princen.

Brit.

/prɪns/, U.S.

/prɪns/

Forms: Middle English preins, Middle English prens, Middle English princs, Middle English prines, Middle English pruyse (transmission error), Middle English pryns, Middle English prysis (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s prins, Middle English–1500s prynse, Middle English–1600s prinse, Middle English–1600s prynce, Middle English– prince, late Middle English princisse (plural, in a late copy), 1800s prence (Irish English); Scottish pre-1700 prens, pre-1700 prense, pre-1700 princesse (plural), pre-1700 prins, pre-1700 prynce, pre-1700 1700s– prince, pre-1700 1800s prence.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French prince.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French prince sovereign ruler, monarch (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), leading person in a group (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman denoting a leader of the Jews; late 12th cent. denoting the commander of a military unit; mid 15th cent. or earlier denoting the commander of an army), person who is pre-eminent in a specified class or sphere (late 14th cent. or earlier, frequently with reference to Aristotle; early 15th cent. or earlier used of a planet imagined as a person), male member of a royal family other than a reigning king (beginning of the 15th cent. or earlier), son of a king (1524), first-born son and heir apparent of a king (late 18th cent.; compare earlier prince roial (15th cent.)) < classical Latin princip- , princeps (noun) instigator, founder, person who is pre-eminent in a particular sphere, leader, chief, ruler (for spec. uses see further princeps n. and adj.), in post-classical Latin also bishop (4th cent.), abbot, duke, count (8th cent.), territorial prince (11th cent.), (feminine) princess (a1535), use as noun of princeps (adjective) first, leading, chief, earliest, original (see princeps n. and adj.). Compare Old Occitan prince, princep (both first half of the 12th cent. or earlier; Occitan prince), Catalan príncep, †prince (both 13th cent.), Spanish príncipe (late 12th cent or earlier), Portuguese príncipe (14th cent.; 13th cent. as †princepe; also as †prince (13th cent.)), Italian principe (beginning of the 13th cent.).The French word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages; the earliest such borrowings are Middle Dutch prince (Dutch prins ), Middle Low German prinse , Middle High German prinze (German Prinz ). In sense 1, probably ultimately after specific uses of classical Latin princeps in the Roman principate and Roman empire (see princeps n. and adj., and compare Horace Odes 1. 2. 50, Ovid Fasti 2. 142, Tacitus Annals 1. 1). With prince of priests n. at sense 3a compare post-classical Latin princeps sacerdotum (Vulgate), Old French prince des pretres (mid 13th cent.; French †prince des prêtres ). In sense 3b after post-classical Latin princeps (Vulgate; after Hellenistic Greek ἀρχή, both in Ephesians 6:12); the Authorized and Revised Versions use ‘principality’ in this passage. In sense 4 after post-classical Latin princeps (Vulgate), used of the Messiah (Isaiah 9:6 princeps pacis Prince of Peace, later traditionally interpreted by Christian writers as referring to Christ), of the archangel Michael (e.g. Daniel 10:13, 21: see quots. c1384¹ at sense 4c, c1384² at sense 4c), and of the Devil (e.g. John 12:31 princeps huius mundi the prince of this world (see quot. c1384 at sense 4a), Ephesians 2:2 princeps potestatis aeris huius the prince of the power of the air; compare also Anglo-Norman prince de mort the Devil (early 12th cent.)). With prince of hell compare Middle French prince d'enfer (late 15th cent. or earlier), French prince de l'Enfer (1616); with prince of darkness compare post-classical Latin princeps tenebrarum (4th cent.), Middle French prince des tenebres (late 14th cent. or earlier; French prince des ténèbres ). In sense 6 apparently originally a specific use of sense 3, denoting a ruler who had no recognized title such as duke, count, etc. First used of Welsh rulers, subsequently of German, Italian, and other rulers of petty states. The rulers of Wales, or its divisions, bore the title of ‘king’ (Welsh brenhin , Latin rex ) down to the 11th cent.; then the title changed to ‘prince’ (Welsh tywysog , Latin princeps ). Sense 7 originated in the title Prince of Wales , which originally was simply a continuation of sense 6, as title of the deposed native Welsh rulers; but was from the reign of Edward III onwards customarily conferred upon the eldest surviving son of the King or Queen of England, and so came to be applied to this relationship (compare discussion at Welsh adj.). The Prince of Wales was at first the only ‘prince’ in England (see quot. 1577 at sense 7); the title Prince of Scotland was, however, used from the 15th cent. to the Union of 1707 for the eldest son of the King of Scotland (thereafter being used only technically in relation to the superiority of lands in the Principality: see quot. 1861 at sense 7). During the reign of James I and VI of Scotland, the general appellation ‘prince’ was extended to all the sons of the sovereign, and under Victoria (with ‘princess’) to all the grandchildren, being children of sons (quot. 1885 at sense 7). The equivalent of ‘prince’ has been given, usually with some modifying word, to the heir apparent to the throne in various countries; the earliest such examples appear to be Spanish Príncipe de Asturias , lit. ‘Prince of Asturias’ (early 15th cent. or earlier; apparently after English Prince of Wales ) and Middle French prince roial , Middle French, French prince royal prince royal n. Later parallels include German Kronprinz (17th cent.), Swedish kronprins (c1700; after German), Danish kronprins (end of the 17th cent.; probably after German), all lit. ‘crown prince’, and French prince impérial denoting the heir apparent in the French Empire of 1852–70 (1857 or earlier). In most of these countries the title of prince has also been given to male members of the reigning family. This sense may have been partly influenced by Roman usage under the empire, in which the title classical Latin princeps iuventūtis ‘chief’ or ‘prince of the youth’, which was bestowed by the Equites upon the two grandsons of Augustus, was afterwards customarily conferred upon the probable successor to the throne on his first entry into public life. (On other uses of princeps in antiquity, especially as applied to Augustus and his successors, see princeps n. and adj.) In prince of the blood (royal) at sense 7 probably after French prince du sang (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier in Middle French) and prince du sang royal (1601 or earlier) respectively. With Prince of the (Holy Roman) Church at sense 8a compare Old French or Middle French li grant prince de Sainte Yglise (early 14th cent.), Middle French, French Prince de l'Eglise (late 14th cent.; subsequently from 1585; usually in plural). In sense 8c as a translation equivalent of various foreign titles of nobility, especially German Fürst (see first adj., adv., and n.²) and Russian knjaz' knez n., probably partly after similar use of French prince (second half of the 18th cent. or earlier translating Russian knjaz' , first half of the 19th cent. or earlier translating German Fürst ). In sense 9 after French prince (1560 in this sense), itself after Italian principe (?1524 in this sense). The Older Scots forms prence, prense result from early lowering of short i to short e. Apparently attested earlier as a surname, although it is unclear whether this is to be taken as reflecting currency of the Middle English or Anglo-Norman word: Rogerus Prince (1166).

I. In primary general sense.

a. A (male) sovereign ruler; a monarch, a king. Now chiefly archaic and historical, or in rhetorical use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun]

princec1225

sovereign1297

monarch?a1439

royc1440

royalc1440

regala1450

crown1474

potentatec1475

throne1593

mulai1594

Monarcho1598

sovran1649

sceptre-holder1655

Elohima1682

head of state1873

the Palace1962

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 5 Of þat heðene folc patriarke ant prince.

c1300 St. Dunstan (Laud) 32 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 20 (MED) He dude him sone bringue To þe prince of Engelond, Aþelston, þe kyngue.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 71 (MED) Þe kyng, þe erl, þe prince, þe emperour, þet þe blysse of þe wordle hedden zomtyme, nou ine helle wepeþ and gredeþ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6805 (MED) Missai not prist ne prince [a1400 Gött. preins] o land.

?1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 156 (MED) The indyngnacion of a prince ys dethe.

1536 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 498 We most umbly desyre youre grase to be oure solester to oure prynse.

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Administr. Lordes Supper sig. N.i^v We beseche thee also to saue and defende all Christian kynges, Princes, and gouernours.

a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie Archibyschope of Sanctandrous 344, sig. Svij Imprudent Prencis, but discretioun. Hauyng in erth, power Imperiall.

1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 55 Princes are like the heavenly bodies which cause good, or evill times; and which have much veneration, but no rest.

1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Prince xv, in tr. N. Machiavelli Wks. 219 In what manner a Prince ought to comport with his Subjects.

1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) v. 176 Being a lewd and vicious Prince, who had delivered himself up to his pleasures.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. viii. 113 Some confessed they owed their Greatness and Wealth to Sodomy or Incest..others to the betraying of their Country or their Prince.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 398 These animals are often sent as presents to the princes of the east.

1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges i. 28 In the good old times..noblemen passed from court to court, seeking service with one prince or the other.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 738/1 The emperor of Russia, the queen of England, and the king of the Belgians are equally princes or monarchs, and the consorts of emperors or kings are princesses.

1954 G. Barker Vision Beasts & Gods in Coll. Poems (1987) 274 I tell you, Angel, that gods die, Princes and gross empire pass.

1989 J. Gallas Pract. Anarchy 66 George said, there is providence in the fall of princes.

2001 Times 8 June ii. 20/2 Astrology has always had a penchant for predicting the fate of kings, princes and politicians.

†b. Applied to a female sovereign. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun] > female

prince1560

sovereigntess1586

monarchess1594

sovereigness1600

1560 Geste Serm. in H. G. Dugdale Life (1840) App. i. 191 Let us low our prince [sc. Q. Eliz.],..nothing thinking sayeng or doyng that may turne to hyr dyshonor, prayeng all way for hyr long and prosperus reigne.

1581 W. Stafford Compend. Exam. Complaints (1876) i. 29 Yea, the Prince,..as she hath most of yearely Reuenewes,..so should shee haue most losse by this dearth.

1594 Willobie his Auisa iv. f. 7 Cleopatra, prince of Nile.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 511 Another most mighty Prince Mary Queene of Scots.

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico ii. 37 They had now been governed by female Princes for forty years together.

1709 J. Swift Project Advancem. Relig. 23 So excellent a Prince as the present Queen.

1711 tr. Baltadji Mehmed Pasha Let. May in R. Sutton Despatches (1953) 52 To the most Glorious of the Great Princes of the Faith of Jesus..Lady of Honour and Glory, the present Queen of England, Scotland, Ireland and other Countreys.

1734 R. Keith Hist. Affairs Church & State Scotl. v. 59 The Governor seemed to refuse this Privilege to Female Princes.

a. A person who or thing which is pre-eminent in a specified class or sphere; the chief; the greatest or best. Usually with of, among. Cf. king n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind

sunOE

lordOE

princec1225

primatec1384

princessc1390

giant1535

queen1554

first gentleman1584

Prester John1598

arch1605

gigant1610

principate1651

top-stone1659

first lady1677

Shakespeare1821

king1829

prius1882

aristocrat1883

Sun King1971

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > person in supreme authority

princec1225

sovereignc1290

overest1474

supreme1549

supremo1839

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 572 (MED) Þe cwen Auguste..cleopede to hire Porphire, cnihtene prince.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 109 (MED) Þat oþer feend of onde [= envy] Hys pryns and cheuetayn.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xl. 20 Pharao..recordide among þe metes of þe mayster of botelers & of þe prince of bakers [L. pistorum principis].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28071 (MED) I will first at pride be-gin, Þat prince es of all oþer sin.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v One named Hugh prynce of the medycyns sawe a catte whiche had two hedes.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 47 (MED) I..haues put myn entent to enserche þe book..þe whilke þe Prynce of Philosophers, Aristotel..made and wrate to..Alexander.

