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单词 polygraphy
释义

polygraphyn.

Brit. /pəˈlɪɡrəfi/, /pɒˈlɪɡrəfi/, U.S. /pəˈlɪɡrəfi/
Forms: 1500s– polygraphy, 1600s polugraphy, 1700s poligraphy.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin polygraphia ; polygraph n., -y suffix3.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin polygraphia, poligraphia code or cipher (1518 in the title of J. Trithemius Poligraphiae libri VI), fact of writing much (a1536 in Erasmus) < Hellenistic Greek πολυγραϕία fact of writing much < πολυγράϕος (adjective) writing much (see polygraph n.) + ancient Greek -ία -y suffix3. In sense 4 independently < polygraph n. (see sense 3 at that entry) + -y suffix3. Compare Middle French, French polygraphie book dealing with various subjects (1553; now obsolete in this sense), art of writing in codes or ciphers, also of deciphering (1611; now obsolete in this sense), Italian poligrafia (a1686 in sense ‘fact of writing much’; now only in sense 3b (20th cent. in this sense)). Compare earlier polygrapher n., polygraphical adj.
1. A code or cipher; the action or practice of creating, writing, or deciphering such a code. Now frequently historical.The word may refer either to a code which encrypts a message in order to keep it secret (cf. steganography n.) or to one intended to enable speakers of different languages to communicate (cf. pasigraphy n.). In quot. 1747: a name given by Aulay Macaulay to his system of shorthand.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [noun]
cipher1528
steganography1569
polygraphy1593
jargon1594
cryptography1653
code1818
code language1875
society > communication > writing > system of writing > [noun] > disguised or secret writing
cipher1528
scytale1579
polygraphy1593
cryptography1653
society > communication > writing > system of writing > shorthand > [noun] > systems of
radiography?1616
polygraphy1747
Tironian notes1828
sound-hand1837
phonography1840
phraseography1845
idiography1847
Pitman1869
Pitman1916
Speedwriting1925
snelskrif1949
1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 56 The Histories were written in some strange kind of polygraphy and steganography.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. v. 591 Such occult notes,..Polygraphy, cunning conuayances in this kinde.
1653 J. Webster Academiarum Examen 24 Are the wonderful and stupendious effects that Polygraphy, or Steganography produce to be omitted or neglected?
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Polygraphy, the Art of writing in various unusual, Manners or Cyphers; as also of decyphering the same... The Word is usually confounded with Steganography and Cryptography.
1747 A. Macaulay (title) Polygraphy; or Short-Hand made easy..Being an universal character fitted to all Languages.
1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 4 134/2 These decipherers gave the high-sounding names of Cryptography, Cryptology, Polygraphy, and Steganography, to their art.
1968 M. Pei One Lang. for World xvi. 141 The idea of polygraphy..whereby ideas might be reduced to a system of writing comprehensible to people of different speeches, is a very ancient one.
1996 J. Fentress tr. U. Eco Search Perfect Lang. ix. 197 [Kircher] celebrated polygraphy as ‘all languages reduced to one’.
2. Copious writing or literary work; literary productiveness; (also) writing dealing with many subjects. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > [noun] > action or practice of composing > copious or various
polygraphy1654
voluminosity1782
1654 J. N. Proh Tempora 3 I will let him cease because I do not now intend Polugraphy.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cambr. 158 One considering his Polygraphy, said merrily, that he must write whilst he slept, it being unpossible that he should do so much when waking.
1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 715 Even Sir Walter Scott, with all his multifarious polygraphy—what is he beside the goodly Summa Theologiæ of Thomas Aquinas?
1890 Sat. Rev. 22 Nov. 602/2 It has been too much the fashion to dismiss his wonderful ‘polygraphy’, his miscellaneous journalism.
1922 Jrnl. Philos. 19 420 He..asks ‘Why do you write so much?’ May I answer for my part that it was this polygraphy..which has enabled me to undertake the very task which Dr. Hunter was anxious to have performed.
1951 R. A. Hall Short Hist. Ital. Lit. vi. xvii. 308 Another author whose wideranging writings are raised above the level of mere polygraphy by his culture and ability.
3.
a. = polygraph n. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing
polygraphy1705
polygrapher1778
polygraph1803
manifold writer1808
autocopyist1880
hectograph1880
copygrapha1884
1705 J. Dunton Life & Errors iv. 239 [Ridpath] invented The Polygraphy, or Writing Engin by which one may with great facility, write Two, Four, Six, or more Copies of any one thing upon so many different Sheets of Paper at once.
b. The action or practice of using a mechanical or chemical process to produce copies of pictures, writing, etc. Cf. polygraph n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > other copying methods
polygraphy?1787
blue process1863
reprography1953
reprographics1963
society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing > for making several copies at once > use of
polygraphy?1787
manifold writing1862
press copying1875
manifolding1892
?1787 J. Booth Addr. Polygraphic Art 13 The invention of Polygraphy encourages a genius for painting.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Polygraphic, Polygraphical, pertaining to polygraphy, as a polygraphic instrument.
1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii Polygraphy... 3. The art of making a number of drawings or writings simultaneously.
1946 W. M. Mandel Guide Soviet Union iv. xxii. 289 OGIZ plans the output of books and magazines... It is responsible for the stimulation of invention in the field of polygraphy.
2001 A. Petrucci & B. Quintieri in S. W. Arndt & H. Kierzkowski Fragmentation x. 193 (caption) Polygraphy, publishing, and cinematography.
4. The use of a polygraph (polygraph n. 3) to record several physiological characteristics simultaneously; the interpretation of data from a polygraph.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun]
arteriography1833
pulmometry1835
pneumometry1853
sphygmography1859
spirometry1859
sphygmometry1867
pneumatometry1876
stethography1876
stethometry1876
cephalometry1881
haemautography1885
haemoglobinometry1887
pelvigraphy1890
plethysmography1890
sphygmomanometry1905
electrocardiography1910
phlebography1912
phonocardiography1913
T.P.R.1917
Fick('s) principle1920
pneumography1921
polygraphy1923
electromyography1926
oscillometry1927
pneumotachography1930
electroencephalography1935
oximetry1944
vectorcardiography1946
ballistocardiography1950
tympanometry1956
thermography1957
cystometry1959
spirography1959
rheograph1960
magnetocardiography1967
Fick method1968
magnetoencephalography1968
biofeedback1970
tympanography1977
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar > machine for detecting lies > use of
polygraphy1954
1923 W. D. Reid Heart in Mod. Pract. iii. 63 Polygraph tracings are also taken from the apex of the heart, the carotid artery, and over the liver, but their importance does not warrant description in this limited presentation of polygraphy.
1954 Reporter (N.Y.) 22 June 22/2 The most acute current problem in polygraphy..is how to set and maintain professional standards.
1973 Biomed. Engin. 8 155/3 To readers outside of the field of polygraphy, it will perhaps seem remarkable that electronic recording is not used for all three channels and that other physiological events are not recorded routinely.
1992 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 45 608/1 Whereas polygraphy may indeed be fading from the employment scene, another controversial investigative technology—testing for drug use—is making inroads.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1593
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