meshumadn.

Brit.

/məˈʃʊmad/, U.S.

/məˈʃʊmɑd/

Inflections: Plural meshumadim Brit.

/məˈʃʊmədɪm/, U.S.

/məˈʃʊməˌdɪm/.

Forms: 1800s– meshumad, 1800s– meshumed, 1800s– meshummad.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Yiddish. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Etymons: Yiddish meshumed; Hebrew mĕšummāḏ, šummāḏ.

Etymology: < Yiddish meshumed and its etymon post-biblical Hebrew mĕšummāḏ, participle of šummāḏ to be forced into apostasy.For the theory that the Hebrew word is a borrowing of an Aramaic word derived from a root meaning ‘to be baptized’ see e.g. E. Klein Comprehensive Etymol. Dict. Hebrew Lang. (1987) 664/3. The word is often associated with a similar root meaning ‘to be destroyed’. It has strong negative connotations, especially of betrayal.

Judaism.

An apostate from Judaism, especially a convert to Christianity.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun] > person > from Judaism

meshumad1817

1817 Missionary Reg. Dec. 507/2 That a godly Jewess should consent to cohabit with a Christian, and especially a Meshumad (an Apostate Jew), was a thing not to be heard of in Israel!

1822 Jewish Expositor Oct. 406/2 ‘I shall immediately,’ roared he, ‘let loose my mastiff upon you, Meshumed, if you dare to enter under my roof.’

1840 A. M. Myers Jew 31 Heaven forbid! I am not a Meshumed, Samuel. I have not forsaken the Lord Jehovah; nor will I ever forsake him.

1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto I. 14 The new-fangled Jewish minister..rigged out like the Christian clergyman, has been mistaken for..a Meshumad, and pelted with gratuitous vegetables.

1903 R. T. Herford Christianity in Talmud & Midrash ii. ii. 336 ‘Meshummadim’ are those who wilfully transgress some part of the ceremonial law, and thereby proclaim their apostasy.

1938 Vallentine's Jewish Encycl. 45 The Heb. words for apostate are min,..mumar,..meshumad (one who has renounced his religion or, perhaps, one who has become baptized), and apikoros... The terms mumar and meshumad are often used indiscriminately... The Meshumadim, from early Middle Ages, developed a super-zeal for their new religion.

1962 Standard Jewish Encycl. 1308 Meshummad (Heb.): a convert to Christianity; an apostate (used opprobriously).

1968 L. Rosten Joys of Yiddish 238 Jews distinguish forced converts, or anusim, from those who joined another faith of their own volition, meshumadim.

1995 State Jrnl.-Reg. (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 11 Sept. 4 By Jewish standards, a ‘messianic Jew’ is a meshumad, a rejector.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	meshumad
释义	meshumadn. Brit. /məˈʃʊmad/, U.S. /məˈʃʊmɑd/ Inflections: Plural meshumadim Brit. /məˈʃʊmədɪm/, U.S. /məˈʃʊməˌdɪm/. Forms: 1800s– meshumad, 1800s– meshumed, 1800s– meshummad. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Yiddish. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Etymons: Yiddish meshumed; Hebrew mĕšummāḏ, šummāḏ. Etymology: < Yiddish meshumed and its etymon post-biblical Hebrew mĕšummāḏ, participle of šummāḏ to be forced into apostasy.For the theory that the Hebrew word is a borrowing of an Aramaic word derived from a root meaning ‘to be baptized’ see e.g. E. Klein Comprehensive Etymol. Dict. Hebrew Lang. (1987) 664/3. The word is often associated with a similar root meaning ‘to be destroyed’. It has strong negative connotations, especially of betrayal. Judaism. An apostate from Judaism, especially a convert to Christianity. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun] > person > from Judaism meshumad1817 1817 Missionary Reg. Dec. 507/2 That a godly Jewess should consent to cohabit with a Christian, and especially a Meshumad (an Apostate Jew), was a thing not to be heard of in Israel! 1822 Jewish Expositor Oct. 406/2 ‘I shall immediately,’ roared he, ‘let loose my mastiff upon you, Meshumed, if you dare to enter under my roof.’ 1840 A. M. Myers Jew 31 Heaven forbid! I am not a Meshumed, Samuel. I have not forsaken the Lord Jehovah; nor will I ever forsake him. 1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto I. 14 The new-fangled Jewish minister..rigged out like the Christian clergyman, has been mistaken for..a Meshumad, and pelted with gratuitous vegetables. 1903 R. T. Herford Christianity in Talmud & Midrash ii. ii. 336 ‘Meshummadim’ are those who wilfully transgress some part of the ceremonial law, and thereby proclaim their apostasy. 1938 Vallentine's Jewish Encycl. 45 The Heb. words for apostate are min,..mumar,..meshumad (one who has renounced his religion or, perhaps, one who has become baptized), and apikoros... The terms mumar and meshumad are often used indiscriminately... The Meshumadim, from early Middle Ages, developed a super-zeal for their new religion. 1962 Standard Jewish Encycl. 1308 Meshummad (Heb.): a convert to Christianity; an apostate (used opprobriously). 1968 L. Rosten Joys of Yiddish 238 Jews distinguish forced converts, or anusim, from those who joined another faith of their own volition, meshumadim. 1995 State Jrnl.-Reg. (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 11 Sept. 4 By Jewish standards, a ‘messianic Jew’ is a meshumad, a rejector. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1817
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