prefectn.

Brit.

/ˈpriːfɛkt/, U.S.

/ˈpriˌfɛk(t)/

Forms: Middle English prefette, Middle English–1500s prefecte, Middle English– prefect, 1600s–1800s praefect; Scottish pre-1700 prefec, pre-1700 prefeit, pre-1700 prefet, pre-1700 prefete, pre-1700 1700s– prefect.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prefect; Latin praefectus.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French prefect, French préfet, †préfect commander (end of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), governor in the ancient Roman world (c1216 in Anglo-Norman), administrator in the contemporary world (1494–8), overseer of studies in a religious college (1622), chief administrative officer of a department of France (1793), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin praefectus holder of a public office (civil or military), governor of a province or city, overseer, commander, in post-classical Latin denoting a variety of officials (in British and continental sources), use as noun of past participle of praeficere to set over, place in authority over < prae- pre- prefix + facere to make, constitute, appoint (see fact n., int., and adv.). Compare Old Occitan prefeyt governor in the ancient Roman world (mid 13th cent.), prefet governor in the ancient Roman world (also as prefect), contemporary governor (15th cent.; Occitan prefècte), Catalan †prefet governor in the ancient Roman world (a1416), contemporary governor (1460, now prefecte), Spanish prefecto governor in the ancient Roman world (c1270), administrator in the contemporary world (1499), overseer of studies in a religious college (1576), Portuguese prefeito governor in the ancient Roman world, overseer of studies in a college (14th cent.), Italian prefetto governor in the ancient Roman world (a1292), provincial administrator in Italy (1796).With uses in sense 1a compare also classical Latin praefectus urbī civil governor of a province or city, praefectus praetoriī commander of the praetorian troops. In sense 1b after post-classical Latin praefectus as used in the Vulgate. In sense 2c after French préfet. With sense 2d compare Chinese zhīfǔ ; also Japanese chiji , literally ‘know things’ ( < Middle Chinese), short for ken-chiji < ken ken n.⁴ + chiji.

a. Roman History. A senior magistrate or governor in the ancient Roman world; any of various senior Roman civil and military positions, as the chief magistrate of a city, the civil governor of a province, the commander of the praetorian troops, the commander of the fleet, etc.Rendering classical Latin praefectus: see note in etymology.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > prefect

prefectc1380

provosta1382

prefector1611

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > ancient Roman > prefect

prefectc1380

provosta1382

prefector1611

c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 369 Oon Maximus, that was an officer Of the prefectes [v.rr. Prefectis, prefectus; Presidentis], and his corniculer Hem hente.

c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 180 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 64 (MED) Men of Melan To þe prefecte of Rome senden þan.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 436 (MED) On-to Antyoche A tyraunnt, the prefect of that cuntre, From Asiaward proudly dede aproche.

c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 308 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 16 Fra Agrippe, þat prefet was of þat Cite, fowre concubynis he drew a-way.

1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. i. 2/2 Seuerus..diuided the gouernment therof into two Prouinces, and placed two Prefects ouer the same.

1659 R. Brathwait Panthalia 57 Mutius was tax'd of too much ire By th' Roman Prefect.

a1719 J. Addison Evid. Christian Relig. (1733) i. 5 It was the custom in the Roman Empire..for the præfects and viceroys of distant provinces to transmit to their Soveraign a summary relation of every thing remarkable in their administration.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 51 The private apartments of the palace were governed by a favourite eunuch, who, in the language of that age, was styled the præpositus or præfect of the sacred bed-chamber.

1868 W. Smith Smaller Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 7) at Ærarium In b.c. 28, Augustus deprived the quaestors of the charge of the treasury and gave it to two praefects, whom he allowed the senate to choose from among the praetors.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §2. 15 York had been the capital of Britain and the seat of the Roman prefect.

1882 Harper's Mag. June 101/2 The Roman government came to be a close corporation, administering the affairs of the empire through prefects and sub-prefects.

