Belsnickeln.

Brit.

/ˈbɛlsnɪkl/, U.S.

/ˈbɛlˌsnɪk(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s Bellschnickel, 1800s Belshnichel, 1800s Peltsnickel, 1800s Pelznichel, 1800s– Bellsnickle, 1800s– Belshnickle, 1800s– Belsnickel, 1800s– Belsnickle, 1800s– Pelznickel, 1900s Belsniggle, 1900s– Bellesnoggle, 1900s– Bellsnickel, 1900s– Bellsniggle, 1900s– Belschnickel, 1900s– Belsneakle, 1900s– Beltznickel, 1900s– Pelsnickle, 1900s– Peltznickel. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Pennsylvania German. Partly a borrowing from German. Etymons: Pennsylvania German Belsnickel; German Pelznickel, Belznickel.

Etymology: < (i) Pennsylvania German Belsnickel and its etymon (ii) German Pelznickel (1790 or earlier), regional (Palatinate) Belznickel frightening character featuring in customs associated with gift-giving on the feast of St Nicholas (6th Dec.), child who goes about begging for gifts on that day, < Pelz fur (see pelt n.¹) + Nickel , pet form of the male forename Nikolaus Nicholas (see pumpernickel n.), so called on account of the character's fur costume.Alternative suggestion. It has also been suggested that the first element of the German compound is German regional (southern and western) pelzen to beat, wallop (apparently < Pelz fur; with the semantic development perhaps compare to skin (a person) alive at skin v. 2b), on account of the character's function to punish naughty children. However, there is no early evidence for an association with this verb in German, and the presence of the rare French †Colas le velu, literally ‘fur-covered Nicholas’ (1790, after German) also appears to favour the traditional interpretation. Forms history. In early use sometimes written as two words (as e.g. Belsh Nichel, Peltz Nickel), reflecting the composition of the German etymon. Forms beginning with Bell- probably show a folk-etymological reinterpretation after bell n.¹; these forms are also sometimes written with a hyphen, chiefly in early use (as e.g. Bell-schnickel, Bell-snickle). Bells were sometimes part of the character's costume or carried by those accompanying him.

Chiefly North American. Now chiefly historical.

1. Also with lower-case initial. In certain North American communities, esp. those of German origin: a person who goes about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise, often visiting the houses of neighbours, friends, and relatives to play pranks or beg for small gifts or refreshments. Cf. belsnickel v.This custom perhaps has its origins in adults dressing as, and pretending to be, the ‘Belsnickel’ of Rhineland Christmas folklore (see sense 2) for the purpose of entertaining or scaring children.

ΚΠ

1823 York Gaz. (Pa.) 23 Dec. in A. L. Shoemaker Christmas in Pennsylvania (1959) 73/2 ‘Belsnickles’ are warned to keep within the limits of the Hall.

1869 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 484/2 I was sitting alone, one Christmas time, when..there entered some half-dozen youths or men... These, I suppose, were Christmas mummers, though I heard them called ‘Bell-schnickel’.

1958 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 71 164 During the period between Christmas and New Year's, bands of young people, about 15 to 20 years of age, went about in disguises visiting neighbors. Those going about in the evening, dressed in various kinds of makeshift disguise, were known as ‘belsnickles’.

2002 N. Rogers Halloween iii. 71 Belsnickles..roamed the streets at Christmastide, dressed in cast-off clothing with monstrous or blackened faces.

2. In Rhineland folklore: a menacing and dishevelled figure, dressed in furs and typically carrying a switch, who visits children before Christmas to reward good ones with gifts and punish naughty ones. Also: a person dressed as and pretending to be this figure.The figure of ‘Belsnickel’ is also preserved in certain North American communities, esp. those of German origin, and has variously been interpreted as corresponding or essentially analogous to St Nicholas (or Santa Claus) and as his companion or assistant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > imaginary persons or creatures

man in the moon1596

Briarean1598

phantasim1598

mooncalf1638

splacknuck1726

Idomenian1764

little green man1802

ring-tailed roarer1828

Belsnickel1830

ice worm1830

catawampus1843

whangdoodle1852

Prince Charming1855

boojum1876

snark1879

Easter rabbit1881

Easter bunny1900

death moth1910

Moomin1950

energy vampire1967

tooth fairy1977

the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giver > imaginary bringer of Christmas presents

Santa Claus1828

Belsnickel1830

1830 J. F. Watson Ann. Philadelphia 242 The ‘Belsh Nichel’ and St. Nicholas has been a time of Christmas amusement from time immemorial among us; brought in..among the sportive frolics of the Germans.

