presciencen.

Brit.

/ˈprɛsɪəns/, U.S.

/ˈprɛʃ(i)əns/

Forms: Middle English precience, Middle English presciens, Middle English–1500s prescyence, Middle English– prescience, 1600s praescience; Scottish pre-1700 prescianis, pre-1700 presciens, pre-1700 1700s– prescience.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prescience; Latin praescientia.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French prescience (French prescience ) foreknowledge as an attribute of God (late 12th cent. in Old French as presciance ; the use with human beings as subject is apparently not paralleled in French until considerably later (1604 or earlier in sense ‘intuition’, 1765 or earlier in sense ‘knowledge of future events by human beings’)) and its etymon post-classical Latin praescientia foreknowledge (Vetus Latina; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian; < praescient- , praesciens prescient adj. + classical Latin -ia -ia suffix¹); compare -ence suffix. Compare Spanish presciencia (late 14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese presciência (15th cent.), Italian prescienza (a1321), all earliest in sense 1a. Compare later presciency n. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (prī·ʃiĕns) /ˈpriːʃɪəns/, which was the usual pronunciation until the early 20th cent., when pronunciations with /ɛ/ in the first syllable, with either /ʃ/ or /s/ as the medial consonant, are first recorded. Webster (1934) mentions a former pronunciation with the stress on the second syllable.

1. Knowledge of events before they happen; foreknowledge.

a. As an attribute of God.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > [noun]

foreshowinga1050

foreknowingc1374

foreseeingc1374

fore-wit1377

before-knowingc1384

presciencec1384

fore-wittingc1386

presciencec1395

foresight14..

previdence?a1425

prevision?a1425

prenostication?a1450

precognitiona1500

before-witting1532

foreknowledge1535

fore-fetch1554

presciency1572

fore-wisdom1576

prenotion1588

presension1597

prospecta1616

presensation1653

prospiciency1681

prevoyance1767

onsight1838

preview1855

precog1954

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > knowledge or omniscience > types of

presciencec1384

foreknowledge1535

ideality1701

co-consciousness1903

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) 1 Pet. i. 2 Up the prescience [L. secundum præscientiam] or bifore knowinge of God, the fadir.

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1313 What gouernaunce is in this prescience That giltlees tormenteth innocence?

a1450 (a1401) Chastising of God's Children (Bodl.) (1957) 156 (MED) His prescience, þat is to seie on ynglisshe, his forknowynge, puttiþ nat a needeful yuel worchynge to hem þat shul be dampned.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20553 (MED) The cause ys nat..The dyvyne prescyence, But the grete dyfference Ys causyd off good and off badde, Affter the lyff that they her ladde.

1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 787/1 Prescyence of God putteth no necessitie in thinges of their nature conuenient vnto free wyll of man.

1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. iv. 9 Ane man sould not reiect the caus of his auin euil and vickednes to the prescience of god, bot to him self.

1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 106 It is utterly inconsistent with his Prescience and Omniscience.

1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous iii. 161 You might as well argue from the infinite Divisibility of Extension against the Divine Prescience, as..against Immaterialism.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1769 I. 327 Predestination, or what is equivalent to it, cannot be avoided, if we hold an universal prescience in the Deity.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism vii. 331 If we attribute it to the divine prescience.

1861 E. Atherstone Israel in Egypt ii. 27 That which now, o'er nine parts of the globe, Makes mockery of God's prescience.

1938 Jrnl. Relig. 18 195 Divine prescience permits God to know the actions of man but does not determine whether those actions are necessary or free.

1991 UNESCO Courier (Nexis) Apr. 26 The idea of an ‘allocated span’ whose duration is fixed by divine decree—an idea in keeping with the affirmation of God's prescience and omnipotence.

b. As a human faculty or quality: foresight.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > [noun]

foreshowinga1050

foreknowingc1374

foreseeingc1374

fore-wit1377

before-knowingc1384

presciencec1384

fore-wittingc1386

presciencec1395

foresight14..

previdence?a1425

prevision?a1425

prenostication?a1450

precognitiona1500

before-witting1532

foreknowledge1535

fore-fetch1554

presciency1572

fore-wisdom1576

prenotion1588

presension1597

prospecta1616

presensation1653

prospiciency1681

prevoyance1767

onsight1838

preview1855

precog1954

c1395 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 659 And certes if I hadde prescience Youre wyl to know er ye youre lust me tolde, I wolde it doon with outen necligence.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 360 Cassandra..in eche art had experience, Of þingis future fully prescience To telle a-forn what schal betyde.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 962 in Wks. (1931) I O prudent prelatis, quhare was your prescianis, That tuke on hand tyll obserue Chaistytie, But austeir lyfe, laubour, and abstenance?