1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. x, in Wks. (Parker Soc.) 381 As though you were prince of the Critici or Areopagitae.

a1658 J. Cleveland Elegy on Ben Jonson in Poems (1659) 43 Poet of Princes, Prince of Poets (we, If to Apollo, well may pray to thee).

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 373 Des Cartes, the Prince of Philosophy in this Age.

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty viii. 47 Sir Christopher Wren,..the prince of architects.

1799 C. Winter Let. in W. Jay Mem. (1843) 28 Mr. Toplady called him [sc. Whitefield] the prince of preachers.

1849 Athenæum 3 Mar. 233/2 [Murillo] the prince of Sevillian painters.

1875 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 18 Aug. Willard himself is a prince among cooks, and master of his business.

1896 Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 2/1 The prince of Australian reptiles is the black snake.

1904 Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 3/1 A prince among provincial entertainment-mongers of the humbler order.

1943 Times 8 Jan. 8/1 (advt.) He's the prince of fifth-columnists.

2001 Independent 4 June ii. 8/4 The common-or-garden boxer short, the prince of the undergarment.

b. Originally and chiefly U.S. A powerful, influential, or wealthy person; esp. a magnate in a specified industry. Cf. baron n. 2b, king n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > power > [noun] > powerful person or body > powerful person

mightfula1325

mightya1382

potestatec1384

mightanda1400

potentatec1475

potent1568

leviathan1606

grandeur1632

strongman1764

huzoor1776

hegemon1829

prince1841

boyar1846

power-holder1854

baron1876

overlord1908

ayatollah1979

1841 J. S. Buckingham Amer. III. 427 Capitalists and merchants [of Boston]..are here called ‘princes’.

1884 Cent. Mag. Sept. 796 At a shady end of the veranda, are seen the railroad king,..the bonanza mine owner, the Texas rancher, and the Pennsylvania iron prince.

1904 ‘O. Henry’ Cabbages & Kings 4 A rubber prince, a sarsaparilla, indigo, and mahogany baron.

1976 T. Gifford Cavanaugh Quest (1977) viii. 137 He was a perfect reflection of the typical Minneapolis power broker, though somewhat better dressed than the grain barons and the department store princes and computer tycoons.

2005 New Yorker 21 A fantasia about a..capitalist prince who produces and directs movies, designs and flies airplanes, and sleeps with dozens of beautiful actresses.

c. colloquial (originally and chiefly North American). An admirable or generous man.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [noun] > person or people

man of worship1340

worthya1393

anybody1802

prince1864

(the) clean potato1880

righto1908

V.I.P.1933

1864 ‘E. Kirke’ Down in Tennessee v. 66 He's a prince of a fellow.

1911 H. B. Wright Winning of Barbara Worth xvi. 252 Yes sir, gents, I'm here to tell you that that there man, Jefferson Worth, is a prince—a prince. Let me tell you what he done for me.

1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iii. 31 He's crazy about you. He told me he thinks you're a goddam prince.

1966 J. Cleary High Commissioner viii. 164 ‘You have a lot of time for him, haven't you?’ ‘They don't come any better. He's a prince, you know?’

2004 Sporting News 22 Nov. 45 ‘He is probably one of the finest men I have ever known.’ It is a common feeling... He is a prince of a man.

a. A person who has the chief authority in any society or group; a ruler, commander, governor; (also) a tribal chief or ruler. Cf. duke n. 1c.Originally in Biblical translations and allusions; later chiefly in historical contexts, or merged with spec. use at sense 6. †prince of priests n. obsolete chief priest, high priest.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun]

waldendeOE

prince?c1225

ordainerc1300

tyranta1340

prefecta1382

rulera1382

wieldera1382

corner of the people1382

lordshipperc1384

governora1393

moderatora1398

wieldinga1400

leader of lawsc1400

regent1415

governailc1440

dominatorc1450

reignera1464

regnanta1500

gubernator1522

despot1562

shepherd1577

swayer1598

Sophy1599

most mastera1616

Govr.1620

Gov.1630

archon1735

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun]

alderOE

patriarchc1200

prince?c1225

chief1587

top1615

chieftain1837

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > [noun]

bishopc893

prelate?c1225

prince of priests?c1225

high priestc1400

pontificala1450

emperor clerkc1475

gentleman untrial1486

dignitya1525

Aaron1565

hierarch1574

presul1577

monsignor1579

church governor1588

pontiff1589

archbishop1600

monseigneur1601

monsignor1611

sheikh1613

protomist1619

Mar1622

hyperochality1637

protarch1654

pontifex1655

prelatical1658

dignitary1672

hierophanta1676

Monsig.1698

ecclesiarch1781

arch-pontiff1790

Mgr1848

Msgr.1868

patriarch-

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > ruler of principality

prince?c1225

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 45 Þerefter of þet ilke weren..hire breðren swa noble princes as ha weren vtlaȝen imakede.

c1300 St. Nicholas (Laud) 215 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 246 (MED) Þe Aumperour nam þre grete louerdingues..to fiȝten a-ȝein is fon; Þis þreo princes..in þe se forth i-wenden to fiȝten a-ȝein is wyþerwynes.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xviii. 8 Crispe sothli, prince of the synagoge [L. archisynagogus], bileuyde to the Lord.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 16903 (MED) Þe prince o preistes o þair lagh went to þat monument And sperd it wit a mikel stan.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 106 (MED) Iacob hadde xij sones that were the princes of xij lynages.

a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 46 (MED) The prynce [sc. Pilate] calleth you.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxxvi. E Thus are the princes of Esau called in their kynreds, places & names.

1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) 39 Then they brougt vs to their village in the iland called, Roanoac, and vnto their Weroans or Prince.

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 16 The People..were contained under their ten Tribes, houses or families; whereof the first born in each was Prince of his Tribe, and had the leading of it.

1763 J. Bell Trav. from St. Petersburg I. 123 This unfortunate gentleman was the son of a petty prince, or chief of a tribe in Tzerkessia.

1769 J. Brown Dict. Holy Bible I. 111/1 On them [sc. eastern asses] did the princes of Israel..generously send back the Jewish captives that were unfit for travel.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 3 The power of the Vergobret, or Prince of each tribe, was absolute.

1965 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 26 495 A Prince of Potus, when promised a gift by Nero, requested that he should be granted the services of a well-known mimer.

2002 E. A. Gargan River's Tale iii. 84 A prince of a tribe called the Mengshe established the Nanzhao kingdom.

†b. A spiritual power. Cf. sense 4. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun]

godeOE

deityc1374

higher powerc1384

princec1384

divinityc1386

governorc1400

powerc1425

numen1495

fear1535

heaven1554

godheada1586

godhood1586

landlorda1635

supreme1643

supercelestial1652

supernal1661

universality1681

father1820

unspeakable1843

Molimo1861

Mlimo1897

superperson1907

somebody up there1972

sky fairy1997

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Eph. vi. 12 Stryuynge is not to vs aȝens fleisch and blood, but aȝens the princes [L. principes, Gk. ἀρχαι] and potestatis, aȝens gouernours of the world of thes derknessis [Tyndale, Cranmer, etc. rule; Geneva rulers; Rheims Princes, 1611 principalities].

a. Applied to Satan; esp. in phrases, as prince of darkness, prince of hell (formerly also †prince of the air, †prince of this world, etc.). Cf. Black Prince n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as ruler

princea1325

Black Prince1582

arch-fiend1667

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 212 (MED) Now worþ þe prince of þis worlde out ycast and ywent.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xii. 31 Now the prince of this world [L. princeps huius mundi] schal be cast out.

c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 155 (MED) Þe prince of þe world is iuged.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 295 (MED) His sawle was broght vnto þe prince of Hell.

?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iii^v O prince of hell Feutred in fashyon abominable.

1582 A. Fleming tr. A. Autpertus Monomachie of Motiues xvij. 195 Hell fire, the kingdome of the blacke prince of darknes.]

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. v. 42 The blacke prince sir, alias the prince of darkenesse, alias the diuell.

1653 R. Codrington Lloyd's Marrow of Hist. (new ed.) 3 That..Princes should be so misguided by the Prince of the ayr.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 185 Jesus..Saw Satan fall like Lightning down from Heav'n, Prince of the Aire.

1738 S.-Carolina Gaz. 30 Mar. 2/1 Satan..was acknowledged and adored as a supream and mighty Power, with Expressions of a true and faithful Allegiance to the Prince of Darkness.

1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. xlv. 318 The Prince of Darkness will soon unfold the leaves of your abominations.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. ix. 143 He saluted Rowena by doffing his velvet bonnet, garnished with a golden broach, representing St Michael trampling down the Prince of Evil.

1875 J. D. Lang Hist. Acct. New S. Wales (ed. 4) I. xi. 393 If Her Majesty could have commissioned the Prince of Darkness to represent her in the Colony.., I doubt not but his sable Excellency would have received a Farewell Address of respect.

1933 Mod. Lang. Notes 48 421 The man..who appears in these comments..is somewhat more at home with the rebel and recusant Prince of Hell.

1991 R. R. McCammon Boy's Life ii. v. 146 Your sons and daughters inflamed by this garbage, and Satan just a-laughin' at us all!..You think we here are safe from the prince of darkness?

b. Applied to Jesus Christ; esp. as Prince of Peace.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > as prince or ruler

Prince of Peacea1375

master1548

archemaster1570

fifth monarch1660

hierarch1855

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1168 (MED) Ful pitousli þan preiede he to þe prince of heuene forto giif him grace.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. ix. 6 His name shal ben clepid merueilous, counseiler..prince of pes [L. princeps pacis].

a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) 886 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 56 (MED) I preye þe, prince of pees, Helpe me þat I summe teris hadde, That goostly fruyte encrees.

a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 161 (MED) Hit is meruaile to men þat mountes to litelle Towarde þe prouidens of þe prince þat paradis weldes.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 214 Emanuel Prince of Peace, and a great lover of the Town of Mansoul, I do..grant, and bequeath to my beloved Town of Mansoul.

c1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 75 The Prince of Peace rejects them with abhorrence.

1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad liii. 573 History is full of..blood that was shed because of the respect and the veneration in which the men held the last resting-place of the meek and lowly, the mild and gentle, Prince of Peace!

1985 Church Army Rev. June No. 11. 10/2 Men..are faced with the challenge of a loving God who sent His Son to be the Prince of Peace.

c. Denoting an angel or celestial being of high rank, esp. the archangel Michael; in plural = principality n. 5. Cf. sense 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > order of > principalities

aldershipsOE

ealdordomsOE

princec1384

principatec1384

princehooda1425

princedom1667

principality1756

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. x. 13 Mychael, oon of the first princis [L. principibus], came in to myn help.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. x. 21 No man is myn helper in alle these thingis, no bot Miȝhel, ȝour prince [L. princeps].

1566 T. Becon New Postil f. 42^v How God sent his angels, euen that great Princes, to preach vnto two or thre shepheards.

1687 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II (ed. 2) II. vii. 319 These Guardian Angels seem to have been Archangels, or the Princes of the distinct Orders of Angels.

1790 J. Bell Serm.Preached before Univ. Glasgow ix. 235 The prince of that host, even Michael the archangel.

1854 F. W. Faber Oratory Tunes lxv. 55 in Oratory Hymns & Tunes Hail, bright Archangel! Prince of Heaven!

1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iii. 128 The archangel Michael, the prince of the heavenly host, appeared glorious and terrible against the sky.

2000 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 59 117 An altar dedicated to the glory of Michael, prince of the archangels.

5. In phrases and proverbs, as to live like a prince, put not your trust in princes (and variants, after Psalm 146, verse 3), as happy as a prince, etc.