1917 Classical Philol. 12 239 Before Gaius Petronius became Roman prefect of Egypt.

1998 Britannia 29 76 The recipient there [sc. at Vindolanda], who was often the prefect, was a Roman citizen.

b. A similar position or officer elsewhere in the ancient world. Now rare.Chiefly in translations of or references to the Bible; modern English Bibles usually give ‘governor’ for post-classical Latin praefectus in this context.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun]

waldendeOE

prince?c1225

ordainerc1300

tyranta1340

prefecta1382

rulera1382

wieldera1382

corner of the people1382

lordshipperc1384

governora1393

moderatora1398

wieldinga1400

leader of lawsc1400

regent1415

governailc1440

dominatorc1450

reignera1464

regnanta1500

gubernator1522

despot1562

shepherd1577

swayer1598

Sophy1599

most mastera1616

Govr.1620

Gov.1630

archon1735

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Esdras vi. 29 Of þe trauaile of þe tributis of cirie, choeles, & fenyces, diligently a quantite to ben ȝyuyn to þese men, to þe sacrifise of þe lord, to sorobabel, prefect [L. præfecto].

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings xi. 28 Salamon, seeynge þe ȝonge waxen man of good wyt & hable to ben tauȝt, he maade hym a prefect [a1425 L.V. adds ether souereyn] vp on þe lynagis of al þe hous of Joseph.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ii. 48 The kyng..ordeynyde hym vpon alle prouyncis of Babiloyne prince and prefect [a1425 L.V. adds ether cheef iustise], and maister vpon alle wijse men of Babiloyne.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 3 Kings iv. 7 Salomon hadde twelue prefectis [a1425 E.V. ouerseers], ether cheef minystrys, on al Israel, that ȝauen lijflode to the kyng and to his hows.

1970 Bible (New Eng.) Dan. ii. 48 The king promoted Daniel..and made him regent over the whole province of Babylon and chief prefect over all the wise men of Babylon.

a. In the medieval and modern world: a person holding any of various positions of command or superintendence, as a governor, a director, a police or civil magistrate, a mayor, etc.Now used chiefly with reference to continental Europe, and often representing a translation or rendering of the word used locally for the office in question, as Spanish prefecto, Italian prefetto, etc. (see also the spec. use at sense 2c).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > prefect

prefect?a1439

eparch1656

prefetto1676

drossard1678

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 1850 (MED) Al the poweer of Parthos tho kam doun, With many prefect in that mortal rage.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Radegunde (c1525) sig. e.i (heading) She apperyd y^e same houre to a noble prefect.

?1587 R. Southwell Epist. Comfort xv. f. 200^v Flaccus the Prefect after the martrydome of Gregorye Byshoppe of Spoleto, stroken by an Angell did vomit out his intrailes.

1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime iii. 13 Father Darcy, Præfect of the Sodalitium Beatæ Mariæ, and the refectory.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (xxii. Paraphr.) 123 The Psalm thus composed by David, was committed to the Præfect of his Musick.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 305 Andrea Cornelio,..prætor of Verona, prefect of Bressia, proveditor-general of the army on the Venetian Terra ferma.

1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. viii. 174 Each province [of Iceland] was subdivided into three Prefectures, which had their respective Judges or Prefects.

1850 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) xvi. 72 The prefect of Ammon, with 5000 men, was near at hand.

1888 J. J. Webb Adventures in Santa Fe Trade (1931) 192 We were notified to take them before the prefect's court for trial.

1914 World (N.Y.) 3 Aug. 3/4 Meanwhile all prefects in the kingdom [of Italy] have warned the press not to publish any military news.

1991 Past & Present Aug. 73 As the prefect of Bari was reminded, ‘The most unfortunate sanitary circumstances prevailing in Barletta are known to everyone.’

b. Roman Catholic Church. Frequently with capital initial. A cardinal presiding over a congregation or other department of the Roman Curia. More fully Cardinal Prefect.