1842 W. Howitt Rural & Domest. Life Germany xii. 161 The younger children..are often reminded that Christmas is coming, and that Pelznichel will be here.

1869 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 485 This was the real Bell-schnickel, personated by the farmer.

1963 K. H. Seibel Joyful Christmas Craft Bk. iii. 61 (caption) Belsnickel was a formidable figure in early Pennsylvania, for this helper of the Christ Child appeared a week before Christmas with gifts for good children, but with switches to punish the bad ones.

2009 D. Yoder in A. L. Shoemaker Christmas in Pennsylvania (new ed.) 169/1 Among the Pennsylvania Dutch, Nicholas as such was absent from the Christmas scenario, but aspects of both the saint and his dark associate were embodied in the Belsnickel.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

belsnickelv.

Brit.

/ˈbɛlsnɪkl/, U.S.

/ˈbɛlˌsnɪk(ə)l/

Forms: see Belsnickel n. Also with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Belsnickel n.

Etymology: < Belsnickel n.

North American. Now chiefly historical.

intransitive. In certain North American communities, esp. those of German origin: to go about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise, often visiting the houses of neighbours, friends, and relatives to play pranks or beg for small gifts or refreshments. Cf. Belsnickel n. 1.This custom perhaps has its origins in adults dressing as, and pretending to be, the ‘Belsnickel’ of Rhineland Christmas folklore (see Belsnickel n. 2) for the purpose of entertaining or scaring children.

ΚΠ

1881 Scribner's Monthly July 350 He broke it [sc. the accordeon] last New-Year's night ‘out bell snicklin'’... On New-Year's Eve, crowds of men and boys dress themselves in fantastic costumes, and roam through the Neck and lower part of the city [sc. Philadelphia] all night.

1915 Star & Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 9 Jan. 8/3 A number of young men of the neighbourhood are busy these evenings in going over the country ‘bell snickeling’.

1969 in H. Halpert & G. M. Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 40 We belsnickled by mouth organ and musical instruments.

2013 Reading (Pa.) Eagle (Nexis) 19 Dec. He reminisced about belsnickling as a youth.

Derivatives

belˈsnickeler n. a person who goes about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise; = Belsnickel n. 1.

ΚΠ

1921 Star & Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 1 Jan. 4/3 Miss Hortense Beitman on Christmas eve entertained a party of ‘Bellsnicklers’ at her home.

1964 E. L. Smith Pennsylvania Germans of Shenandoah Valley 123 Today some belsnicklers still visit homes in some neighborhoods of Page, Rockingham, Shenandoah, and Augusta Counties in Virginia.

2011 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 2 Jan. (Lifestyle section) e6 In areas with German traditions, you may have just been visited by a Belsnickler, a friend who visits in disguise to play tricks and beg for treats.

belˈsnickeling n. the action or custom of going about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise; see main sense.

ΚΠ

1923 Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.) 24 Dec. 7/1 (heading) ‘Belsnickling’ of Teutonic Origin.

1940 Pennsylvania: Guide to Keystone State (Federal Writers' Project) 61 [The mummer's parade's] immediate ancestor is the old German tradition of ‘bell-snickeling’. As early as 1800 scattered groups of mummers from South Philadelphia paraded the streets and rang bells to receive the award of cakes and candy if their identity was not guessed.

1964 E. L. Smith Pennsylvania Germans of Shenandoah Valley 119 An amazing number of elderly residents of the dialect-speaking neighborhoods of the Valley remember when ‘belsnickeling’ was common throughout the Christmas season.

