polygraphyn.

Brit.

/pəˈlɪɡrəfi/,

/pɒˈlɪɡrəfi/, U.S.

/pəˈlɪɡrəfi/

Forms: 1500s– polygraphy, 1600s polugraphy, 1700s poligraphy.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin polygraphia ; polygraph n., -y suffix³.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin polygraphia, poligraphia code or cipher (1518 in the title of J. Trithemius Poligraphiae libri VI), fact of writing much (a1536 in Erasmus) < Hellenistic Greek πολυγραϕία fact of writing much < πολυγράϕος (adjective) writing much (see polygraph n.) + ancient Greek -ία -y suffix³. In sense 4 independently < polygraph n. (see sense 3 at that entry) + -y suffix³. Compare Middle French, French polygraphie book dealing with various subjects (1553; now obsolete in this sense), art of writing in codes or ciphers, also of deciphering (1611; now obsolete in this sense), Italian poligrafia (a1686 in sense ‘fact of writing much’; now only in sense 3b (20th cent. in this sense)). Compare earlier polygrapher n., polygraphical adj.

1. A code or cipher; the action or practice of creating, writing, or deciphering such a code. Now frequently historical.The word may refer either to a code which encrypts a message in order to keep it secret (cf. steganography n.) or to one intended to enable speakers of different languages to communicate (cf. pasigraphy n.). In quot. 1747: a name given by Aulay Macaulay to his system of shorthand.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [noun]

cipher1528

steganography1569

polygraphy1593

jargon1594

cryptography1653

code1818

code language1875

society > communication > writing > system of writing > [noun] > disguised or secret writing

cipher1528

scytale1579

polygraphy1593

cryptography1653

society > communication > writing > system of writing > shorthand > [noun] > systems of

radiography?1616

polygraphy1747

Tironian notes1828

sound-hand1837

phonography1840

phraseography1845

idiography1847

Pitman1869

Pitman1916

Speedwriting1925

snelskrif1949

1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 56 The Histories were written in some strange kind of polygraphy and steganography.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. v. 591 Such occult notes,..Polygraphy, cunning conuayances in this kinde.

1653 J. Webster Academiarum Examen 24 Are the wonderful and stupendious effects that Polygraphy, or Steganography produce to be omitted or neglected?

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Polygraphy, the Art of writing in various unusual, Manners or Cyphers; as also of decyphering the same... The Word is usually confounded with Steganography and Cryptography.

1747 A. Macaulay (title) Polygraphy; or Short-Hand made easy..Being an universal character fitted to all Languages.

1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 4 134/2 These decipherers gave the high-sounding names of Cryptography, Cryptology, Polygraphy, and Steganography, to their art.

1968 M. Pei One Lang. for World xvi. 141 The idea of polygraphy..whereby ideas might be reduced to a system of writing comprehensible to people of different speeches, is a very ancient one.

1996 J. Fentress tr. U. Eco Search Perfect Lang. ix. 197 [Kircher] celebrated polygraphy as ‘all languages reduced to one’.

2. Copious writing or literary work; literary productiveness; (also) writing dealing with many subjects. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > [noun] > action or practice of composing > copious or various

polygraphy1654

voluminosity1782

1654 J. N. Proh Tempora 3 I will let him cease because I do not now intend Polugraphy.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cambr. 158 One considering his Polygraphy, said merrily, that he must write whilst he slept, it being unpossible that he should do so much when waking.

1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 715 Even Sir Walter Scott, with all his multifarious polygraphy—what is he beside the goodly Summa Theologiæ of Thomas Aquinas?

1890 Sat. Rev. 22 Nov. 602/2 It has been too much the fashion to dismiss his wonderful ‘polygraphy’, his miscellaneous journalism.

1922 Jrnl. Philos. 19 420 He..asks ‘Why do you write so much?’ May I answer for my part that it was this polygraphy..which has enabled me to undertake the very task which Dr. Hunter was anxious to have performed.

1951 R. A. Hall Short Hist. Ital. Lit. vi. xvii. 308 Another author whose wideranging writings are raised above the level of mere polygraphy by his culture and ability.

†a. = polygraph n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing

polygraphy1705

polygrapher1778

polygraph1803

manifold writer1808

autocopyist1880

hectograph1880

copygrapha1884

1705 J. Dunton Life & Errors iv. 239 [Ridpath] invented The Polygraphy, or Writing Engin by which one may with great facility, write Two, Four, Six, or more Copies of any one thing upon so many different Sheets of Paper at once.

b. The action or practice of using a mechanical or chemical process to produce copies of pictures, writing, etc. Cf. polygraph n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > other copying methods

polygraphy?1787

blue process1863

reprography1953

reprographics1963

society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing > for making several copies at once > use of

polygraphy?1787

manifold writing1862

press copying1875

manifolding1892

?1787 J. Booth Addr. Polygraphic Art 13 The invention of Polygraphy encourages a genius for painting.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Polygraphic, Polygraphical, pertaining to polygraphy, as a polygraphic instrument.