ΚΠ

1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. iii. 86 The office of the Prefect of the Signature of Justice, is executed by a Cardinal.

1796 in L. Antonelli Lett. 26 (heading) Extract of a letter from his Eminence Cardinal Gerdill, Prefect of the Congregation of Propaganda, to Monseig. Erskine in London.

1877 Catholic World Oct. 18 There is, perhaps, no position in the church, after that of the papal chair, so important..as the one occupied by the cardinal prefect of the Propaganda.

1889 Polit. Sci. Q. 4 363 Cardinal Simeoni, prefect of the Propaganda, sent to Cardinal Gibbons, in November, a communication.

1912 Catholic Encycl. 13 at Roman Curia The Signatura now consists of six cardinals, appointed by the pope, one of whom is its prefect.

1974 World Politics 26 545 He appointed diocesan bishops as voting members of the various curial Congregations and foreshadowed the introduction of non-Italian cardinals as prefects of the curial Congregations.

2002 Time 17 June 60/1 Did I come away believing that every Curial prefect and secretary that we spoke with understood American civil law? No.

c. The chief administrative officer of a department of France. Prefect of Police n. [after French préfet de police (1800)] the head of the police administration in Paris (and the surrounding area), Lyons, and Marseilles.Rendering French préfet: cf. préfet n.

ΚΠ

1800 J. S. Girdler Observ. Pernicious Consequences Forestalling 68 This decree contains several inferior regulations, and is signed by the Prefect of the Police.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VI. ii. 38 These prefects..were each the supreme governor of a department, answering to the old lieutenants and governors of counties.

1861 Sat. Rev. 23 Nov. 523/2 The experiment..seems to have satisfied the Emperor [sc. Napoleon III] that he can rely upon his faithful prefects to supply him with a Chamber which will relieve him of the odium of extravagance without diminishing his power to squander.

1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 261 I have to present your Highness with this billet from the Prefect of Police.

1943 J. D. Carr Emperor's Snuff-box viii. 79 The prefect of police wore a bowler hat which accentuated his bulbousness and carried a malacca stick.

1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Record) 9/4 Opposition was so great at Toulouse that the departmental Prefect sought permission to augment police forces with troops.

1990 J. Rose Modigliani (BNC) 108 She decided to brave it out and applied for permission from the Prefect of Police.

d. The head or governor of a Chinese or Japanese prefecture (prefecture n. 2b).In China the post was abolished by the new Republic in early 1912. In Japan now usually called a prefectural governor or simply governor. See also note in etymology.

ΚΠ

1853 Debow's Rev. Apr. 361/2 Opium, however, still continued to be sold, the Hong merchants, prefects and other officers aiding in all possible ways.

1883 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 442 In very early times the city of Wu-ming-hsien, in the department of Mei-yu-fu, in Central China, was administered by a Prefect of more than usual energy and discrimination.

1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 5 449 The genial Japanese Prefect of Okinawa, whose very first act..was to call in his charming wife.

1958 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 21 45 The Prefect was in general charge of all governmental affairs in his territory but took action on important matters only with the consent of the provincial authorities.

1985 J. Randle & M. Watanabe Coping with Japan 108 The prefects became directly accountable to voters rather than being appointed by the central government.

1990 Orientations Apr. 76/3 This very rare..piece..was documented and illustrated by Wu Yun, prefect of Suzhou.

†3. figurative. A minister, esp. a ministering angel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who guides

ruddereOE

guyour13..

lodesmanc1300

guya1375

guidec1385

conduct1423

wisserc1440

guiderc1450

conductor1481

convoyer1488

godfather?1541

pilota1560

compeller1587

godmother1593

prefect1608

Mercurialist1635

1608 B. Jonson Descr. Masque Visct. Haddington 162 in Characters Two Royall Masques Venus..is Præfect of Mariage.

a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 251 Angels being Prefects to particular Men; and Archangels to People or Nations.