ΚΠ

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxlv. 2 Ne will ȝe nouȝt affien in princes, in mennes sones, in which non helþe nys.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms cxlv. 3 Wileþ not trosten in princis: ne in þe sones of men in whiche is not helþe.]

1487 Thewis Gud Women (St. John's Cambr.) 4 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 81 Quhilk..makis pouer women princes peir.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 948 Better it is to trust in God then in Princes.

1589 R. Greene Spanish Masquerado sig. C3^v The iollie fellowes that once in England liued like Princes in their Abbeies and Frieries.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. 4 It is a true saying of the Philosopher, Like Prince, like people.

1649 W. Prynne Substance Speech House of Commons 76 Put not your trust in Princes... It is better to trust in the Lord, then to put confidence in men or Princes, have been my Maxims.

1660 S. Pepys Diary 1 Nov. (1970) I. 280 We came to Sir Wm. Battens, where he lives like a prince.

1714 J. Adams Ahab's Evil 25 Obscene Discourses every where abounding, which could not otherwise be expected, when we had so great a Person for our Pattern; for like Prince, like People.

1776 H. Cowley Runaway ii. iv. 23 You have set my heart at rest—I am as happy as a Prince.

1784 R. Bage Barham Downs II. 353 Your holy David, I think, advised you not to put your trust in princes.

1804 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 33/2 If I..would send..a pound of good tobacco, I should make her husband as happy as a Prince.

1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 132 My ma used to put on her specs and say, ‘Peter, my son, put not your trust in princes’.

1868 E. Yates Rock Ahead III. iii. iii. 66 ‘Princes and women must not be contradicted’, says the proverb.

1931 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 24 Jan. 30/5 Mennen Baby Talcum..swiftly soaks up all moisture—leaving baby velvety-smooth, dry, happy as a prince.

1997 Independent (Nexis) 31 July e6 It wasn't living like a prince but I wasn't worried about money.

2004 Hist. Today (Nexis) 1 Sept. 31 For moralists it was a classic example of the fickleness of fortune. ‘Put not your trust in princes’ was the lesson.

II. Specific uses.

6. The ruler of a principality or small state actually, nominally, or originally subject to a king or emperor.In origin apparently a spec. use of 3a: see notes there and in etymology.

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c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11484 (MED) Lewelin, prince of walis, robbede mid is route Þe erles lond of gloucetre in walis aboute.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 187 (MED) Kyng John mariede his baast douȝter to Lewelyn, prince of Wales.

c1432 in PMLA (1934) 49 458 On Whytsunday þe prince of Orynge and þe Duke of Burgoyne coome toward þe kyng.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 118 And all this yat we say of the king, we say of othir princis, yat ar princis jn thair awin contreis, hafand nane atour thame jn souerayntee, as is the Erle of fois, the quhilk is prince of bearn, jn the quhilk he has preuilegis of Emperour.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. liiij^v The Princes that were of the confederacie and league of Sweland..were these, Cesar as Prince of Austriche [etc.].

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 193 Not onely the Emperour, but also many Princes of Germany..haue Kingly power in their owne Dominions, and these absolute Princes are so many in number, as a passenger in each dayes iourney, shall obserue one or two changes of Prince, Money and Religion.

1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage xxiii. 235 All those Moneys which he [sc. the Emperor] drew by way of assistance from the King of Spain, or from the Pope, or from other Princes of Italy.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Prince is also used for a Person who is Sovereign in his own Territory; yet holds from some other, as his Superior, or Lord, and pays Homage or Tribute to him. Thus all the Princes of Germany are Feudataries of the Emperor.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. i. 398 The court of Rome had disobliged some of the smaller princes in the northern parts of Germany.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 371 The hostility of the most able and prudent of all the princes of the empire was provoked.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 738/2 Princes regarded as the political chiefs of states are inferior to emperors and kings, and not necessarily superior to reigning grand-dukes or dukes.

1900 Whitaker's Almanack 456/1 Native States of India... The States are governed by their native Princes, Ministers, or Councils, with the help and under the advice of a political officer of the Supreme Government.

1937 R. Kipling Something of Myself iii. 44 Visits of Viceroys to neighbouring Princes on the edge of the great Indian desert.

2005 Independent (Nexis) 13 July 20 The Prince of Monaco is one of the few absolute monarchs left on the planet.

7. A male member of a royal family other than a reigning king (†in early use also a princess); esp. in the United Kingdom, a son or grandson of a monarch (also as a prefixed title).Originally in Prince of Wales, a title of the deposed Welsh rulers conferred (from the 14th cent. on) upon the eldest surviving son of the King or Queen of England, the epithet prince being later extended to all male children of the reigning British royal family and, eventually, those of other countries: see note in etymology. prince of the blood (royal): see blood n. 7. Prince Consort: the husband of a reigning female sovereign who is himself a prince; spec. Prince Albert (1819–1861), the consort of Queen Victoria.

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society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s) > prince

athelingOE

princea1350

realc1440

riala1450

serenissimo1665

serenissime1881

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 13 Ȝef þe prince of walis his lyf habbe mote, hit falleþ þe kyng of fraunce bittrore þen þe sote.

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 717 (MED) Hit was Edward þe þridde, þe noble kniht; Þe prince, his sone, bar vp his helm.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) Prol. 102 (MED) In euery part the tarage is the same, Lyche his fader of maneris and of name..Called Henry ek, the worthy prynce of Walys.

1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxxxii The lordschip and landis..quhilkis war gevin..to our said soverane lady..quhil the age of our said lord the prince.

a1500 Let. in Memorials St. Edmund's Abbey (1896) 3 260 (MED) Thomas Walber, clerc, and John Bertram, attorneys of the noble prince Thomas, late duc of Excestre.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ix On Newyeres daye, the first day of Ianuary, the Quene was deliuered of a Prince.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. iv. f. 102/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The tytle of Prince doth peculiarly belong to the Kinges eldest sonne... The Kinges yonger sonnes be but gentlemen by byrth, till they haue receyued creation of hygher estate to bee eyther Uiscontes, Earles or Dukes; & called after their names, as Lord Henry, or Lorde Edwarde.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 83 Health to my soueraigne,..Prince Iohn your sonne doth kisse your graces hand.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 178 After the Conquest, no speciall title more then Primogenitus filius Regis was for the Prince, vntill the name of Prince of Wales came to him.

a1640 P. Massinger Parl. of Love (1976) i. a. 21 Next vnto the princes of the blood The eyes of all are fixd on you.

1703 J. Barnes Good Old Way 12 His Royal Highness, the Prince Consort.

1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. vii. 103 By the Articles of Marriage, he is declared to be received as one of the Princes of the Blood-Royal of England.

1785 Earl of Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. II. 122 The King desired the Prince of Wales to send in an Exact Statement of his debts, giving him to understand he would liquidate them.

1839 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 513/2 The husband of a queen regnant, as Prince George of Denmark was to Queen Anne, is her subject.

1851 C. Babbage Exposition of 1851 (ed. 2) iii. 22 Even the presidency of the Prince-Consort has not yet raised it to its due position in the public opinion.

1879 V. Lush Jrnl. 23 Apr. (1975) 211 The death of the Prince Imperial of France.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 738/2 In England..it was considered necessary only about a quarter of a century ago to make express provision by royal authority that the titles of ‘prince’ and ‘princess’ should be enjoyed by the children of the sons as well as by the sons and daughters of any sovereign of the United Kingdom.

1925 F. Newman Rachel & her Children in Amer. Mercury May 93/2 Sally had been very tired of..always sitting with her back to the horses like an inconsequential Prince Consort.

1971 French Hist. Stud. 7 35 There were no less than twelve..adult Princes of the Blood alive at the time.

2005 Scotsman (Nexis) 18 Nov. 18 He gave riding lessons to..the young princes.

a. In full Prince of the (Holy Roman) Church. A Cardinal; the title given to a Cardinal; (also occasionally) any high ranking member of the clergy.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > cardinal > [noun]

cardinallOE

redcap?1539

carnalc1540

prince1581

red hat1598

purple father1615

national1625

eminence1653

eminency1670

nationist1670

redshank1824

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 948 Better it is to trust in God then in Princes, not onely in the Princes of the worlde, but in the Princes of the Church.

1646 J. Howell Lustra Ludovici 159 He had also the attribut of Eminence given him..to distinguish and peculiarize him from other Cardinals, and Princes of the Church.

1712 L. Howel View of Pontificate 317 The Owner and Professor of these Tenets was protected and follow'd by the Princes of the Church; (for such the Cardinals now began to be).

1842 F. W. Faber Foreign Churches ii. 268 It has been asserted..that among the higher orders of society in the Papal States another party has been formed, which includes..a few of the princes of the Church.

1901 Walker & Burrow Cdl. Newman x. 145 His body was laid in state with the insignia of a Prince of the Holy Roman Church.

1994 R. Hellenga Sixteen Pleasures v. 93 The idea that nuns might be scholars has never sat very well with the princes of the church.

†b. Used in certain situations as a title of courtesy for a duke, marquis, or earl. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun]

yea1225

my Lordc1300

seigniorc1330

squire1382

noblessec1390

lordship1394

grace1423

gentlenessc1425

magnificencec1425

noblenessc1425

greatness1473

worshipc1475

your mightinessa1500

excellency?1533

celsitude1535

altitude1543

Your Honour1551

sublimity1553

excellencea1592

captal1592

gentleperson1597

clemencya1600

gravity1618

grace1625

grandeur1632

eximiousness1648

professorship1656

prince1677

excellenceshipc1716

Graceship1804

seigniorship1823

valiancy1828

your seignorie1829

1677 J. Logan Analogia Honorum ii. iv. 33/1 A Duke hath the Title of Grace; and being written unto is styled, Most High, Potent, and Noble Prince.

1702 E. Chamberlayne Present State Eng. iii. iii. 281 Marquis... His Title is Most Noble, Most Honourable, and Potent Prince.

1848 Times 14 Aug. 1/1 The Most noble and Puissant Prince, his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, is at this moment an absolutely ruined and destitute man.

1898 Whitaker's Titled Persons Introd. 11 The style of a Marquess is ‘Most Honourable’, not ‘Most Noble’, though it is stated that in some formal descriptions both he and an Earl may be termed ‘Most Noble and Puissant Prince’.

c. The English rendering of various titles of nobility in some (esp. Continental European) countries. Also as a prefixed title.

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society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for rank below duke

prince1908

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The moment the Pope is elected, all his Relations become Princes.

1820 M. Edgeworth Let. 14 May in M. Edgeworth in France & Switzerland (1979) 128 My dear little pocket Prince de Beauvoau for me!—worth all the Russian bears and giants put together.

1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 275 Prince Gabriel de Gagarin. This Prince held a high office at Moscow,—that of ‘Procureur de Senat’.

1885 Whitaker's Almanack 322/1 The German Empire... Chancellor, Otto, Prince Bismarck.

1908 N.E.D. (at cited word) Prince... A title of nobility in some foreign countries, which, in Germany (when representing Fürst), France, Italy, Belgium, Holland, now ranks next below duke.

1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria iv. 97 The Duke had one other child—Prince Ernest.

1967 Encycl. Philos. VII. 260/2 The most important of the Russian Schellingians were Professor D. M. Vellanski..and Prince V. F. Odoyevski.

1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 35/3 Kukrit himself is a rajawongse , a title loosely translated [from Thai] as prince, but in fact meaning a king's great-grandson.

2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Oct. 8 Mr. Borghese has largely played down his title, prince, and his link to the noble Borghese family.

†III. In extended uses.

