planktonn.

1889 Times 25 Oct. 10/6 A report from Kiel, dated October 21, states that the steamer National reached Ascension September 10, where the Plankton Expedition was received in the most friendly manner.

1890 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 12 115 Under the name ‘plankton’ Professor Hensen includes everything which, both in animals and plants, is involuntarily carried along by the waves and currents of the ocean.

1892 Jrnl. Marine Biol. Assoc. 2 340 Variations of the floating fauna and flora, or plankton, of the Plymouth Waters.

1939 F. E. Clements & V. E. Shelford Bio-ecology ix. 306 In the plankton studies of Eddy.., the pelagic animals belonging properly with the plankton were not considered along with it.

1947 Sci. News 4 98 The vast bulk of life in the open sea is composed not of active creatures such as fish or whales, but of microscopic plants, and small animals which drift with the water. They are known collectively as plankton.

1990 Environment 35/2 The study of plankton suggests that, as the water warms, they become progressively less efficient in removing carbon dioxide.

1904 Bot. Gaz. 37 473 Reduction in plankton in lakes with submerged vegetation is due to lack of plankton plants rather than to the small number of plankton animals.

1995 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 14 Dec. a6 Marine biologists are alerted when satellite photographs show sudden warm-weather blooms of algae and microscopic plankton animals off the Atlantic coast.

1893 Science 16 June 330/2 Equipment for work in experimental embryology, oecology, plankton study, etc., will be freely provided.

1989 Social Stud. Sci. 19 254 Bigelow's plankton studies were also important for understanding ocean currents.

1932 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 111 248 This fish has ceased to behave like a Cyprinoid and has become solely a plankton-feeder.

1956 A. C. Hardy Open Sea I. xv. 303 Mackerel are plankton-feeders for about half the year.

2004 Courier Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 3 July l14 Manta rays are harmless plankton feeders which have been known to let divers swim close.

1925 A. C. Hardy in Fishery Investig. 2nd Ser. 8 vii. 2 The present paper..describes investigations by means of an instrument which has been called the Plankton Indicator.

1953 Bull. Marine Ecol. 4 19 The small Plankton Indicator..has been used..during an ecological survey of the herring off the north-east coast of Scotland.

1995 Sea Frontiers (Nexis) 22 June 32 In the early 1930s this device, or the Hardy Patent Plankton Indicator as it was called then, was patented, marketed, and sold to fishermen for about $15.

1902 Geogr. Jrnl. 19 379 The plankton was drawn by a pump through a filter of hardened paper placed horizontally between two small glass filters, by which means Mr. Steenstrup obtains, he believes, the exact contents of the water more thoroughly than with a plankton-net.

1952 J. Clegg Freshwater Life Brit. Isles xviii. 293 Some form of pond-net is almost essential. Probably the type of most general utility is that known as a plankton-net... The bag part is made of fine-mesh material, and carries at its base a tube or bottle into which the organisms descend.

1990 Sci. Amer. Mar. 69/2 The continuous ram feeders..have been described as tow-net filter feeders because their method of feeding appears similar to the workings of the plankton nets towed by oceanographers.

1926 A. C. Hardy in Nature 30 Oct. 631/1 Whilst on the Discovery expedition I have been experimenting with such an instrument, which I am calling the Continuous Plankton Recorder... It is a development of the simple Plankton Indicator.., but in place of the silk netting discs, which had to be reloaded for each sample, I have substituted a long continuously moving roll operated by a propellor turned by the water through which it is towed.

1975 D. H. Cushing Marine Ecol. & Fisheries viii. 166 The plankton recorder survey..is based on monthly samples from fixed merchant ship lines across the North Sea.

1992 Jrnl. Plankton Res. 14 513 The data presented came from a larger set of five plankton recorder collections of zooplankton.