1705 R. Blackmore Eliza 71 His Minister, His watchful Prefect of Britannia's Isle.

4. In some schools (originally British public schools): any one of a number of senior pupils given authority over and disciplinary responsibility for his or her juniors. Cf. praepostor n., monitor n. 8, and school prefect n. at school n.¹ Compounds 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > prefect or monitor

prepositor1519

monitor1530

nomenclator?1566

propositor1633

praepostor1768

monitress1795

prefect1826

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. i. iii. 18 If any captain of Eton, or præfect of Winchester, is reading these pages.

1876 R. Lowe in Life (1893) I. 10 In the fourth year of my residence at Winchester I became a prefect.

1891 R. G. K. Wrench Winchester Word-bk. Præfects, the senior members of the School, to whom authority is delegated for the management and control of the community. The number of Præfects was eighteen in College, three to each chamber... The ‘Præfect of Tub’..who presided over meals,..and the ‘Præfect of Cloisters’, are obsolete.

1929 C. E. W. Bean Official Hist. Austral. 1914–18 III. 53 The break was no different from that which happens between school-mates at a great public school when one of them becomes a prefect.

1955 E. Blishen Roaring Boys i. 11 He took his prefect's duties with some seriousness.

1989 E. Dunlop Valley of Deer ii. 7 She..began to issue orders in the pleasantly bossy fashion which had led to her being made Senior Prefect.