1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii Polygraphy... 3. The art of making a number of drawings or writings simultaneously.

1946 W. M. Mandel Guide Soviet Union iv. xxii. 289 OGIZ plans the output of books and magazines... It is responsible for the stimulation of invention in the field of polygraphy.

2001 A. Petrucci & B. Quintieri in S. W. Arndt & H. Kierzkowski Fragmentation x. 193 (caption) Polygraphy, publishing, and cinematography.

4. The use of a polygraph (polygraph n. 3) to record several physiological characteristics simultaneously; the interpretation of data from a polygraph.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun]

arteriography1833

pulmometry1835

pneumometry1853

sphygmography1859

spirometry1859

sphygmometry1867

pneumatometry1876

stethography1876

stethometry1876

cephalometry1881

haemautography1885

haemoglobinometry1887

pelvigraphy1890

plethysmography1890

sphygmomanometry1905

electrocardiography1910

phlebography1912

phonocardiography1913

T.P.R.1917

Fick('s) principle1920

pneumography1921

polygraphy1923

electromyography1926

oscillometry1927

pneumotachography1930

electroencephalography1935

oximetry1944

vectorcardiography1946

ballistocardiography1950

tympanometry1956

thermography1957

cystometry1959

spirography1959

rheograph1960

magnetocardiography1967

Fick method1968

magnetoencephalography1968

biofeedback1970

tympanography1977

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar > machine for detecting lies > use of

polygraphy1954

1923 W. D. Reid Heart in Mod. Pract. iii. 63 Polygraph tracings are also taken from the apex of the heart, the carotid artery, and over the liver, but their importance does not warrant description in this limited presentation of polygraphy.

1954 Reporter (N.Y.) 22 June 22/2 The most acute current problem in polygraphy..is how to set and maintain professional standards.

1973 Biomed. Engin. 8 155/3 To readers outside of the field of polygraphy, it will perhaps seem remarkable that electronic recording is not used for all three channels and that other physiological events are not recorded routinely.