1584 R. Greene Gwydonius f. 50^v If I had bene indued with this sacred prescience, perfectly to presage of ensuing perilles, I had not ben crossed with such cares as I am like to incur.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 100 Nature hauing endued them with that wonderfull prescience, to auoide the inconueniences, and yet to enioy the benefit of the riuer.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. iii. 10 Are all Pretences to Prescience..delusory and impossible?

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xxxvii. 253 You, who are so famed for prescience, as I may call it, and than whom no young Lady ever had stronger pretensions to a share of it.

1791 E. Burke Let. to Member National Assembly in Wks. (1823) VI. 54 Statesmen of a more judicious prescience, look for the fortunate moment too.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. xiv. 172 I felt an immediate satisfaction and interest in the event, which nothing but a kind of prescience of what happiness I should experience from it, can account for.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. iv. 55 Resources..contingent certainly, so far as our prescience goes.

1926 J. Galsworthy Silver Spoon ii. vii. 162 Boddick, with a sort of prescience, was absent in the coppice.

1993 Globe & Mail Rep. on Business Apr. 26/2 Give Shoppers Drug Mart Ltd. full marks for prescience: Two years ago, the retail chain extended spousal benefits to its gay and lesbian employees.

2. An instance of this.

ΚΠ

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God v. x. 211 For we neither subiect Gods being, nor his præsciences vnto necessity, when wee say God must needes liue eternally, and God must needes fore-know all thinges.

a1763 W. Shenstone Ess. in Wks. (1765) II. 148 We..deny ourselves..natural gratifications, through speculative presciences and doubts about the future.

1791 Mrs. Inchbald Simple Story I. xi. 121 She had a prescience her guardian was going to upbraid her.

1858 Times 26 Aug. 9/2 He..stood and spoke with a subdued tone and demeanour amounting almost to sadness, and as though he had a prescience of the suffering that awaited him.

a1893 A. Webster Portraits (1893) 4 Medea, with her skills, her presciences.

1936 Times 31 Dec. 6/4 Did the cleaners, with a prescience of analysis to come, save the swabs instead of destroying them as waste?