9. Chess. = bishop n. 5. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > bishop

alphin1562

bishop1562

prince1562

archer1656

1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Aiiii The Bishoppes some name Alphius, some fooles, and some name them Princes [Fr. princes].

1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Avj Of the Bishop or Archer... The Spaniardes named him prince [Fr. prince; It. e detto delfino che vuole dire principe]..for..he is nerer vnto the King and the Quene then any other of the Cheastmen.

10. A queen bee. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > queen bee

kinga1398

rectora1398

king bee1565

master bee1579

prince1609

queen1609

queen bee1609

queen mother1753

mother queen1817

1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A2^v If they have many Princes, as when two fly away with one swarme, or when two swarmes are hived together; they strike one of them presently.

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) v. sig. N2 I obserued once, that the Prince being scarce ready, fell downe from the stoole vnable to recouer hir wings: whereupon the swarme returned. She being put into the Hiue, the next day the swarme rose againe and setled.

Compounds

C1.

a. Appositive, in the sense ‘that is a prince’, as prince-abbot, prince-angel, prince-duke, prince-god, prince-infanta, prince-poet, prince-pope, prince-priest, prince-primate, prince-teacher, etc. Cf. prince-bishop n., prince-elector n., Prince Regent n.

ΚΠ

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico x. 19 Whether the King would allow him place, as a Prince-Infanta within the Cloth of State.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lix. 116 Apollo..created him Prince-Poet, and..gave him the Royal Ensigns used to be given to Poets Laureat.

1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 92 That Prince-fowl of the air, the Devil.

1794 Times 24 June 3/2 His brother, the Prince Primate, still resides in the palace with him.

1865 T. F. Knox tr. Life H. Suso 28 As if he were a prince-angel.

1866–7 S. Baring-Gould Curious Myths Middle Ages (1894) 47 The papal epistle..assures the Eastern Prince-Pope that his Christian professions are worthless, unless he submits to the successor of Peter.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxi. 1 Sire and prince-patriarch of hungry starvelings.

1947 A. Einstein Music Romantic Era xviii. 353 A friend of Padre Martini's, the prince-abbot of St. Blasien, Martin Gerbert.

1995 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Apr. b7/1 He wrote a major biography of the Montenegrin prince-poet, Njegos.

b. General attributive with sense ‘of a prince, princely’.

† prince-dish n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

a1618 J. Sylvester Wood-mans Bear (1620) xxxvii. sig. B3 In the Crofte so faire and pleasant, Harbor of the Prince-dish Pheasant.

prince-humour n.

ΚΠ

1611 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) i. iv. 102 Rare Artizan, deep-reaching Politician, Fortunat Marchant, fine Prince-humour-pleaser.]

1908 N.E.D. at Prince sb. Prince-humour.

c. Objective.

prince-killer n.

ΚΠ

1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 39 For manquellars and princekillers, traytours, and homicides.

2002 Southland (N.Z.) Times (Nexis) 26 Aug. 6 A few dummies..thought they were voting for the Lionheart from the Crusades, not the hunchbacked prince-killer in need of a horse.

prince-killing adj.

ΚΠ

1595 W. Covell Polimanteia sig. T A Queene..more valiant then prince-killing Judith.

1629 M. Sutcliffe True Relation Englands Happinesse 327 Angelikes, Carpocratians..Prince-killing circumcellions, and Assassins..and diuers others..haue bene condemned and punished for heretikes.

1980 Performing Arts Jrnl. 4 141 Richard the third..the prince-killing king.

prince-pleaser n.

ΚΠ

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. viii. 13 Poesie was a delicate arte, and the Poets them selues cunning Princepleasers.

a1610 T. Rogers Leicester's Ghost in Leicester's Common-wealth (1641) 11 Are there not some among you Parasites, Time-servers, and observers of no measure, Prince-pleasers, people-pleasers, hypocrites.

2001 Times (Nexis) 8 June Nostradamus also predicted his own demise. He too was an able prince-pleaser.

† prince-queller n. Obsolete (queller n. 1.)

ΚΠ

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxv^v The people..found out the princequellers, and theim brought to straight prisone.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiiij^v Our posterite shal be reproued as children of Homecides, ye of Regicides & prince quellers.

1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word 66 They be princequellers, king-killers, and the lyke.

† prince-treacher n. Obsolete (treacher n. a.)

ΚΠ

1599 J. Sylvester Miracle of Peace 39 The 'erst-most-prince-loyall people..Are now Prince-treachers.

prince-worship n.

ΚΠ

1869 Times 9 Aug. 10/2 Prince worship seems to be a very aguish kind of thing, for it has its hot and cold fits.

1892 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 4th Ser. 357 I suspect that this habit of princeworship is one of the special evils of a constitutional monarchy.

2004 W. F. Bertolette German Stereotypes in Brit. Mag. (Ph.D. thesis, Louisiana State Univ.) in etd.lsu.edu (2006) 20 Feb. (O.E.D. Archive) England's evolution from Protestant prince-worship to ‘civil courage’ through martyrdom, exile and Puritan parliamentary opposition indicates [etc.].

d. Instrumental, similative, etc.

† prince-fit adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1607 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas II. Posthumus Bartas i. 1 Heroike force, and Prince-fit forme withall [Fr. Vne force heroique, vne Auguste beauté], Honor the Scepter of courageous Saul.

1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iv. 197 From Powdred Tresses, from forc't Apish Graces, From Prince-fit Pompe.

† prince-graced adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 213 Through Newberie, and Prince-grac't Aldermarston.

† prince-loyal adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1599 J. Sylvester tr. J. Du Nesme Miracle Peace in Fraunce 39 The 'erst-most-prince-loyall people..Are now Prince-treachers.

a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) ii. iii. 407 Therfore, O Peers, Prince-loyall Paladines, True-noble Nobles, lay-by by-Designes.

prince-protected adj.

ΚΠ

a1864 W. S. Landor Count Julian (1892) i. ii. 7 The rank ignoble heads Of plundering faction soon unite again, And prince-protected share the spoil at rest.

† prince-proud adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 332 The airie tops Of Prince-proud towers in her black womb she wraps.

prince-ridden adj.

ΚΠ

1852 G. H. Calvert Scenes & Thoughts in Europe 2nd Ser. xviii. 147 He..is not fit fully to represent this great self-governing country in prince-ridden Europe.

1865 Times 9 Nov. 8/2 If there be traditions of liberty and independence in any part of that prince-ridden country, it is in the Free Cities.

2001 Daily Mail (Nexis) 4 Oct. 13 The prince-ridden, allegedly theocratic House of Saud..has no interest in human rights as defined by the West.

† prince-trodden adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1652 Persuasive to Compliance 16 His poor prince-trodden people.

C2. Compounds with prince's.

† prince's cord n. Obsolete a fabric, probably resembling corduroy.

ΚΠ

1794 Proc. Old Bailey 15 Jan. 266/2 Joseph Dolphin was indicted for stealing..twenty two yards of prince's cord.

1798 Times 26 Sept. 1/4 (advt.) (table) Prince's cord or satinet ditto... Superfine blue pantaloons.

1810 Sporting Mag. 36 240 White Prince's-cord breeches.

prince's mixture n. now rare a kind of snuff scented with attar of roses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > snuff > [noun] > types of

high-dried1681

Spanish1681

roderigo1692

bergamot1701

musty1709

myrtle1715

Portuguesea1721

rappee?1726

Scotch1739

macoubac1740

blackguard1782

Irish1806

Lundyfoot1811

prince's mixture1813

cephalic1828

taddy1869

1813 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1949) IX. 255 Real Strasburg, Princes Mixture, and Irish Blaguard.

1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 124 A little rappee or prince's mixture added by way of Sauce.

1876 Amer. Cycl. XV. 783/2 The leading brands of moist snuffs are..prince's mixture, maccoboy,..Dutch carrottee, Grand Cairo, &c.

1969 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 11 Apr. 3/8 Mr. Rose's snuff shop is 100 years old. It has..jars with exotic labels such as..‘Princes Mixture’.

prince's pine n. U.S. (a) the pipsissewa, Chimaphila umbellata (family Pyrolaceae); (b) the jack pine, Pinus banksiana (family Pinaceae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ericaceae (wintergreen and allies) > [noun]

wintergreen1525

pyrola1527

limonium1548

rheumatism weed1785

pipsissewa1793

prince's pine1807

king-cure1817

shin-leaf1845

wood-lily1884

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > diuretic > plant-derived

pipsissewa1793

prince's pine1807

scoparin1850

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic > plant-derived

hypocistisa1425

red sanders1553

sarsaparilla1577

langue de boeuf1615

sarsa1625

zerumbet1640

Winter's cinnamon1673

cascarilla1686

Winteran bark1694

simarouba1733

hypocist1751

Oswego tea1752

yellowroot1755

calumba1789

pipsissewa1793

prince's pine1807

strychnine1819

strychnia1823

false Winter's bark1830

strychnina1838

musk root1844

sumbul root1844

chirayta1847

Cusparia1852

phytin1905

boldo1908

1807 F. Pursh Jrnl. Bot. Excursion (1869) 15 Pyrola umbellata calld here Princess [sic] pine.

1861 H. B. Stowe Pearl of Orr's Island I. v. 32 The prince's pine raised its oriental feather, with a mimic cone on the top.

1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 201 Pinus Banksiana... Gray pine. Scrub pine. Prince's pine.

1954 C. J. Hylander Macmillan Wild Flower Bk. 280 Pipsissewa... Also known as Prince's Pine, this is a trailing and somewhat woody perennial.

2005 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 19 June n1 I headed back on the Tobin Harbor Trail, stopping to admire the extravagant flora: curtains of moss, clusters of pearly everlasting, the waxy pink petals of the pipsissewa or ‘prince's pine’.

prince's stuff n. now historical a closely-woven black woollen material, originally used for legal and clerical clothing or for mourning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > ribbed or corded > specific

barragan1677

prince's stuff1784

eight-shaft1840

hairline1862

hair-cord1866

grosgrain1869

Janus-cord1881

pincord1919

needlecord1959

1784 Mass. Centinel 16 June 3/3 Tomorrow, will be sold..Calimancoes, Princes Stuff.

1814 Hist. Univ. Oxf. II. 261 The gown of Bachelor of Arts is made of prince's stuff, with a full sleeve.

1825 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1334 The lord mayor of London..the household now all wear black gowns,..made of prince's stuff faced with velvet.