1992 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 45 608/1 Whereas polygraphy may indeed be fading from the employment scene, another controversial investigative technology—testing for drug use—is making inroads.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polygraphy
释义	polygraphyn. Brit. /pəˈlɪɡrəfi/, /pɒˈlɪɡrəfi/, U.S. /pəˈlɪɡrəfi/ Forms: 1500s– polygraphy, 1600s polugraphy, 1700s poligraphy. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin polygraphia ; polygraph n., -y suffix³. Etymology: < post-classical Latin polygraphia, poligraphia code or cipher (1518 in the title of J. Trithemius Poligraphiae libri VI), fact of writing much (a1536 in Erasmus) < Hellenistic Greek πολυγραϕία fact of writing much < πολυγράϕος (adjective) writing much (see polygraph n.) + ancient Greek -ία -y suffix³. In sense 4 independently < polygraph n. (see sense 3 at that entry) + -y suffix³. Compare Middle French, French polygraphie book dealing with various subjects (1553; now obsolete in this sense), art of writing in codes or ciphers, also of deciphering (1611; now obsolete in this sense), Italian poligrafia (a1686 in sense ‘fact of writing much’; now only in sense 3b (20th cent. in this sense)). Compare earlier polygrapher n., polygraphical adj. 1. A code or cipher; the action or practice of creating, writing, or deciphering such a code. Now frequently historical.The word may refer either to a code which encrypts a message in order to keep it secret (cf. steganography n.) or to one intended to enable speakers of different languages to communicate (cf. pasigraphy n.). In quot. 1747: a name given by Aulay Macaulay to his system of shorthand. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [noun] cipher1528 steganography1569 polygraphy1593 jargon1594 cryptography1653 code1818 code language1875 society > communication > writing > system of writing > [noun] > disguised or secret writing cipher1528 scytale1579 polygraphy1593 cryptography1653 society > communication > writing > system of writing > shorthand > [noun] > systems of radiography?1616 polygraphy1747 Tironian notes1828 sound-hand1837 phonography1840 phraseography1845 idiography1847 Pitman1869 Pitman1916 Speedwriting1925 snelskrif1949 1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 56 The Histories were written in some strange kind of polygraphy and steganography. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. v. 591 Such occult notes,..Polygraphy, cunning conuayances in this kinde. 1653 J. Webster Academiarum Examen 24 Are the wonderful and stupendious effects that Polygraphy, or Steganography produce to be omitted or neglected? 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Polygraphy, the Art of writing in various unusual, Manners or Cyphers; as also of decyphering the same... The Word is usually confounded with Steganography and Cryptography. 1747 A. Macaulay (title) Polygraphy; or Short-Hand made easy..Being an universal character fitted to all Languages. 1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 4 134/2 These decipherers gave the high-sounding names of Cryptography, Cryptology, Polygraphy, and Steganography, to their art. 1968 M. Pei One Lang. for World xvi. 141 The idea of polygraphy..whereby ideas might be reduced to a system of writing comprehensible to people of different speeches, is a very ancient one. 1996 J. Fentress tr. U. Eco Search Perfect Lang. ix. 197 [Kircher] celebrated polygraphy as ‘all languages reduced to one’. 2. Copious writing or literary work; literary productiveness; (also) writing dealing with many subjects. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > [noun] > action or practice of composing > copious or various polygraphy1654 voluminosity1782 1654 J. N. Proh Tempora 3 I will let him cease because I do not now intend Polugraphy. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cambr. 158 One considering his Polygraphy, said merrily, that he must write whilst he slept, it being unpossible that he should do so much when waking. 1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 715 Even Sir Walter Scott, with all his multifarious polygraphy—what is he beside the goodly Summa Theologiæ of Thomas Aquinas? 1890 Sat. Rev. 22 Nov. 602/2 It has been too much the fashion to dismiss his wonderful ‘polygraphy’, his miscellaneous journalism. 1922 Jrnl. Philos. 19 420 He..asks ‘Why do you write so much?’ May I answer for my part that it was this polygraphy..which has enabled me to undertake the very task which Dr. Hunter was anxious to have performed. 1951 R. A. Hall Short Hist. Ital. Lit. vi. xvii. 308 Another author whose wideranging writings are raised above the level of mere polygraphy by his culture and ability. 3. †a. = polygraph n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing polygraphy1705 polygrapher1778 polygraph1803 manifold writer1808 autocopyist1880 hectograph1880 copygrapha1884 1705 J. Dunton Life & Errors iv. 239 [Ridpath] invented The Polygraphy, or Writing Engin by which one may with great facility, write Two, Four, Six, or more Copies of any one thing upon so many different Sheets of Paper at once. b. The action or practice of using a mechanical or chemical process to produce copies of pictures, writing, etc. Cf. polygraph n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > other copying methods polygraphy?1787 blue process1863 reprography1953 reprographics1963 society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing > for making several copies at once > use of polygraphy?1787 manifold writing1862 press copying1875 manifolding1892 ?1787 J. Booth Addr. Polygraphic Art 13 The invention of Polygraphy encourages a genius for painting. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Polygraphic, Polygraphical, pertaining to polygraphy, as a polygraphic instrument. 1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii Polygraphy... 3. The art of making a number of drawings or writings simultaneously. 1946 W. M. Mandel Guide Soviet Union iv. xxii. 289 OGIZ plans the output of books and magazines... It is responsible for the stimulation of invention in the field of polygraphy. 2001 A. Petrucci & B. Quintieri in S. W. Arndt & H. Kierzkowski Fragmentation x. 193 (caption) Polygraphy, publishing, and cinematography. 4. The use of a polygraph (polygraph n. 3) to record several physiological characteristics simultaneously; the interpretation of data from a polygraph. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun] arteriography1833 pulmometry1835 pneumometry1853 sphygmography1859 spirometry1859 sphygmometry1867 pneumatometry1876 stethography1876 stethometry1876 cephalometry1881 haemautography1885 haemoglobinometry1887 pelvigraphy1890 plethysmography1890 sphygmomanometry1905 electrocardiography1910 phlebography1912 phonocardiography1913 T.P.R.1917 Fick('s) principle1920 pneumography1921 polygraphy1923 electromyography1926 oscillometry1927 pneumotachography1930 electroencephalography1935 oximetry1944 vectorcardiography1946 ballistocardiography1950 tympanometry1956 thermography1957 cystometry1959 spirography1959 rheograph1960 magnetocardiography1967 Fick method1968 magnetoencephalography1968 biofeedback1970 tympanography1977 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar > machine for detecting lies > use of polygraphy1954 1923 W. D. Reid Heart in Mod. Pract. iii. 63 Polygraph tracings are also taken from the apex of the heart, the carotid artery, and over the liver, but their importance does not warrant description in this limited presentation of polygraphy. 1954 Reporter (N.Y.) 22 June 22/2 The most acute current problem in polygraphy..is how to set and maintain professional standards. 1973 Biomed. Engin. 8 155/3 To readers outside of the field of polygraphy, it will perhaps seem remarkable that electronic recording is not used for all three channels and that other physiological events are not recorded routinely. 1992 Industr. & Labor Relations Rev. 45 608/1 Whereas polygraphy may indeed be fading from the employment scene, another controversial investigative technology—testing for drug use—is making inroads. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1593
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