1982 D. Mahon Hunt by Night (1986) 54 The glistening bodies of obscure flamingoes Tranced in a prescience of the life to come.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prescience
释义	presciencen. Brit. /ˈprɛsɪəns/, U.S. /ˈprɛʃ(i)əns/ Forms: Middle English precience, Middle English presciens, Middle English–1500s prescyence, Middle English– prescience, 1600s praescience; Scottish pre-1700 prescianis, pre-1700 presciens, pre-1700 1700s– prescience. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prescience; Latin praescientia. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French prescience (French prescience ) foreknowledge as an attribute of God (late 12th cent. in Old French as presciance ; the use with human beings as subject is apparently not paralleled in French until considerably later (1604 or earlier in sense ‘intuition’, 1765 or earlier in sense ‘knowledge of future events by human beings’)) and its etymon post-classical Latin praescientia foreknowledge (Vetus Latina; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian; < praescient- , praesciens prescient adj. + classical Latin -ia -ia suffix¹); compare -ence suffix. Compare Spanish presciencia (late 14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese presciência (15th cent.), Italian prescienza (a1321), all earliest in sense 1a. Compare later presciency n. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (prī·ʃiĕns) /ˈpriːʃɪəns/, which was the usual pronunciation until the early 20th cent., when pronunciations with /ɛ/ in the first syllable, with either /ʃ/ or /s/ as the medial consonant, are first recorded. Webster (1934) mentions a former pronunciation with the stress on the second syllable. 1. Knowledge of events before they happen; foreknowledge. a. As an attribute of God. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > [noun] foreshowinga1050 foreknowingc1374 foreseeingc1374 fore-wit1377 before-knowingc1384 presciencec1384 fore-wittingc1386 presciencec1395 foresight14.. previdence?a1425 prevision?a1425 prenostication?a1450 precognitiona1500 before-witting1532 foreknowledge1535 fore-fetch1554 presciency1572 fore-wisdom1576 prenotion1588 presension1597 prospecta1616 presensation1653 prospiciency1681 prevoyance1767 onsight1838 preview1855 precog1954 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > knowledge or omniscience > types of presciencec1384 foreknowledge1535 ideality1701 co-consciousness1903 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) 1 Pet. i. 2 Up the prescience [L. secundum præscientiam] or bifore knowinge of God, the fadir. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1313 What gouernaunce is in this prescience That giltlees tormenteth innocence? a1450 (a1401) Chastising of God's Children (Bodl.) (1957) 156 (MED) His prescience, þat is to seie on ynglisshe, his forknowynge, puttiþ nat a needeful yuel worchynge to hem þat shul be dampned. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20553 (MED) The cause ys nat..The dyvyne prescyence, But the grete dyfference Ys causyd off good and off badde, Affter the lyff that they her ladde. 1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 787/1 Prescyence of God putteth no necessitie in thinges of their nature conuenient vnto free wyll of man. 1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. iv. 9 Ane man sould not reiect the caus of his auin euil and vickednes to the prescience of god, bot to him self. 1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 106 It is utterly inconsistent with his Prescience and Omniscience. 1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous iii. 161 You might as well argue from the infinite Divisibility of Extension against the Divine Prescience, as..against Immaterialism. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1769 I. 327 Predestination, or what is equivalent to it, cannot be avoided, if we hold an universal prescience in the Deity. 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism vii. 331 If we attribute it to the divine prescience. 1861 E. Atherstone Israel in Egypt ii. 27 That which now, o'er nine parts of the globe, Makes mockery of God's prescience. 1938 Jrnl. Relig. 18 195 Divine prescience permits God to know the actions of man but does not determine whether those actions are necessary or free. 1991 UNESCO Courier (Nexis) Apr. 26 The idea of an ‘allocated span’ whose duration is fixed by divine decree—an idea in keeping with the affirmation of God's prescience and omnipotence. b. As a human faculty or quality: foresight. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > [noun] foreshowinga1050 foreknowingc1374 foreseeingc1374 fore-wit1377 before-knowingc1384 presciencec1384 fore-wittingc1386 presciencec1395 foresight14.. previdence?a1425 prevision?a1425 prenostication?a1450 precognitiona1500 before-witting1532 foreknowledge1535 fore-fetch1554 presciency1572 fore-wisdom1576 prenotion1588 presension1597 prospecta1616 presensation1653 prospiciency1681 prevoyance1767 onsight1838 preview1855 precog1954 c1395 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 659 And certes if I hadde prescience Youre wyl to know er ye youre lust me tolde, I wolde it doon with outen necligence. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 360 Cassandra..in eche art had experience, Of þingis future fully prescience To telle a-forn what schal betyde. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 962 in Wks. (1931) I O prudent prelatis, quhare was your prescianis, That tuke on hand tyll obserue Chaistytie, But austeir lyfe, laubour, and abstenance? 1584 R. Greene Gwydonius f. 50^v If I had bene indued with this sacred prescience, perfectly to presage of ensuing perilles, I had not ben crossed with such cares as I am like to incur. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 100 Nature hauing endued them with that wonderfull prescience, to auoide the inconueniences, and yet to enioy the benefit of the riuer. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. iii. 10 Are all Pretences to Prescience..delusory and impossible? 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xxxvii. 253 You, who are so famed for prescience, as I may call it, and than whom no young Lady ever had stronger pretensions to a share of it. 1791 E. Burke Let. to Member National Assembly in Wks. (1823) VI. 54 Statesmen of a more judicious prescience, look for the fortunate moment too. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility I. xiv. 172 I felt an immediate satisfaction and interest in the event, which nothing but a kind of prescience of what happiness I should experience from it, can account for. View more context for this quotation 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. iv. 55 Resources..contingent certainly, so far as our prescience goes. 1926 J. Galsworthy Silver Spoon ii. vii. 162 Boddick, with a sort of prescience, was absent in the coppice. 1993 Globe & Mail Rep. on Business Apr. 26/2 Give Shoppers Drug Mart Ltd. full marks for prescience: Two years ago, the retail chain extended spousal benefits to its gay and lesbian employees. 2. An instance of this. ΚΠ 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God v. x. 211 For we neither subiect Gods being, nor his præsciences vnto necessity, when wee say God must needes liue eternally, and God must needes fore-know all thinges. a1763 W. Shenstone Ess. in Wks. (1765) II. 148 We..deny ourselves..natural gratifications, through speculative presciences and doubts about the future. 1791 Mrs. Inchbald Simple Story I. xi. 121 She had a prescience her guardian was going to upbraid her. 1858 Times 26 Aug. 9/2 He..stood and spoke with a subdued tone and demeanour amounting almost to sadness, and as though he had a prescience of the suffering that awaited him. a1893 A. Webster Portraits (1893) 4 Medea, with her skills, her presciences. 1936 Times 31 Dec. 6/4 Did the cleaners, with a prescience of analysis to come, save the swabs instead of destroying them as waste? 1982 D. Mahon Hunt by Night (1986) 54 The glistening bodies of obscure flamingoes Tranced in a prescience of the life to come. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
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