2005 Toronto Star (Nexis) 12 Jan. e8 A two-time athlete of the year, Ward is also a school prefect, plays clarinet in the school band and has a 90 per cent academic average.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prefect
释义	prefectn. Brit. /ˈpriːfɛkt/, U.S. /ˈpriˌfɛk(t)/ Forms: Middle English prefette, Middle English–1500s prefecte, Middle English– prefect, 1600s–1800s praefect; Scottish pre-1700 prefec, pre-1700 prefeit, pre-1700 prefet, pre-1700 prefete, pre-1700 1700s– prefect. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prefect; Latin praefectus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French prefect, French préfet, †préfect commander (end of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), governor in the ancient Roman world (c1216 in Anglo-Norman), administrator in the contemporary world (1494–8), overseer of studies in a religious college (1622), chief administrative officer of a department of France (1793), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin praefectus holder of a public office (civil or military), governor of a province or city, overseer, commander, in post-classical Latin denoting a variety of officials (in British and continental sources), use as noun of past participle of praeficere to set over, place in authority over < prae- pre- prefix + facere to make, constitute, appoint (see fact n., int., and adv.). Compare Old Occitan prefeyt governor in the ancient Roman world (mid 13th cent.), prefet governor in the ancient Roman world (also as prefect), contemporary governor (15th cent.; Occitan prefècte), Catalan †prefet governor in the ancient Roman world (a1416), contemporary governor (1460, now prefecte), Spanish prefecto governor in the ancient Roman world (c1270), administrator in the contemporary world (1499), overseer of studies in a religious college (1576), Portuguese prefeito governor in the ancient Roman world, overseer of studies in a college (14th cent.), Italian prefetto governor in the ancient Roman world (a1292), provincial administrator in Italy (1796).With uses in sense 1a compare also classical Latin praefectus urbī civil governor of a province or city, praefectus praetoriī commander of the praetorian troops. In sense 1b after post-classical Latin praefectus as used in the Vulgate. In sense 2c after French préfet. With sense 2d compare Chinese zhīfǔ ; also Japanese chiji , literally ‘know things’ ( < Middle Chinese), short for ken-chiji < ken ken n.⁴ + chiji. 1. a. Roman History. A senior magistrate or governor in the ancient Roman world; any of various senior Roman civil and military positions, as the chief magistrate of a city, the civil governor of a province, the commander of the praetorian troops, the commander of the fleet, etc.Rendering classical Latin praefectus: see note in etymology. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > prefect prefectc1380 provosta1382 prefector1611 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > ancient Roman > prefect prefectc1380 provosta1382 prefector1611 c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 369 Oon Maximus, that was an officer Of the prefectes [v.rr. Prefectis, prefectus; Presidentis], and his corniculer Hem hente. c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 180 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 64 (MED) Men of Melan To þe prefecte of Rome senden þan. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 436 (MED) On-to Antyoche A tyraunnt, the prefect of that cuntre, From Asiaward proudly dede aproche. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 308 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 16 Fra Agrippe, þat prefet was of þat Cite, fowre concubynis he drew a-way. 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. i. 2/2 Seuerus..diuided the gouernment therof into two Prouinces, and placed two Prefects ouer the same. 1659 R. Brathwait Panthalia 57 Mutius was tax'd of too much ire By th' Roman Prefect. a1719 J. Addison Evid. Christian Relig. (1733) i. 5 It was the custom in the Roman Empire..for the præfects and viceroys of distant provinces to transmit to their Soveraign a summary relation of every thing remarkable in their administration. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 51 The private apartments of the palace were governed by a favourite eunuch, who, in the language of that age, was styled the præpositus or præfect of the sacred bed-chamber. 1868 W. Smith Smaller Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 7) at Ærarium In b.c. 28, Augustus deprived the quaestors of the charge of the treasury and gave it to two praefects, whom he allowed the senate to choose from among the praetors. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §2. 15 York had been the capital of Britain and the seat of the Roman prefect. 1882 Harper's Mag. June 101/2 The Roman government came to be a close corporation, administering the affairs of the empire through prefects and sub-prefects. 1917 Classical Philol. 12 239 Before Gaius Petronius became Roman prefect of Egypt. 1998 Britannia 29 76 The recipient there [sc. at Vindolanda], who was often the prefect, was a Roman citizen. b. A similar position or officer elsewhere in the ancient world. Now rare.Chiefly in translations of or references to the Bible; modern English Bibles usually give ‘governor’ for post-classical Latin praefectus in this context. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] waldendeOE prince?c1225 ordainerc1300 tyranta1340 prefecta1382 rulera1382 wieldera1382 corner of the people1382 lordshipperc1384 governora1393 moderatora1398 wieldinga1400 leader of lawsc1400 regent1415 governailc1440 dominatorc1450 reignera1464 regnanta1500 gubernator1522 despot1562 shepherd1577 swayer1598 Sophy1599 most mastera1616 Govr.1620 Gov.1630 archon1735 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Esdras vi. 29 Of þe trauaile of þe tributis of cirie, choeles, & fenyces, diligently a quantite to ben ȝyuyn to þese men, to þe sacrifise of þe lord, to sorobabel, prefect [L. præfecto]. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings xi. 28 Salamon, seeynge þe ȝonge waxen man of good wyt & hable to ben tauȝt, he maade hym a prefect [a1425 L.V. adds ether souereyn] vp on þe lynagis of al þe hous of Joseph. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. ii. 48 The kyng..ordeynyde hym vpon alle prouyncis of Babiloyne prince and prefect [a1425 L.V. adds ether cheef iustise], and maister vpon alle wijse men of Babiloyne. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 3 Kings iv. 7 Salomon hadde twelue prefectis [a1425 E.V. ouerseers], ether cheef minystrys, on al Israel, that ȝauen lijflode to the kyng and to his hows. 1970 Bible (New Eng.) Dan. ii. 48 The king promoted Daniel..and made him regent over the whole province of Babylon and chief prefect over all the wise men of Babylon. 2. a. In the medieval and modern world: a person holding any of various positions of command or superintendence, as a governor, a director, a police or civil magistrate, a mayor, etc.Now used chiefly with reference to continental Europe, and often representing a translation or rendering of the word used locally for the office in question, as Spanish prefecto, Italian prefetto, etc. (see also the spec. use at sense 2c). ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > prefect prefect?a1439 eparch1656 prefetto1676 drossard1678 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 1850 (MED) Al the poweer of Parthos tho kam doun, With many prefect in that mortal rage. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Radegunde (c1525) sig. e.i (heading) She apperyd y^e same houre to a noble prefect. ?1587 R. Southwell Epist. Comfort xv. f. 200^v Flaccus the Prefect after the martrydome of Gregorye Byshoppe of Spoleto, stroken by an Angell did vomit out his intrailes. 1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime iii. 13 Father Darcy, Præfect of the Sodalitium Beatæ Mariæ, and the refectory. 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (xxii. Paraphr.) 123 The Psalm thus composed by David, was committed to the Præfect of his Musick. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 305 Andrea Cornelio,..prætor of Verona, prefect of Bressia, proveditor-general of the army on the Venetian Terra ferma. 1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. viii. 174 Each province [of Iceland] was subdivided into three Prefectures, which had their respective Judges or Prefects. 1850 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) xvi. 72 The prefect of Ammon, with 5000 men, was near at hand. 1888 J. J. Webb Adventures in Santa Fe Trade (1931) 192 We were notified to take them before the prefect's court for trial. 1914 World (N.Y.) 3 Aug. 3/4 Meanwhile all prefects in the kingdom [of Italy] have warned the press not to publish any military news. 1991 Past & Present Aug. 73 As the prefect of Bari was reminded, ‘The most unfortunate sanitary circumstances prevailing in Barletta are known to everyone.’ b. Roman Catholic Church. Frequently with capital initial. A cardinal presiding over a congregation or other department of the Roman Curia. More fully Cardinal Prefect. ΚΠ 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. iii. 86 The office of the Prefect of the Signature of Justice, is executed by a Cardinal. 1796 in L. Antonelli Lett. 26 (heading) Extract of a letter from his Eminence Cardinal Gerdill, Prefect of the Congregation of Propaganda, to Monseig. Erskine in London. 1877 Catholic World Oct. 18 There is, perhaps, no position in the church, after that of the papal chair, so important..as the one occupied by the cardinal prefect of the Propaganda. 1889 Polit. Sci. Q. 4 363 Cardinal Simeoni, prefect of the Propaganda, sent to Cardinal Gibbons, in November, a communication. 1912 Catholic Encycl. 13 at Roman Curia The Signatura now consists of six cardinals, appointed by the pope, one of whom is its prefect. 1974 World Politics 26 545 He appointed diocesan bishops as voting members of the various curial Congregations and foreshadowed the introduction of non-Italian cardinals as prefects of the curial Congregations. 2002 Time 17 June 60/1 Did I come away believing that every Curial prefect and secretary that we spoke with understood American civil law? No. c. The chief administrative officer of a department of France. Prefect of Police n. [after French préfet de police (1800)] the head of the police administration in Paris (and the surrounding area), Lyons, and Marseilles.Rendering French préfet: cf. préfet n. ΚΠ 1800 J. S. Girdler Observ. Pernicious Consequences Forestalling 68 This decree contains several inferior regulations, and is signed by the Prefect of the Police. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VI. ii. 38 These prefects..were each the supreme governor of a department, answering to the old lieutenants and governors of counties. 