1856 Patents for Inventions: Abridgm. Specif. Weaving 5 Lutherines, rufferines, princes stuffs, or prunellas.

1963 W. N. Hargreaves-Mawdsley Hist. Academical Dress iv. 127 The official material for the gown was ‘Prunello or Prince's Stuff’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	prince
释义	princen. Brit. /prɪns/, U.S. /prɪns/ Forms: Middle English preins, Middle English prens, Middle English princs, Middle English prines, Middle English pruyse (transmission error), Middle English pryns, Middle English prysis (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s prins, Middle English–1500s prynse, Middle English–1600s prinse, Middle English–1600s prynce, Middle English– prince, late Middle English princisse (plural, in a late copy), 1800s prence (Irish English); Scottish pre-1700 prens, pre-1700 prense, pre-1700 princesse (plural), pre-1700 prins, pre-1700 prynce, pre-1700 1700s– prince, pre-1700 1800s prence. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French prince. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French prince sovereign ruler, monarch (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), leading person in a group (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman denoting a leader of the Jews; late 12th cent. denoting the commander of a military unit; mid 15th cent. or earlier denoting the commander of an army), person who is pre-eminent in a specified class or sphere (late 14th cent. or earlier, frequently with reference to Aristotle; early 15th cent. or earlier used of a planet imagined as a person), male member of a royal family other than a reigning king (beginning of the 15th cent. or earlier), son of a king (1524), first-born son and heir apparent of a king (late 18th cent.; compare earlier prince roial (15th cent.)) < classical Latin princip- , princeps (noun) instigator, founder, person who is pre-eminent in a particular sphere, leader, chief, ruler (for spec. uses see further princeps n. and adj.), in post-classical Latin also bishop (4th cent.), abbot, duke, count (8th cent.), territorial prince (11th cent.), (feminine) princess (a1535), use as noun of princeps (adjective) first, leading, chief, earliest, original (see princeps n. and adj.). Compare Old Occitan prince, princep (both first half of the 12th cent. or earlier; Occitan prince), Catalan príncep, †prince (both 13th cent.), Spanish príncipe (late 12th cent or earlier), Portuguese príncipe (14th cent.; 13th cent. as †princepe; also as †prince (13th cent.)), Italian principe (beginning of the 13th cent.).The French word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages; the earliest such borrowings are Middle Dutch prince (Dutch prins ), Middle Low German prinse , Middle High German prinze (German Prinz ). In sense 1, probably ultimately after specific uses of classical Latin princeps in the Roman principate and Roman empire (see princeps n. and adj., and compare Horace Odes 1. 2. 50, Ovid Fasti 2. 142, Tacitus Annals 1. 1). With prince of priests n. at sense 3a compare post-classical Latin princeps sacerdotum (Vulgate), Old French prince des pretres (mid 13th cent.; French †prince des prêtres ). In sense 3b after post-classical Latin princeps (Vulgate; after Hellenistic Greek ἀρχή, both in Ephesians 6:12); the Authorized and Revised Versions use ‘principality’ in this passage. In sense 4 after post-classical Latin princeps (Vulgate), used of the Messiah (Isaiah 9:6 princeps pacis Prince of Peace, later traditionally interpreted by Christian writers as referring to Christ), of the archangel Michael (e.g. Daniel 10:13, 21: see quots. c1384¹ at sense 4c, c1384² at sense 4c), and of the Devil (e.g. John 12:31 princeps huius mundi the prince of this world (see quot. c1384 at sense 4a), Ephesians 2:2 princeps potestatis aeris huius the prince of the power of the air; compare also Anglo-Norman prince de mort the Devil (early 12th cent.)). With prince of hell compare Middle French prince d'enfer (late 15th cent. or earlier), French prince de l'Enfer (1616); with prince of darkness compare post-classical Latin princeps tenebrarum (4th cent.), Middle French prince des tenebres (late 14th cent. or earlier; French prince des ténèbres ). In sense 6 apparently originally a specific use of sense 3, denoting a ruler who had no recognized title such as duke, count, etc. First used of Welsh rulers, subsequently of German, Italian, and other rulers of petty states. The rulers of Wales, or its divisions, bore the title of ‘king’ (Welsh brenhin , Latin rex ) down to the 11th cent.; then the title changed to ‘prince’ (Welsh tywysog , Latin princeps ). Sense 7 originated in the title Prince of Wales , which originally was simply a continuation of sense 6, as title of the deposed native Welsh rulers; but was from the reign of Edward III onwards customarily conferred upon the eldest surviving son of the King or Queen of England, and so came to be applied to this relationship (compare discussion at Welsh adj.). The Prince of Wales was at first the only ‘prince’ in England (see quot. 1577 at sense 7); the title Prince of Scotland was, however, used from the 15th cent. to the Union of 1707 for the eldest son of the King of Scotland (thereafter being used only technically in relation to the superiority of lands in the Principality: see quot. 1861 at sense 7). During the reign of James I and VI of Scotland, the general appellation ‘prince’ was extended to all the sons of the sovereign, and under Victoria (with ‘princess’) to all the grandchildren, being children of sons (quot. 1885 at sense 7). The equivalent of ‘prince’ has been given, usually with some modifying word, to the heir apparent to the throne in various countries; the earliest such examples appear to be Spanish Príncipe de Asturias , lit. ‘Prince of Asturias’ (early 15th cent. or earlier; apparently after English Prince of Wales ) and Middle French prince roial , Middle French, French prince royal prince royal n. Later parallels include German Kronprinz (17th cent.), Swedish kronprins (c1700; after German), Danish kronprins (end of the 17th cent.; probably after German), all lit. ‘crown prince’, and French prince impérial denoting the heir apparent in the French Empire of 1852–70 (1857 or earlier). In most of these countries the title of prince has also been given to male members of the reigning family. This sense may have been partly influenced by Roman usage under the empire, in which the title classical Latin princeps iuventūtis ‘chief’ or ‘prince of the youth’, which was bestowed by the Equites upon the two grandsons of Augustus, was afterwards customarily conferred upon the probable successor to the throne on his first entry into public life. (On other uses of princeps in antiquity, especially as applied to Augustus and his successors, see princeps n. and adj.) In prince of the blood (royal) at sense 7 probably after French prince du sang (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier in Middle French) and prince du sang royal (1601 or earlier) respectively. With Prince of the (Holy Roman) Church at sense 8a compare Old French or Middle French li grant prince de Sainte Yglise (early 14th cent.), Middle French, French Prince de l'Eglise (late 14th cent.; subsequently from 1585; usually in plural). In sense 8c as a translation equivalent of various foreign titles of nobility, especially German Fürst (see first adj., adv., and n.²) and Russian knjaz' knez n., probably partly after similar use of French prince (second half of the 18th cent. or earlier translating Russian knjaz' , first half of the 19th cent. or earlier translating German Fürst ). In sense 9 after French prince (1560 in this sense), itself after Italian principe (?1524 in this sense). The Older Scots forms prence, prense result from early lowering of short i to short e. Apparently attested earlier as a surname, although it is unclear whether this is to be taken as reflecting currency of the Middle English or Anglo-Norman word: Rogerus Prince (1166). I. In primary general sense. 1. a. A (male) sovereign ruler; a monarch, a king. Now chiefly archaic and historical, or in rhetorical use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun] princec1225 sovereign1297 monarch?a1439 royc1440 royalc1440 regala1450 crown1474 potentatec1475 throne1593 mulai1594 Monarcho1598 sovran1649 sceptre-holder1655 Elohima1682 head of state1873 the Palace1962 c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 5 Of þat heðene folc patriarke ant prince. c1300 St. Dunstan (Laud) 32 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 20 (MED) He dude him sone bringue To þe prince of Engelond, Aþelston, þe kyngue. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 71 (MED) Þe kyng, þe erl, þe prince, þe emperour, þet þe blysse of þe wordle hedden zomtyme, nou ine helle wepeþ and gredeþ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6805 (MED) Missai not prist ne prince [a1400 Gött. preins] o land. ?1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 156 (MED) The indyngnacion of a prince ys dethe. 1536 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 498 We most umbly desyre youre grase to be oure solester to oure prynse. 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Administr. Lordes Supper sig. N.i^v We beseche thee also to saue and defende all Christian kynges, Princes, and gouernours. a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie Archibyschope of Sanctandrous 344, sig. Svij Imprudent Prencis, but discretioun. Hauyng in erth, power Imperiall. 1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 55 Princes are like the heavenly bodies which cause good, or evill times; and which have much veneration, but no rest. 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Prince xv, in tr. N. Machiavelli Wks. 219 In what manner a Prince ought to comport with his Subjects. 1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) v. 176 Being a lewd and vicious Prince, who had delivered himself up to his pleasures. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. viii. 113 Some confessed they owed their Greatness and Wealth to Sodomy or Incest..others to the betraying of their Country or their Prince. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 398 These animals are often sent as presents to the princes of the east. 1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges i. 28 In the good old times..noblemen passed from court to court, seeking service with one prince or the other. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 738/1 The emperor of Russia, the queen of England, and the king of the Belgians are equally princes or monarchs, and the consorts of emperors or kings are princesses. 1954 G. Barker Vision Beasts & Gods in Coll. Poems (1987) 274 I tell you, Angel, that gods die, Princes and gross empire pass. 1989 J. Gallas Pract. Anarchy 66 George said, there is providence in the fall of princes. 2001 Times 8 June ii. 20/2 Astrology has always had a penchant for predicting the fate of kings, princes and politicians. †b. Applied to a female sovereign. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun] > female prince1560 sovereigntess1586 monarchess1594 sovereigness1600 1560 Geste Serm. in H. G. Dugdale Life (1840) App. i. 191 Let us low our prince [sc. Q. Eliz.],..nothing thinking sayeng or doyng that may turne to hyr dyshonor, prayeng all way for hyr long and prosperus reigne. 1581 W. Stafford Compend. Exam. Complaints (1876) i. 29 Yea, the Prince,..as she hath most of yearely Reuenewes,..so should shee haue most losse by this dearth. 1594 Willobie his Auisa iv. f. 7 Cleopatra, prince of Nile. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 511 Another most mighty Prince Mary Queene of Scots. 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico ii. 37 They had now been governed by female Princes for forty years together. 1709 J. Swift Project Advancem. Relig. 23 So excellent a Prince as the present Queen. 1711 tr. Baltadji Mehmed Pasha Let. May in R. Sutton Despatches (1953) 52 To the most Glorious of the Great Princes of the Faith of Jesus..Lady of Honour and Glory, the present Queen of England, Scotland, Ireland and other Countreys. 1734 R. Keith Hist. Affairs Church & State Scotl. v. 59 The Governor seemed to refuse this Privilege to Female Princes. 2. a. A person who or thing which is pre-eminent in a specified class or sphere; the chief; the greatest or best. Usually with of, among. Cf. king n. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind sunOE lordOE princec1225 primatec1384 princessc1390 giant1535 queen1554 first gentleman1584 Prester John1598 arch1605 gigant1610 principate1651 top-stone1659 first lady1677 Shakespeare1821 king1829 prius1882 aristocrat1883 Sun King1971 society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > person in supreme authority princec1225 sovereignc1290 overest1474 supreme1549 supremo1839 c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 572 (MED) Þe cwen Auguste..cleopede to hire Porphire, cnihtene prince. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 109 (MED) Þat oþer feend of onde [= envy] Hys pryns and cheuetayn. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xl. 20 Pharao..recordide among þe metes of þe mayster of botelers & of þe prince of bakers [L. pistorum principis]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28071 (MED) I will first at pride be-gin, Þat prince es of all oþer sin. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v One named Hugh prynce of the medycyns sawe a catte whiche had two hedes. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 47 (MED) I..haues put myn entent to enserche þe book..þe whilke þe Prynce of Philosophers, Aristotel..made and wrate to..Alexander. 1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. x, in Wks. (Parker Soc.) 381 As though you were prince of the Critici or Areopagitae. a1658 J. Cleveland Elegy on Ben Jonson in Poems (1659) 43 Poet of Princes, Prince of Poets (we, If to Apollo, well may pray to thee). 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 373 Des Cartes, the Prince of Philosophy in this Age. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty viii. 47 Sir Christopher Wren,..the prince of architects. 1799 C. Winter Let. in W. Jay Mem. (1843) 28 Mr. Toplady called him [sc. Whitefield] the prince of preachers. 1849 Athenæum 3 Mar. 233/2 [Murillo] the prince of Sevillian painters. 1875 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 18 Aug. Willard himself is a prince among cooks, and master of his business. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 2/1 The prince of Australian reptiles is the black snake. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 3/1 A prince among provincial entertainment-mongers of the humbler order. 1943 Times 8 Jan. 8/1 (advt.) He's the prince of fifth-columnists. 2001 Independent 4 June ii. 8/4 The common-or-garden boxer short, the prince of the undergarment. b. Originally and chiefly U.S. A powerful, influential, or wealthy person; esp. a magnate in a specified industry. Cf. baron n. 2b, king n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > authority > power > [noun] > powerful person or body > powerful person mightfula1325 mightya1382 potestatec1384 mightanda1400 potentatec1475 potent1568 leviathan1606 grandeur1632 strongman1764 huzoor1776 hegemon1829 prince1841 boyar1846 power-holder1854 baron1876 overlord1908 ayatollah1979 1841 J. S. Buckingham Amer. III. 427 Capitalists and merchants [of Boston]..are here called ‘princes’. 1884 Cent. Mag. Sept. 796 At a shady end of the veranda, are seen the railroad king,..the bonanza mine owner, the Texas rancher, and the Pennsylvania iron prince. 1904 ‘O. Henry’ Cabbages & Kings 4 A rubber prince, a sarsaparilla, indigo, and mahogany baron. 1976 T. Gifford Cavanaugh Quest (1977) viii. 137 He was a perfect reflection of the typical Minneapolis power broker, though somewhat better dressed than the grain barons and the department store princes and computer tycoons. 2005 New Yorker 21 A fantasia about a..capitalist prince who produces and directs movies, designs and flies airplanes, and sleeps with dozens of beautiful actresses. c. colloquial (originally and chiefly North American). An admirable or generous man. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [noun] > person or people man of worship1340 worthya1393 anybody1802 prince1864 (the) clean potato1880 righto1908 V.I.P.1933 1864 ‘E. Kirke’ Down in Tennessee v. 66 He's a prince of a fellow. 1911 H. B. Wright Winning of Barbara Worth xvi. 252 Yes sir, gents, I'm here to tell you that that there man, Jefferson Worth, is a prince—a prince. Let me tell you what he done for me. 1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iii. 31 He's crazy about you. He told me he thinks you're a goddam prince. 1966 J. Cleary High Commissioner viii. 164 ‘You have a lot of time for him, haven't you?’ ‘They don't come any better. He's a prince, you know?’ 2004 Sporting News 22 Nov. 45 ‘He is probably one of the finest men I have ever known.’ It is a common feeling... He is a prince of a man. 3. a. A person who has the chief authority in any society or group; a ruler, commander, governor; (also) a tribal chief or ruler. Cf. duke n. 1c.Originally in Biblical translations and allusions; later chiefly in historical contexts, or merged with spec. use at sense 6. †prince of priests n. obsolete chief priest, high priest. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] waldendeOE prince?c1225 ordainerc1300 tyranta1340 prefecta1382 rulera1382 wieldera1382 corner of the people1382 lordshipperc1384 governora1393 moderatora1398 wieldinga1400 leader of lawsc1400 regent1415 governailc1440 dominatorc1450 reignera1464 regnanta1500 gubernator1522 despot1562 shepherd1577 swayer1598 Sophy1599 most mastera1616 Govr.1620 Gov.1630 archon1735 society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] alderOE patriarchc1200 prince?c1225 chief1587 top1615 chieftain1837 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > [noun] bishopc893 prelate?c1225 prince of priests?c1225 high priestc1400 pontificala1450 emperor clerkc1475 gentleman untrial1486 dignitya1525 Aaron1565 hierarch1574 presul1577 monsignor1579 church governor1588 pontiff1589 archbishop1600 monseigneur1601 monsignor1611 sheikh1613 protomist1619 Mar1622 hyperochality1637 protarch1654 pontifex1655 prelatical1658 dignitary1672 hierophanta1676 Monsig.1698 ecclesiarch1781 arch-pontiff1790 Mgr1848 Msgr.1868 patriarch- society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > ruler of principality prince?c1225 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 45 Þerefter of þet ilke weren..hire breðren swa noble princes as ha weren vtlaȝen imakede. c1300 St. Nicholas (Laud) 215 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 246 (MED) Þe Aumperour nam þre grete louerdingues..to fiȝten a-ȝein is fon; Þis þreo princes..in þe se forth i-wenden to fiȝten a-ȝein is wyþerwynes. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xviii. 8 Crispe sothli, prince of the synagoge [L. archisynagogus], bileuyde to the Lord. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 16903 (MED) Þe prince o preistes o þair lagh went to þat monument And sperd it wit a mikel stan. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 106 (MED) Iacob hadde xij sones that were the princes of xij lynages. a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 46 (MED) The prynce [sc. Pilate] calleth you. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxxvi. E Thus are the princes of Esau called in their kynreds, places & names. 1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) 39 Then they brougt vs to their village in the iland called, Roanoac, and vnto their Weroans or Prince. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 16 The People..were contained under their ten Tribes, houses or families; whereof the first born in each was Prince of his Tribe, and had the leading of it. 1763 J. Bell Trav. from St. Petersburg I. 123 This unfortunate gentleman was the son of a petty prince, or chief of a tribe in Tzerkessia. 1769 J. Brown Dict. Holy Bible I. 111/1 On them [sc. eastern asses] did the princes of Israel..generously send back the Jewish captives that were unfit for travel. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 3 The power of the Vergobret, or Prince of each tribe, was absolute. 1965 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 26 495 A Prince of Potus, when promised a gift by Nero, requested that he should be granted the services of a well-known mimer. 2002 E. A. Gargan River's Tale iii. 84 A prince of a tribe called the Mengshe established the Nanzhao kingdom. †b. A spiritual power. Cf. sense 4. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] godeOE deityc1374 higher powerc1384 princec1384 divinityc1386 governorc1400 powerc1425 numen1495 fear1535 heaven1554 godheada1586 godhood1586 landlorda1635 supreme1643 supercelestial1652 supernal1661 universality1681 father1820 unspeakable1843 Molimo1861 Mlimo1897 superperson1907 somebody up there1972 sky fairy1997 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Eph. vi. 12 Stryuynge is not to vs aȝens fleisch and blood, but aȝens the princes [L. principes, Gk. ἀρχαι] and potestatis, aȝens gouernours of the world of thes derknessis [Tyndale, Cranmer, etc. rule; Geneva rulers; Rheims Princes, 1611 principalities]. 4. a. Applied to Satan; esp. in phrases, as prince of darkness, prince of hell (formerly also †prince of the air, †prince of this world, etc.). Cf. Black Prince n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as ruler princea1325 Black Prince1582 arch-fiend1667 a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 212 (MED) Now worþ þe prince of þis worlde out ycast and ywent. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xii. 31 Now the prince of this world [L. princeps huius mundi] schal be cast out. c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 155 (MED) Þe prince of þe world is iuged. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 295 (MED) His sawle was broght vnto þe prince of Hell. ?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iii^v O prince of hell Feutred in fashyon abominable. 1582 A. Fleming tr. A. Autpertus Monomachie of Motiues xvij. 195 Hell fire, the kingdome of the blacke prince of darknes.] a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. v. 42 The blacke prince sir, alias the prince of darkenesse, alias the diuell. View more context for this quotation 1653 R. Codrington Lloyd's Marrow of Hist. (new ed.) 3 That..Princes should be so misguided by the Prince of the ayr. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 185 Jesus..Saw Satan fall like Lightning down from Heav'n, Prince of the Aire. View more context for this quotation 1738 S.-Carolina Gaz. 30 Mar. 2/1 Satan..was acknowledged and adored as a supream and mighty Power, with Expressions of a true and faithful Allegiance to the Prince of Darkness. 1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. xlv. 318 The Prince of Darkness will soon unfold the leaves of your abominations. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. ix. 143 He saluted Rowena by doffing his velvet bonnet, garnished with a golden broach, representing St Michael trampling down the Prince of Evil. 1875 J. D. Lang Hist. Acct. New S. Wales (ed. 4) I. xi. 393 If Her Majesty could have commissioned the Prince of Darkness to represent her in the Colony.., I doubt not but his sable Excellency would have received a Farewell Address of respect. 1933 Mod. Lang. Notes 48 421 The man..who appears in these comments..is somewhat more at home with the rebel and recusant Prince of Hell. 1991 R. R. McCammon Boy's Life ii. v. 146 Your sons and daughters inflamed by this garbage, and Satan just a-laughin' at us all!..You think we here are safe from the prince of darkness? b. Applied to Jesus Christ; esp. as Prince of Peace. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > as prince or ruler Prince of Peacea1375 master1548 archemaster1570 fifth monarch1660 hierarch1855 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1168 (MED) Ful pitousli þan preiede he to þe prince of heuene forto giif him grace. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. ix. 6 His name shal ben clepid merueilous, counseiler..prince of pes [L. princeps pacis]. a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) 886 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 56 (MED) I preye þe, prince of pees, Helpe me þat I summe teris hadde, That goostly fruyte encrees. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 161 (MED) Hit is meruaile to men þat mountes to litelle Towarde þe prouidens of þe prince þat paradis weldes. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 214 Emanuel Prince of Peace, and a great lover of the Town of Mansoul, I do..grant, and bequeath to my beloved Town of Mansoul. c1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 75 The Prince of Peace rejects them with abhorrence. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad liii. 573 History is full of..blood that was shed because of the respect and the veneration in which the men held the last resting-place of the meek and lowly, the mild and gentle, Prince of Peace! 1985 Church Army Rev. June No. 11. 10/2 Men..are faced with the challenge of a loving God who sent His Son to be the Prince of Peace. c. Denoting an angel or celestial being of high rank, esp. the archangel Michael; in plural = principality n. 5. Cf. sense 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > order of > principalities aldershipsOE ealdordomsOE princec1384 principatec1384 princehooda1425 princedom1667 principality1756 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. x. 13 Mychael, oon of the first princis [L. principibus], came in to myn help. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. x. 21 No man is myn helper in alle these thingis, no bot Miȝhel, ȝour prince [L. princeps]. 1566 T. Becon New Postil f. 42^v How God sent his angels, euen that great Princes, to preach vnto two or thre shepheards. 1687 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II (ed. 2) II. vii. 319 These Guardian Angels seem to have been Archangels, or the Princes of the distinct Orders of Angels. 1790 J. Bell Serm.Preached before Univ. Glasgow ix. 235 The prince of that host, even Michael the archangel. 1854 F. W. Faber Oratory Tunes lxv. 55 in Oratory Hymns & Tunes Hail, bright Archangel! Prince of Heaven! 1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iii. 128 The archangel Michael, the prince of the heavenly host, appeared glorious and terrible against the sky. 2000 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 59 117 An altar dedicated to the glory of Michael, prince of the archangels. 5. In phrases and proverbs, as to live like a prince, put not your trust in princes (and variants, after Psalm 146, verse 3), as happy as a prince, etc. ΚΠ c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxlv. 2 Ne will ȝe nouȝt affien in princes, in mennes sones, in which non helþe nys. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms cxlv. 3 Wileþ not trosten in princis: ne in þe sones of men in whiche is not helþe.] 1487 Thewis Gud Women (St. John's Cambr.) 4 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 81 Quhilk..makis pouer women princes peir. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 948 Better it is to trust in God then in Princes. 1589 R. Greene Spanish Masquerado sig. C3^v The iollie fellowes that once in England liued like Princes in their Abbeies and Frieries. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. 4 It is a true saying of the Philosopher, Like Prince, like people. 1649 W. Prynne Substance Speech House of Commons 76 Put not your trust in Princes... It is better to trust in the Lord, then to put confidence in men or Princes, have been my Maxims. 1660 S. Pepys Diary 1 Nov. (1970) I. 280 We came to Sir Wm. Battens, where he lives like a prince. 1714 J. Adams Ahab's Evil 25 Obscene Discourses every where abounding, which could not otherwise be expected, when we had so great a Person for our Pattern; for like Prince, like People. 1776 H. Cowley Runaway ii. iv. 23 You have set my heart at rest—I am as happy as a Prince. 1784 R. Bage Barham Downs II. 353 Your holy David, I think, advised you not to put your trust in princes. 1804 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 33/2 If I..would send..a pound of good tobacco, I should make her husband as happy as a Prince. 1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 132 My ma used to put on her specs and say, ‘Peter, my son, put not your trust in princes’. 1868 E. Yates Rock Ahead III. iii. iii. 66 ‘Princes and women must not be contradicted’, says the proverb. 1931 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 24 Jan. 30/5 Mennen Baby Talcum..swiftly soaks up all moisture—leaving baby velvety-smooth, dry, happy as a prince. 1997 Independent (Nexis) 31 July e6 It wasn't living like a prince but I wasn't worried about money. 2004 Hist. Today (Nexis) 1 Sept. 31 For moralists it was a classic example of the fickleness of fortune. ‘Put not your trust in princes’ was the lesson. II. Specific uses. 6. The ruler of a principality or small state actually, nominally, or originally subject to a king or emperor.In origin apparently a spec. use of 3a: see notes there and in etymology. ΚΠ c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11484 (MED) Lewelin, prince of walis, robbede mid is route Þe erles lond of gloucetre in walis aboute. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 187 (MED) Kyng John mariede his baast douȝter to Lewelyn, prince of Wales. c1432 in PMLA (1934) 49 458 On Whytsunday þe prince of Orynge and þe Duke of Burgoyne coome toward þe kyng. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 118 And all this yat we say of the king, we say of othir princis, yat ar princis jn thair awin contreis, hafand nane atour thame jn souerayntee, as is the Erle of fois, the quhilk is prince of bearn, jn the quhilk he has preuilegis of Emperour. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. liiij^v The Princes that were of the confederacie and league of Sweland..were these, Cesar as Prince of Austriche [etc.]. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 193 Not onely the Emperour, but also many Princes of Germany..haue Kingly power in their owne Dominions, and these absolute Princes are so many in number, as a passenger in each dayes iourney, shall obserue one or two changes of Prince, Money and Religion. 1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage xxiii. 235 All those Moneys which he [sc. the Emperor] drew by way of assistance from the King of Spain, or from the Pope, or from other Princes of Italy. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Prince is also used for a Person who is Sovereign in his own Territory; yet holds from some other, as his Superior, or Lord, and pays Homage or Tribute to him. Thus all the Princes of Germany are Feudataries of the Emperor. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. i. 398 The court of Rome had disobliged some of the smaller princes in the northern parts of Germany. View more context for this quotation 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 371 The hostility of the most able and prudent of all the princes of the empire was provoked. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 738/2 Princes regarded as the political chiefs of states are inferior to emperors and kings, and not necessarily superior to reigning grand-dukes or dukes. 1900 Whitaker's Almanack 456/1 Native States of India... The States are governed by their native Princes, Ministers, or Councils, with the help and under the advice of a political officer of the Supreme Government. 1937 R. Kipling Something of Myself iii. 44 Visits of Viceroys to neighbouring Princes on the edge of the great Indian desert. 2005 Independent (Nexis) 13 July 20 The Prince of Monaco is one of the few absolute monarchs left on the planet. 7. A male member of a royal family other than a reigning king (†in early use also a princess); esp. in the United Kingdom, a son or grandson of a monarch (also as a prefixed title).Originally in Prince of Wales, a title of the deposed Welsh rulers conferred (from the 14th cent. on) upon the eldest surviving son of the King or Queen of England, the epithet prince being later extended to all male children of the reigning British royal family and, eventually, those of other countries: see note in etymology. prince of the blood (royal): see blood n. 7. Prince Consort: the husband of a reigning female sovereign who is himself a prince; spec. Prince Albert (1819–1861), the consort of Queen Victoria. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s) > prince athelingOE princea1350 realc1440 riala1450 serenissimo1665 serenissime1881 a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 13 Ȝef þe prince of walis his lyf habbe mote, hit falleþ þe kyng of fraunce bittrore þen þe sote. c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 717 (MED) Hit was Edward þe þridde, þe noble kniht; Þe prince, his sone, bar vp his helm. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) Prol. 102 (MED) In euery part the tarage is the same, Lyche his fader of maneris and of name..Called Henry ek, the worthy prynce of Walys. 1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxxxii The lordschip and landis..quhilkis war gevin..to our said soverane lady..quhil the age of our said lord the prince. a1500 Let. in Memorials St. Edmund's Abbey (1896) 3 260 (MED) Thomas Walber, clerc, and John Bertram, attorneys of the noble prince Thomas, late duc of Excestre. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ix On Newyeres daye, the first day of Ianuary, the Quene was deliuered of a Prince. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. iv. f. 102/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The tytle of Prince doth peculiarly belong to the Kinges eldest sonne... The Kinges yonger sonnes be but gentlemen by byrth, till they haue receyued creation of hygher estate to bee eyther Uiscontes, Earles or Dukes; & called after their names, as Lord Henry, or Lorde Edwarde. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 83 Health to my soueraigne,..Prince Iohn your sonne doth kisse your graces hand. View more context for this quotation 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 178 After the Conquest, no speciall title more then Primogenitus filius Regis was for the Prince, vntill the name of Prince of Wales came to him. a1640 P. Massinger Parl. of Love (1976) i. a. 21 Next vnto the princes of the blood The eyes of all are fixd on you. 1703 J. Barnes Good Old Way 12 His Royal Highness, the Prince Consort. 1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. vii. 103 By the Articles of Marriage, he is declared to be received as one of the Princes of the Blood-Royal of England. 1785 Earl of Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. II. 122 The King desired the Prince of Wales to send in an Exact Statement of his debts, giving him to understand he would liquidate them. 1839 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 513/2 The husband of a queen regnant, as Prince George of Denmark was to Queen Anne, is her subject. 1851 C. Babbage Exposition of 1851 (ed. 2) iii. 22 Even the presidency of the Prince-Consort has not yet raised it to its due position in the public opinion. 1879 V. Lush Jrnl. 23 Apr. (1975) 211 The death of the Prince Imperial of France. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 738/2 In England..it was considered necessary only about a quarter of a century ago to make express provision by royal authority that the titles of ‘prince’ and ‘princess’ should be enjoyed by the children of the sons as well as by the sons and daughters of any sovereign of the United Kingdom. 1925 F. Newman Rachel & her Children in Amer. Mercury May 93/2 Sally had been very tired of..always sitting with her back to the horses like an inconsequential Prince Consort. 1971 French Hist. Stud. 7 35 There were no less than twelve..adult Princes of the Blood alive at the time. 2005 Scotsman (Nexis) 18 Nov. 18 He gave riding lessons to..the young princes. 8. a. In full Prince of the (Holy Roman) Church. A Cardinal; the title given to a Cardinal; (also occasionally) any high ranking member of the clergy. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > cardinal > [noun] cardinallOE redcap?1539 carnalc1540 prince1581 red hat1598 purple father1615 national1625 eminence1653 eminency1670 nationist1670 redshank1824 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 948 Better it is to trust in God then in Princes, not onely in the Princes of the worlde, but in the Princes of the Church. 1646 J. Howell Lustra Ludovici 159 He had also the attribut of Eminence given him..to distinguish and peculiarize him from other Cardinals, and Princes of the Church. 1712 L. Howel View of Pontificate 317 The Owner and Professor of these Tenets was protected and follow'd by the Princes of the Church; (for such the Cardinals now began to be). 1842 F. W. Faber Foreign Churches ii. 268 It has been asserted..that among the higher orders of society in the Papal States another party has been formed, which includes..a few of the princes of the Church. 1901 Walker & Burrow Cdl. Newman x. 145 His body was laid in state with the insignia of a Prince of the Holy Roman Church. 1994 R. Hellenga Sixteen Pleasures v. 93 The idea that nuns might be scholars has never sat very well with the princes of the church. †b. Used in certain situations as a title of courtesy for a duke, marquis, or earl. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] yea1225 my Lordc1300 seigniorc1330 squire1382 noblessec1390 lordship1394 grace1423 gentlenessc1425 magnificencec1425 noblenessc1425 greatness1473 worshipc1475 your mightinessa1500 excellency?1533 celsitude1535 altitude1543 Your Honour1551 sublimity1553 excellencea1592 captal1592 gentleperson1597 clemencya1600 gravity1618 grace1625 grandeur1632 eximiousness1648 professorship1656 prince1677 excellenceshipc1716 Graceship1804 seigniorship1823 valiancy1828 your seignorie1829 1677 J. Logan Analogia Honorum ii. iv. 33/1 A Duke hath the Title of Grace; and being written unto is styled, Most High, Potent, and Noble Prince. 1702 E. Chamberlayne Present State Eng. iii. iii. 281 Marquis... His Title is Most Noble, Most Honourable, and Potent Prince. 1848 Times 14 Aug. 1/1 The Most noble and Puissant Prince, his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, is at this moment an absolutely ruined and destitute man. 1898 Whitaker's Titled Persons Introd. 11 The style of a Marquess is ‘Most Honourable’, not ‘Most Noble’, though it is stated that in some formal descriptions both he and an Earl may be termed ‘Most Noble and Puissant Prince’. c. The English rendering of various titles of nobility in some (esp. Continental European) countries. Also as a prefixed title. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for rank below duke prince1908 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The moment the Pope is elected, all his Relations become Princes. 1820 M. Edgeworth Let. 14 May in M. Edgeworth in France & Switzerland (1979) 128 My dear little pocket Prince de Beauvoau for me!—worth all the Russian bears and giants put together. 1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 275 Prince Gabriel de Gagarin. This Prince held a high office at Moscow,—that of ‘Procureur de Senat’. 1885 Whitaker's Almanack 322/1 The German Empire... Chancellor, Otto, Prince Bismarck. 1908 N.E.D. (at cited word) Prince... A title of nobility in some foreign countries, which, in Germany (when representing Fürst), France, Italy, Belgium, Holland, now ranks next below duke. 1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria iv. 97 The Duke had one other child—Prince Ernest. 1967 Encycl. Philos. VII. 260/2 The most important of the Russian Schellingians were Professor D. M. Vellanski..and Prince V. F. Odoyevski. 1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 35/3 Kukrit himself is a rajawongse , a title loosely translated [from Thai] as prince, but in fact meaning a king's great-grandson. 2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Oct. 8 Mr. Borghese has largely played down his title, prince, and his link to the noble Borghese family. †III. In extended uses. 9. Chess. = bishop n. 5. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > bishop alphin1562 bishop1562 prince1562 archer1656 1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Aiiii The Bishoppes some name Alphius, some fooles, and some name them Princes [Fr. princes]. 1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Avj Of the Bishop or Archer... The Spaniardes named him prince [Fr. prince; It. e detto delfino che vuole dire principe]..for..he is nerer vnto the King and the Quene then any other of the Cheastmen. 10. A queen bee. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > queen bee kinga1398 rectora1398 king bee1565 master bee1579 prince1609 queen1609 queen bee1609 queen mother1753 mother queen1817 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A2^v If they have many Princes, as when two fly away with one swarme, or when two swarmes are hived together; they strike one of them presently. 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) v. sig. N2 I obserued once, that the Prince being scarce ready, fell downe from the stoole vnable to recouer hir wings: whereupon the swarme returned. She being put into the Hiue, the next day the swarme rose againe and setled. Compounds C1. a. Appositive, in the sense ‘that is a prince’, as prince-abbot, prince-angel, prince-duke, prince-god, prince-infanta, prince-poet, prince-pope, prince-priest, prince-primate, prince-teacher, etc. Cf. prince-bishop n., prince-elector n., Prince Regent n. ΚΠ 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico x. 19 Whether the King would allow him place, as a Prince-Infanta within the Cloth of State. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lix. 116 Apollo..created him Prince-Poet, and..gave him the Royal Ensigns used to be given to Poets Laureat. 1679 C. Ness Protestant Antidote Popery 92 That Prince-fowl of the air, the Devil. 1794 Times 24 June 3/2 His brother, the Prince Primate, still resides in the palace with him. 1865 T. F. Knox tr. Life H. Suso 28 As if he were a prince-angel. 1866–7 S. Baring-Gould Curious Myths Middle Ages (1894) 47 The papal epistle..assures the Eastern Prince-Pope that his Christian professions are worthless, unless he submits to the successor of Peter. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxi. 1 Sire and prince-patriarch of hungry starvelings. 1947 A. Einstein Music Romantic Era xviii. 353 A friend of Padre Martini's, the prince-abbot of St. Blasien, Martin Gerbert. 1995 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Apr. b7/1 He wrote a major biography of the Montenegrin prince-poet, Njegos. b. General attributive with sense ‘of a prince, princely’. † prince-dish n. Obsolete ΚΠ a1618 J. Sylvester Wood-mans Bear (1620) xxxvii. sig. B3 In the Crofte so faire and pleasant, Harbor of the Prince-dish Pheasant. prince-humour n. ΚΠ 1611 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) i. iv. 102 Rare Artizan, deep-reaching Politician, Fortunat Marchant, fine Prince-humour-pleaser.] 1908 N.E.D. at Prince sb. Prince-humour. c. Objective. prince-killer n. ΚΠ 1602 T. Fitzherbert Apol. 39 For manquellars and princekillers, traytours, and homicides. 2002 Southland (N.Z.) Times (Nexis) 26 Aug. 6 A few dummies..thought they were voting for the Lionheart from the Crusades, not the hunchbacked prince-killer in need of a horse. prince-killing adj. ΚΠ 1595 W. Covell Polimanteia sig. T A Queene..more valiant then prince-killing Judith. 1629 M. Sutcliffe True Relation Englands Happinesse 327 Angelikes, Carpocratians..Prince-killing circumcellions, and Assassins..and diuers others..haue bene condemned and punished for heretikes. 1980 Performing Arts Jrnl. 4 141 Richard the third..the prince-killing king. prince-pleaser n. ΚΠ 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. viii. 13 Poesie was a delicate arte, and the Poets them selues cunning Princepleasers. a1610 T. Rogers Leicester's Ghost in Leicester's Common-wealth (1641) 11 Are there not some among you Parasites, Time-servers, and observers of no measure, Prince-pleasers, people-pleasers, hypocrites. 2001 Times (Nexis) 8 June Nostradamus also predicted his own demise. He too was an able prince-pleaser. † prince-queller n. Obsolete (queller n. 1.) ΚΠ 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxv^v The people..found out the princequellers, and theim brought to straight prisone. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiiij^v Our posterite shal be reproued as children of Homecides, ye of Regicides & prince quellers. 1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word 66 They be princequellers, king-killers, and the lyke. † prince-treacher n. Obsolete (treacher n. a.) ΚΠ 1599 J. Sylvester Miracle of Peace 39 The 'erst-most-prince-loyall people..Are now Prince-treachers. prince-worship n. ΚΠ 1869 Times 9 Aug. 10/2 Prince worship seems to be a very aguish kind of thing, for it has its hot and cold fits. 1892 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 4th Ser. 357 I suspect that this habit of princeworship is one of the special evils of a constitutional monarchy. 2004 W. F. Bertolette German Stereotypes in Brit. Mag. (Ph.D. thesis, Louisiana State Univ.) in etd.lsu.edu (2006) 20 Feb. (O.E.D. Archive) England's evolution from Protestant prince-worship to ‘civil courage’ through martyrdom, exile and Puritan parliamentary opposition indicates [etc.]. d. Instrumental, similative, etc. † prince-fit adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1607 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas II. Posthumus Bartas i. 1 Heroike force, and Prince-fit forme withall [Fr. Vne force heroique, vne Auguste beauté], Honor the Scepter of courageous Saul. 1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iv. 197 From Powdred Tresses, from forc't Apish Graces, From Prince-fit Pompe. † prince-graced adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 213 Through Newberie, and Prince-grac't Aldermarston. † prince-loyal adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1599 J. Sylvester tr. J. Du Nesme Miracle Peace in Fraunce 39 The 'erst-most-prince-loyall people..Are now Prince-treachers. a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) ii. iii. 407 Therfore, O Peers, Prince-loyall Paladines, True-noble Nobles, lay-by by-Designes. prince-protected adj. ΚΠ a1864 W. S. Landor Count Julian (1892) i. ii. 7 The rank ignoble heads Of plundering faction soon unite again, And prince-protected share the spoil at rest. † prince-proud adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 332 The airie tops Of Prince-proud towers in her black womb she wraps. prince-ridden adj. ΚΠ 1852 G. H. Calvert Scenes & Thoughts in Europe 2nd Ser. xviii. 147 He..is not fit fully to represent this great self-governing country in prince-ridden Europe. 1865 Times 9 Nov. 8/2 If there be traditions of liberty and independence in any part of that prince-ridden country, it is in the Free Cities. 2001 Daily Mail (Nexis) 4 Oct. 13 The prince-ridden, allegedly theocratic House of Saud..has no interest in human rights as defined by the West. † prince-trodden adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1652 Persuasive to Compliance 16 His poor prince-trodden people. C2. Compounds with prince's. † prince's cord n. Obsolete a fabric, probably resembling corduroy. ΚΠ 1794 Proc. Old Bailey 15 Jan. 266/2 Joseph Dolphin was indicted for stealing..twenty two yards of prince's cord. 1798 Times 26 Sept. 1/4 (advt.) (table) Prince's cord or satinet ditto... Superfine blue pantaloons. 1810 Sporting Mag. 36 240 White Prince's-cord breeches. prince's mixture n. now rare a kind of snuff scented with attar of roses. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > snuff > [noun] > types of high-dried1681 Spanish1681 roderigo1692 bergamot1701 musty1709 myrtle1715 Portuguesea1721 rappee?1726 Scotch1739 macoubac1740 blackguard1782 Irish1806 Lundyfoot1811 prince's mixture1813 cephalic1828 taddy1869 1813 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1949) IX. 255 Real Strasburg, Princes Mixture, and Irish Blaguard. 1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 124 A little rappee or prince's mixture added by way of Sauce. 1876 Amer. Cycl. XV. 783/2 The leading brands of moist snuffs are..prince's mixture, maccoboy,..Dutch carrottee, Grand Cairo, &c. 1969 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 11 Apr. 3/8 Mr. Rose's snuff shop is 100 years old. It has..jars with exotic labels such as..‘Princes Mixture’. prince's pine n. U.S. (a) the pipsissewa, Chimaphila umbellata (family Pyrolaceae); (b) the jack pine, Pinus banksiana (family Pinaceae). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ericaceae (wintergreen and allies) > [noun] wintergreen1525 pyrola1527 limonium1548 rheumatism weed1785 pipsissewa1793 prince's pine1807 king-cure1817 shin-leaf1845 wood-lily1884 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > diuretic > plant-derived pipsissewa1793 prince's pine1807 scoparin1850 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic > plant-derived hypocistisa1425 red sanders1553 sarsaparilla1577 langue de boeuf1615 sarsa1625 zerumbet1640 Winter's cinnamon1673 cascarilla1686 Winteran bark1694 simarouba1733 hypocist1751 Oswego tea1752 yellowroot1755 calumba1789 pipsissewa1793 prince's pine1807 strychnine1819 strychnia1823 false Winter's bark1830 strychnina1838 musk root1844 sumbul root1844 chirayta1847 Cusparia1852 phytin1905 boldo1908 1807 F. Pursh Jrnl. Bot. Excursion (1869) 15 Pyrola umbellata calld here Princess [sic] pine. 1861 H. B. Stowe Pearl of Orr's Island I. v. 32 The prince's pine raised its oriental feather, with a mimic cone on the top. 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 201 Pinus Banksiana... Gray pine. Scrub pine. Prince's pine. 1954 C. J. Hylander Macmillan Wild Flower Bk. 280 Pipsissewa... Also known as Prince's Pine, this is a trailing and somewhat woody perennial. 2005 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 19 June n1 I headed back on the Tobin Harbor Trail, stopping to admire the extravagant flora: curtains of moss, clusters of pearly everlasting, the waxy pink petals of the pipsissewa or ‘prince's pine’. prince's stuff n. now historical a closely-woven black woollen material, originally used for legal and clerical clothing or for mourning. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > ribbed or corded > specific barragan1677 prince's stuff1784 eight-shaft1840 hairline1862 hair-cord1866 grosgrain1869 Janus-cord1881 pincord1919 needlecord1959 1784 Mass. Centinel 16 June 3/3 Tomorrow, will be sold..Calimancoes, Princes Stuff. 1814 Hist. Univ. Oxf. II. 261 The gown of Bachelor of Arts is made of prince's stuff, with a full sleeve. 1825 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1334 The lord mayor of London..the household now all wear black gowns,..made of prince's stuff faced with velvet. 1856 Patents for Inventions: Abridgm. Specif. Weaving 5 Lutherines, rufferines, princes stuffs, or prunellas. 1963 W. N. Hargreaves-Mawdsley Hist. Academical Dress iv. 127 The official material for the gown was ‘Prunello or Prince's Stuff’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). princev. Brit. /prɪns/, U.S. /prɪns/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: prince n. Etymology: < prince n. rare. 1. intransitive and transitive with it. To behave as a prince, act out the role of a prince. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > exhibit or appear in splendour or magnificence [verb (intransitive)] triumph1483 to hold one's state1494 to keep (one's) state1549 princea1592 throne1821 pomp1922 a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. A4^v Ile to the Court, and Ile prince it out. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iii. 85 Nature prompts them In simple and lowe things, to Prince it, much Beyond the tricke of others. View more context for this quotation 1935 E. R. Eddison Mistress x. 186 ‘Nay,’ he said, ‘but I'll prince it out;’ and sat again in the stone chair. 1987 J. Barth Tidewater Tales (1988) 507 This young prince..had been princing along very nicely on the family spread. 1992 Mod. Painters Spring 88/1 Anthony Burgess is dreaming of princing it in Monaco. 2. transitive and reflexive. To make or turn into a prince. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > exhibit or appear in splendour or magnificence [verb (reflexive)] prince1656 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 100 Whose Principles are to Prince themselves, and precipitate al sorts. 1873 D. F. MacCarthy Life is Dream iii. iii. 83 It was you yourselves that thus Sigismundized me and princed me. 2005 Question re John Lennon's Death in rec.music.beatles (Usenet newsgroup) 31 Mar. I figured she meant the frog was John before she princed him. Derivatives princing n. ΚΠ 1658 J. Harrington Prerogative Pop. Govt. ii. v. 81 A Metropolitan..with whom nothing will agree but Princing of it in the Senate. 1925 King Edward VIII. in Sunday Express (2003) 9 Feb. 49/2 I've sailed away from S. Africa after three months wild and strenuous ‘princing’ & travelling. 1996 Printing Impressions (Nexis) Oct. 67 The great Dane [sc. Hamlet]..never had to purchase graphic arts equipment. He knew plenty about princing, but nothing about printing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1225v.a1592
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princen.

Compounds

princev.

Derivatives