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单词 pollute
释义

polluteadj.

Forms: Middle English pollut, Middle English poluht (transmission error), Middle English polut, Middle English polute, Middle English–1600s (1800s poetic) pollute; Scottish pre-1700 pollut, pre-1700 pollute, pre-1700 polute.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pollūtus.
Etymology: < classical Latin pollūtus corrupt, depraved, use as adjective of past participle of polluere pollute v. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French polute , Middle French pollute , poluste (only as feminine; 1382 as pollute ), Middle French, †French pollu (c1200 in Old French), Spanish poluto (a1300 or earlier as polluto ), Portuguese poluto (15th cent. as polutu ), Italian polluto (a1342). Compare pollute v., pollution n., and slightly later polluted adj. N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (pǫ̆liū·t) /pəˈl(j)uːt/.
Obsolete (poetic in later use).
Polluted, corrupted; impure.Originally as past participle of pollute v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [adjective]
mixedc1300
pollutea1382
infectc1384
unpurea1398
fouledc1400
drossyc1420
polluteda1425
defouledc1440
dreggyc1440
feculent1471
filed1483
violate?c1500
feding1502
fly-blown1528
cankered1530
defiled1530
contagious1547
dregful1552
contaminatea1555
menstruous1560
dreggish1561
conspurcate1563
empoisoned1581
inquinated?1593
pollutionate1593
fly-bitten1598
impure1598
druggy1599
contaminated1609
transboundary1918
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxi. 5 Þis weie is pollut [a1425 L.V. defoulyd; L. polluta], but & it to dai schal ben halewed in þe vesselis.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 181 (MED) Tyme in his owne kynde may neþer be holy ne pollut.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxxii. sig. l.vi Lest the..wiked myscreauntes With pollute handes..Shulde touche her body.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) v. 1663 A woman þan of pollute fayme, Þat callit Melancia was be nayme.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn ii, in Poems 3 And on her naked shame, Pollute with sinfull blame, The Saintly Vail of Maiden white to throw.
1830 W. Phillips Mt. Sinai iii. 327 With moral leprosy pollute of heart, And dead to righteousness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

pollutev.