1861 Sat. Rev. 23 Nov. 523/2 The experiment..seems to have satisfied the Emperor [sc. Napoleon III] that he can rely upon his faithful prefects to supply him with a Chamber which will relieve him of the odium of extravagance without diminishing his power to squander. 1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 261 I have to present your Highness with this billet from the Prefect of Police. 1943 J. D. Carr Emperor's Snuff-box viii. 79 The prefect of police wore a bowler hat which accentuated his bulbousness and carried a malacca stick. 1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Record) 9/4 Opposition was so great at Toulouse that the departmental Prefect sought permission to augment police forces with troops. 1990 J. Rose Modigliani (BNC) 108 She decided to brave it out and applied for permission from the Prefect of Police. d. The head or governor of a Chinese or Japanese prefecture (prefecture n. 2b).In China the post was abolished by the new Republic in early 1912. In Japan now usually called a prefectural governor or simply governor. See also note in etymology. ΚΠ 1853 Debow's Rev. Apr. 361/2 Opium, however, still continued to be sold, the Hong merchants, prefects and other officers aiding in all possible ways. 1883 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 442 In very early times the city of Wu-ming-hsien, in the department of Mei-yu-fu, in Central China, was administered by a Prefect of more than usual energy and discrimination. 1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 5 449 The genial Japanese Prefect of Okinawa, whose very first act..was to call in his charming wife. 1958 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 21 45 The Prefect was in general charge of all governmental affairs in his territory but took action on important matters only with the consent of the provincial authorities. 1985 J. Randle & M. Watanabe Coping with Japan 108 The prefects became directly accountable to voters rather than being appointed by the central government. 1990 Orientations Apr. 76/3 This very rare..piece..was documented and illustrated by Wu Yun, prefect of Suzhou. †3. figurative. A minister, esp. a ministering angel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who guides ruddereOE guyour13.. lodesmanc1300 guya1375 guidec1385 conduct1423 wisserc1440 guiderc1450 conductor1481 convoyer1488 godfather?1541 pilota1560 compeller1587 godmother1593 prefect1608 Mercurialist1635 1608 B. Jonson Descr. Masque Visct. Haddington 162 in Characters Two Royall Masques Venus..is Præfect of Mariage. a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 251 Angels being Prefects to particular Men; and Archangels to People or Nations. 1705 R. Blackmore Eliza 71 His Minister, His watchful Prefect of Britannia's Isle. 4. In some schools (originally British public schools): any one of a number of senior pupils given authority over and disciplinary responsibility for his or her juniors. Cf. praepostor n., monitor n. 8, and school prefect n. at school n.¹ Compounds 1b. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > prefect or monitor prepositor1519 monitor1530 nomenclator?1566 propositor1633 praepostor1768 monitress1795 prefect1826 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. i. iii. 18 If any captain of Eton, or præfect of Winchester, is reading these pages. 1876 R. Lowe in Life (1893) I. 10 In the fourth year of my residence at Winchester I became a prefect. 1891 R. G. K. Wrench Winchester Word-bk. Præfects, the senior members of the School, to whom authority is delegated for the management and control of the community. The number of Præfects was eighteen in College, three to each chamber... The ‘Præfect of Tub’..who presided over meals,..and the ‘Præfect of Cloisters’, are obsolete. 1929 C. E. W. Bean Official Hist. Austral. 1914–18 III. 53 The break was no different from that which happens between school-mates at a great public school when one of them becomes a prefect. 1955 E. Blishen Roaring Boys i. 11 He took his prefect's duties with some seriousness. 1989 E. Dunlop Valley of Deer ii. 7 She..began to issue orders in the pleasantly bossy fashion which had led to her being made Senior Prefect. 2005 Toronto Star (Nexis) 12 Jan. e8 A two-time athlete of the year, Ward is also a school prefect, plays clarinet in the school band and has a 90 per cent academic average. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † prefectv. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin praefect-, praeficere. Etymology: < classical Latin praefect-, past participial stem of praeficere to set over, place in authority over (see prefect n.). Compare earlier prefect n. Obsolete. transitive. To appoint to a position of command or authority. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > appoint to position of command or authority prefect1489 lorda1500 1489 Rolls of Parl. VI. 428/2 Kyng Henry the VI^th..prefected and erected John then Lord Talbott..into Erle of Shrewesbury. 1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII c. 3 §2 Euery suche person..nominated, elected, prefected, presented, collated or..appointed to haue any..promocion spiritual. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lij^v Rycharde Foxe bishop of Durham, was prefected to the bishoprike of Winchestre. 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. 17 The owner of the ship is..charged, because he prefected him, and made him Master. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < n.c1380v.1489
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prefectn.

† prefectv.