2007 Daily News-Record (Harrisonburg, Va.) 6 Dec. (Escape section) 3/2 Belsnickling was a tradition, brought with German immigrants, where costumed revelers went from house to house partying.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	belsnickel
释义	Belsnickeln. Brit. /ˈbɛlsnɪkl/, U.S. /ˈbɛlˌsnɪk(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s Bellschnickel, 1800s Belshnichel, 1800s Peltsnickel, 1800s Pelznichel, 1800s– Bellsnickle, 1800s– Belshnickle, 1800s– Belsnickel, 1800s– Belsnickle, 1800s– Pelznickel, 1900s Belsniggle, 1900s– Bellesnoggle, 1900s– Bellsnickel, 1900s– Bellsniggle, 1900s– Belschnickel, 1900s– Belsneakle, 1900s– Beltznickel, 1900s– Pelsnickle, 1900s– Peltznickel. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Pennsylvania German. Partly a borrowing from German. Etymons: Pennsylvania German Belsnickel; German Pelznickel, Belznickel. Etymology: < (i) Pennsylvania German Belsnickel and its etymon (ii) German Pelznickel (1790 or earlier), regional (Palatinate) Belznickel frightening character featuring in customs associated with gift-giving on the feast of St Nicholas (6th Dec.), child who goes about begging for gifts on that day, < Pelz fur (see pelt n.¹) + Nickel , pet form of the male forename Nikolaus Nicholas (see pumpernickel n.), so called on account of the character's fur costume.Alternative suggestion. It has also been suggested that the first element of the German compound is German regional (southern and western) pelzen to beat, wallop (apparently < Pelz fur; with the semantic development perhaps compare to skin (a person) alive at skin v. 2b), on account of the character's function to punish naughty children. However, there is no early evidence for an association with this verb in German, and the presence of the rare French †Colas le velu, literally ‘fur-covered Nicholas’ (1790, after German) also appears to favour the traditional interpretation. Forms history. In early use sometimes written as two words (as e.g. Belsh Nichel, Peltz Nickel), reflecting the composition of the German etymon. Forms beginning with Bell- probably show a folk-etymological reinterpretation after bell n.¹; these forms are also sometimes written with a hyphen, chiefly in early use (as e.g. Bell-schnickel, Bell-snickle). Bells were sometimes part of the character's costume or carried by those accompanying him. Chiefly North American. Now chiefly historical. 1. Also with lower-case initial. In certain North American communities, esp. those of German origin: a person who goes about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise, often visiting the houses of neighbours, friends, and relatives to play pranks or beg for small gifts or refreshments. Cf. belsnickel v.This custom perhaps has its origins in adults dressing as, and pretending to be, the ‘Belsnickel’ of Rhineland Christmas folklore (see sense 2) for the purpose of entertaining or scaring children. ΚΠ 1823 York Gaz. (Pa.) 23 Dec. in A. L. Shoemaker Christmas in Pennsylvania (1959) 73/2 ‘Belsnickles’ are warned to keep within the limits of the Hall. 1869 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 484/2 I was sitting alone, one Christmas time, when..there entered some half-dozen youths or men... These, I suppose, were Christmas mummers, though I heard them called ‘Bell-schnickel’. 1958 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 71 164 During the period between Christmas and New Year's, bands of young people, about 15 to 20 years of age, went about in disguises visiting neighbors. Those going about in the evening, dressed in various kinds of makeshift disguise, were known as ‘belsnickles’. 2002 N. Rogers Halloween iii. 71 Belsnickles..roamed the streets at Christmastide, dressed in cast-off clothing with monstrous or blackened faces. 2. In Rhineland folklore: a menacing and dishevelled figure, dressed in furs and typically carrying a switch, who visits children before Christmas to reward good ones with gifts and punish naughty ones. Also: a person dressed as and pretending to be this figure.The figure of ‘Belsnickel’ is also preserved in certain North American communities, esp. those of German origin, and has variously been interpreted as corresponding or essentially analogous to St Nicholas (or Santa Claus) and as his companion or assistant. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > imaginary persons or creatures man in the moon1596 Briarean1598 phantasim1598 mooncalf1638 splacknuck1726 Idomenian1764 little green man1802 ring-tailed roarer1828 Belsnickel1830 ice worm1830 catawampus1843 whangdoodle1852 Prince Charming1855 boojum1876 snark1879 Easter rabbit1881 Easter bunny1900 death moth1910 Moomin1950 energy vampire1967 tooth fairy1977 the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giver > imaginary bringer of Christmas presents Santa Claus1828 Belsnickel1830 1830 J. F. Watson Ann. Philadelphia 242 The ‘Belsh Nichel’ and St. Nicholas has been a time of Christmas amusement from time immemorial among us; brought in..among the sportive frolics of the Germans. 1842 W. Howitt Rural & Domest. Life Germany xii. 161 The younger children..are often reminded that Christmas is coming, and that Pelznichel will be here. 1869 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 485 This was the real Bell-schnickel, personated by the farmer. 1963 K. H. Seibel Joyful Christmas Craft Bk. iii. 61 (caption) Belsnickel was a formidable figure in early Pennsylvania, for this helper of the Christ Child appeared a week before Christmas with gifts for good children, but with switches to punish the bad ones. 2009 D. Yoder in A. L. Shoemaker Christmas in Pennsylvania (new ed.) 169/1 Among the Pennsylvania Dutch, Nicholas as such was absent from the Christmas scenario, but aspects of both the saint and his dark associate were embodied in the Belsnickel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). belsnickelv. Brit. /ˈbɛlsnɪkl/, U.S. /ˈbɛlˌsnɪk(ə)l/ Forms: see Belsnickel n. Also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Belsnickel n. Etymology: < Belsnickel n. North American. Now chiefly historical. intransitive. In certain North American communities, esp. those of German origin: to go about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise, often visiting the houses of neighbours, friends, and relatives to play pranks or beg for small gifts or refreshments. Cf. Belsnickel n. 1.This custom perhaps has its origins in adults dressing as, and pretending to be, the ‘Belsnickel’ of Rhineland Christmas folklore (see Belsnickel n. 2) for the purpose of entertaining or scaring children. ΚΠ 1881 Scribner's Monthly July 350 He broke it [sc. the accordeon] last New-Year's night ‘out bell snicklin'’... On New-Year's Eve, crowds of men and boys dress themselves in fantastic costumes, and roam through the Neck and lower part of the city [sc. Philadelphia] all night. 1915 Star & Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 9 Jan. 8/3 A number of young men of the neighbourhood are busy these evenings in going over the country ‘bell snickeling’. 1969 in H. Halpert & G. M. Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 40 We belsnickled by mouth organ and musical instruments. 2013 Reading (Pa.) Eagle (Nexis) 19 Dec. He reminisced about belsnickling as a youth. Derivatives belˈsnickeler n. a person who goes about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise; = Belsnickel n. 1. ΚΠ 1921 Star & Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 1 Jan. 4/3 Miss Hortense Beitman on Christmas eve entertained a party of ‘Bellsnicklers’ at her home. 1964 E. L. Smith Pennsylvania Germans of Shenandoah Valley 123 Today some belsnicklers still visit homes in some neighborhoods of Page, Rockingham, Shenandoah, and Augusta Counties in Virginia. 2011 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 2 Jan. (Lifestyle section) e6 In areas with German traditions, you may have just been visited by a Belsnickler, a friend who visits in disguise to play tricks and beg for treats. belˈsnickeling n. the action or custom of going about merrymaking at Christmas or New Year in disguise; see main sense. ΚΠ 1923 Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.) 24 Dec. 7/1 (heading) ‘Belsnickling’ of Teutonic Origin. 1940 Pennsylvania: Guide to Keystone State (Federal Writers' Project) 61 [The mummer's parade's] immediate ancestor is the old German tradition of ‘bell-snickeling’. As early as 1800 scattered groups of mummers from South Philadelphia paraded the streets and rang bells to receive the award of cakes and candy if their identity was not guessed. 1964 E. L. Smith Pennsylvania Germans of Shenandoah Valley 119 An amazing number of elderly residents of the dialect-speaking neighborhoods of the Valley remember when ‘belsnickeling’ was common throughout the Christmas season. 2007 Daily News-Record (Harrisonburg, Va.) 6 Dec. (Escape section) 3/2 Belsnickling was a tradition, brought with German immigrants, where costumed revelers went from house to house partying. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1823v.1881
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