Brit. /pəˈl(j)uːt/, U.S. /pəˈlut/
Forms: Middle English pelute (transmission error), Middle English polewt, Middle English pollut, Middle English–1500s polute, Middle English– pollute, 1500s–1600s pullute; Scottish pre-1700 polute, pre-1700 1700s– pollute. Also past tense and past participle Middle English pollut, Middle English pollute, Middle English pollutt, Middle English polut, Middle English polute; Scottish pre-1700 polluat, pre-1700 pollute, pre-1700 polutted.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pollūt-, polluere.
Etymology: < classical Latin pollūt-, past participial stem of polluere to make ceremonially impure, to violate, degrade, to make foul or dirty, to soil, stain < por- forward ( < an ablaut variant of the Indo-European base of pro- pro- prefix1) + luere to make dirty < the same base as lutum mud (see lutum n.). Compare Middle French, French polluer (1461; compare earlier polluir (a1403), pollué , adjective (1367)), Old Occitan polluir (15th cent.; Occitan polluir ), Spanish †polluir , †poluir (a1428 as polluir ; rare; compare also polludar (a1432 in apparently isolated use)), Portuguese poluir (1589 as polluir ), Italian polluire (a1328; chiefly as past participle polluto ). Compare pollute adj. and pollution n.
1. transitive. To make morally impure; to violate the purity or sanctity of; to profane or desecrate; †to render ceremonially unclean (obsolete). Now also: to corrupt, sully.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > [verb (transitive)] > make ceremonially unclean
pollutea1382
defoulc1449
defile1535
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile
afileeOE
awemOE
filec1175
wemc1175
soila1250
foulc1330
defoula1340
bleckc1380
blemishc1380
pollutea1382
tache1390
sulpa1400
vilec1400
spota1413
stain1446
defilec1450
violate1490
tan1530
smear1549
beray1576
moil1596
discolour1598
smut1601
bespurtle1604
sullya1616
commaculatec1616
decolour?c1622
collutulate1623
deturpate1623
berust1631
smutch1640
discolorate1651
smoot1683
tarnish1695
tar1817
dirten1987
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xx. 25 Ȝif..þou rerist þi cullter apon it [sc. the altar], it schall be polutid [a1425 L.V. polluted ether defoulid].
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. 278 That I hadde pollut and defouled my conscience.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 36 (MED) Þei polewt þe hous, for þei leede mani in to synne.
1544 J. Bale Sel. Wks. (1849) 8 Polydorus Vergilius..polluting our English Chronicles most shamefully with his Romish lies and other Italish beggarys.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 42 I may not, I dare not pollute Gods heaunlye, with handling.
1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix i. iii. iii. 92 Grosse abominations..the very relation of which is sufficient to pollute the eares that heare them, the common aire that receives them.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 104 Hide thy self in the shadow of thy shame, and pollute not noble society.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xv. 153 Ungrateful wretch, begone, and no longer pollute my dwelling with thy baseness.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xl. 75 Churches and altars were polluted by atrocious murders.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. viii. 526 The clergy..urging him to exterminate the heretics, whose presence they thought polluted France.
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd II. xi. 126 O, if she..could only stand again..and dare Troy or any other man to pollute a hair of her head by his interference!
1919 E. Wharton French Ways vii. i. 122 The Puritan reflex causes the reader to fling aside the page polluted by this statement.
1992 Metro (San Jose, Calif.) 7 May 9/5 A society polluted by racism.
2. transitive. To make physically impure, foul, or filthy; to dirty, stain, or taint. Now esp.: to contaminate (the air, water, land, etc.) with noxious or poisonous substances; to introduce excessive levels of light, noise, organic waste, etc., into (the environment). Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)]
afileeOE
besmiteeOE
shenda950
befilec1000
bisulienc1200
defoulc1320
file1340
foilc1380
smota1387
lime1390
solwea1400
surda1400
infectc1425
filtha1450
poison?a1513
defile1530
polluve1533
inquinate1542
pollute1548
contaminate1563
bumfiddlec1595
impure1598
conspurcate1600
defoil1601
sullya1616
vilify1615
deturpate1623
impiate1623
defedate1628
dreg1628
contemerate1650
spot1741
empoison1775
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > environmental pollution > pollute the environment [verb (transitive)]
poisona1470
pollute1966
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxiij Thei..with their proper bloud, embrued and polluted their awne handes.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. ii. 115 No drop of the bloud should fall into the water, least the same shuld therby be polluted.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xxxv. 64 Ciceros divine and painfull labours..were polluted by flies and moths in every Book binders shop.
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 972 The wings are long and blackish, and polluted with little black spots.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 251 Then Nereus strikes the deep, the Billows rise, And, mix'd with Ooze and Sand, pollute the Skies.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xix. 30 Shall Flies and Worms obscene, pollute the Dead?
1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 598 The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacæ.
1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing ii. 15 A large part of London was in the daily habit of using water polluted by the drainage of its sewers and water-closets.
1897 Japan Times 10 Apr. 3/4 How many ri of the inundated tracts of land along the rivers could possibly be polluted by the poisonous matter from the mine?
1931 E. Ferber Amer. Beauty xv. 287 He was working in the coning room, the best-paid department of the great rambling structure whose acids and offal had for years polluted the river.
1966 Petroleum Handbk. (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) (ed. 5) 144/1 The absence of sulphur ensures that the products of combustion are non-corrosive..and do not pollute the atmosphere.
1973 New Earth Catal. 59/3 Plant—don't pollute.
1994 W. Maples & M. Browning Dead Men do tell Tales xv. 265 Bacteria swarm in the remains, flies move in and pollute the body with their DNA.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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