Moneran.

Brit.

/ˈmɒnərə/,

/mɒˈnɪərə/,

/məˈnɛrə/, U.S.

/məˈnɛrə/,

/məˈnɪrə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Monera.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Monera < ancient Greek μονήρης single, simple ( < μόνος (see mono- comb. form) + -ήρης , suffix forming adjectives < the root of ἀραρίσκειν to fit together, to provide with) + -a -a suffix², after German Moneren, plural (in taxonomic use Haeckel Gen. Morphol. der Organismen (1866) I. v. 135; 1825 or earlier in more general use). N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (mǫnī^ə·ră) /mɒˈnɪərə/.

Biology.

1. Originally, in Haeckel's taxonomic system: a subdivision of the single-celled organisms ( Protozoa or Protista) comprising those lacking a visible nucleus and organelles. In later use: a kingdom comprising all prokaryotic organisms (i.e. bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaebacteria) in classifications where these are distinguished from the kingdom Protista. Also (in form monera): organisms of this group, prokaryotes.In recent schemes the kingdom Monera has been replaced by the two domains Bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and Archaea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > Monera > [noun]

Monera1869

monerozoa1875

1869 tr. E. Haeckel in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 9 28 I have called those forms of life standing at the lowest grade of organization Monera.

1869 tr. E. Haeckel in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 9 35 A Protozoan organism of the Monera group.

1875 T. H. Huxley in Encycl. Brit. II. 50/1 Haeckel has shown that, among the Protozoa, there are some which are simpler than the rest, inasmuch as they are devoid of both nuclei and contractile vesicles. To these he applies the name of—1. Monera... 2.—Endoplastica.

1879 tr. E. Haeckel Evol. Man II. xv. 33 It is only in the case of Monera,—of structureless organizations without organs—that we can assume the hypothesis of spontaneous generation.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 483/2 It must be supposed, until proof to the contrary be forthcoming, that in the case of the so-called Monera either the nucleus was overlooked.., or it had been temporarily resolved into chromidia.

1938 H. F. Copeland Kingdoms of Organisms 386 The Monera are here treated as a kingdom on the basis of two assumptions: that they are the comparatively little modified descendants of whatever single form of life first appeared on earth, and that they are sharply distinguished from other organisms by the absence of nuclei.

1959 Q. Rev. Biol. 34 214/1 Authors accepting this conception generally separate the bacteria and blue-green algae from other lower organisms as the kingdom or subkingdom Monera or Mychota.

1977 T. I. Storer et al. Elements Zool. (ed. 4) i. 6/2 Scientists now classify organisms into either 4 or 5 kingdoms: Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Fungi (fungi and slime moulds), Protista, and Monera.

1994 Guardian 4 Feb. ii. 11/3 By ancient reckoning, bacteria are plants. By modern criteria, they are neither animals nor plants, but monera.

2. In singular (in form moneron). A member of the Monera; a prokaryote. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > Monera > [noun] > member of

moner1868

Monera1876

1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation I. 184 The first complete observations on the natural history of a Moneron..were made by me..in 1864.

1894 Academy 7 July 14/1 The theory of the continuity of life from moneron to man.

1976 Stud. Hist. & Philos. Sci. 7 54 The German zoologist E. H. Haeckel reported..on the existence of a group of very primitive microbes, which he called Monera. A Moneron was defined as a primitive form of life consisting of undifferentiated protoplasm and lacking a nucleus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monera
释义	Moneran. Brit. /ˈmɒnərə/, /mɒˈnɪərə/, /məˈnɛrə/, U.S. /məˈnɛrə/, /məˈnɪrə/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Monera. Etymology: < scientific Latin Monera < ancient Greek μονήρης single, simple ( < μόνος (see mono- comb. form) + -ήρης , suffix forming adjectives < the root of ἀραρίσκειν to fit together, to provide with) + -a -a suffix², after German Moneren, plural (in taxonomic use Haeckel Gen. Morphol. der Organismen (1866) I. v. 135; 1825 or earlier in more general use). N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (mǫnī^ə·ră) /mɒˈnɪərə/. Biology. 1. Originally, in Haeckel's taxonomic system: a subdivision of the single-celled organisms ( Protozoa or Protista) comprising those lacking a visible nucleus and organelles. In later use: a kingdom comprising all prokaryotic organisms (i.e. bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaebacteria) in classifications where these are distinguished from the kingdom Protista. Also (in form monera): organisms of this group, prokaryotes.In recent schemes the kingdom Monera has been replaced by the two domains Bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and Archaea. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > Monera > [noun] Monera1869 monerozoa1875 1869 tr. E. Haeckel in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 9 28 I have called those forms of life standing at the lowest grade of organization Monera. 1869 tr. E. Haeckel in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 9 35 A Protozoan organism of the Monera group. 1875 T. H. Huxley in Encycl. Brit. II. 50/1 Haeckel has shown that, among the Protozoa, there are some which are simpler than the rest, inasmuch as they are devoid of both nuclei and contractile vesicles. To these he applies the name of—1. Monera... 2.—Endoplastica. 1879 tr. E. Haeckel Evol. Man II. xv. 33 It is only in the case of Monera,—of structureless organizations without organs—that we can assume the hypothesis of spontaneous generation. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 483/2 It must be supposed, until proof to the contrary be forthcoming, that in the case of the so-called Monera either the nucleus was overlooked.., or it had been temporarily resolved into chromidia. 1938 H. F. Copeland Kingdoms of Organisms 386 The Monera are here treated as a kingdom on the basis of two assumptions: that they are the comparatively little modified descendants of whatever single form of life first appeared on earth, and that they are sharply distinguished from other organisms by the absence of nuclei. 1959 Q. Rev. Biol. 34 214/1 Authors accepting this conception generally separate the bacteria and blue-green algae from other lower organisms as the kingdom or subkingdom Monera or Mychota. 1977 T. I. Storer et al. Elements Zool. (ed. 4) i. 6/2 Scientists now classify organisms into either 4 or 5 kingdoms: Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Fungi (fungi and slime moulds), Protista, and Monera. 1994 Guardian 4 Feb. ii. 11/3 By ancient reckoning, bacteria are plants. By modern criteria, they are neither animals nor plants, but monera. 2. In singular (in form moneron). A member of the Monera; a prokaryote. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > Monera > [noun] > member of moner1868 Monera1876 1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation I. 184 The first complete observations on the natural history of a Moneron..were made by me..in 1864. 1894 Academy 7 July 14/1 The theory of the continuity of life from moneron to man. 1976 Stud. Hist. & Philos. Sci. 7 54 The German zoologist E. H. Haeckel reported..on the existence of a group of very primitive microbes, which he called Monera. A Moneron was defined as a primitive form of life consisting of undifferentiated protoplasm and lacking a nucleus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1869
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