| 释义 |
plaitn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pleit, ploit. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pleit fold, twisting, variant of Middle French ploit (c1165 in Old French as pleit ) < an unattested post-classical Latin *plictum , use as noun of neuter of classical Latin plictus , variant of past participle of plicāre to fold (see plicate v.). Compare plight n.3Earlier currency (from the beginning of the 14th cent.) is probably implied by pleat v. This word has a complex phonological history, giving rise to a number of distinct types of written variant. Forms reflecting a diphthong are given here; for those ultimately arising from Middle English long open ē , see pleat n. and compare pleat v.; for those reflecting pronunciation with short ă , see plat n.6 and compare plat v.3; for those reflecting pronunciation with short ĕ , see plet n.1 Alongside these, the written forms treated at this entry evidently retained a similar variety of pronunciations in the modern period. J. Walker Crit. Pronouncing Dict.(1791) s.v. Plait indicates that the word spelt thus was still sometimes pronounced /pliːt/ (compare pleat n.) in the 18th cent., although this pronunciation was apparently stigmatized: ‘There is a corrupt pronunciation of this word, as if written plete, which must be carefully avoided.’ Late 17th-cent. orthoepists also record a pronunciation of plait with short ĕ (compare plet n.1), apparently by shortening of the Middle English open ē of forms at pleat n. in a monosyllable before a single final consonant (compare e.g. bread n.; see further E.J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §30). Orthoepists record the current pronunciation /plat/ of this word (compare plat n.6, plat v.3) from the second half of the 17th cent. (alongside pronunciations with the reflex of Middle English open ē ). It apparently arose by analogy with strong past tense and past participle forms of pleat v. (see β forms and discussion at that entry and see further E.J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §233), perhaps partly reinforced by association with plat adv., plat adj., and related words. N.E.D.(1907) notes that at this date (plēit) /pleɪt/ was the pronunciation generally given by dictionaries for plait n. and plait v., but that ‘in living English use’, (plæt) /plat/ was the usual pronunciation of the noun in sense 1 (‘braid’, etc.; compare plat n.6, plat v.3) and (plīt) /pliːt/ in sense 2 (‘fold’, etc.; compare pleat n., pleat v.), while (plēit) /pleɪt/ prevailed only in the U.S. The γ. forms in -ght are perhaps after plight n.3 (see β forms at that entry), although they may rather have arisen by analogy with other words which show spellings in -aight , -eight beside those in -ait (as e.g. straight adj., n., and adv.). 1. the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > [noun] > plaiting > that which is plaited α. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 66v Þe pleites [v.r. plettes] of wommen heer ben I-knytt & Ibounde wiþ laces. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > strand of c1450 T. Wimbledon (Hatton) 23 Þis corde is costome, þat is of þre pleytys [?1387 Corpus Cambr. plytis], of ydul þout, vnoneste speche, and wyckyd dede. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > protection against chafing of or by rope 1799 T. Nugent (ed. 10) i. 193/3 Lever..la fourrure du cable, to take the plait off the cable. a1877 E. H. Knight II. 1722/2 Plait..4. (Nautical.) Strands of rope-yarn twisted into foxes, or braided into sennit. c1890 VI. No. 68. 6 Oriental stitch..closely resembles herringbone in the method of working, and forms a solid plait upon the surface of the material. 1892 F. Galton v. 77 A series of rings, spirals, and plaits..breaking away into a..spiriform arrangement. 1892 I. Zangwill II. xviii. 79 The Sabbath loaves shaped like boys' tip-cats—with a curious plait of crust from point to point, and thickly sprinkled with a drift of poppy-seed, and covered with a velvet cloth embroidered with Hebrew words. 1919 T. Wright ix. 70 A Lille ground..sprinkled with dots (plaits, leadworks or points d'esprit as they are called). 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie xii. 257 There are many different maypole dances such as the plait, the twist, and the spiders web. 1983 D. Tomlinson in B. Oddie & D. Tomlinson 58 Sausage and apple plait. 2001 (Nexis) 20 Sept. 45 Five girls and two boys aged from three to eight are making a spinach and mushroom plait. 2. the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > pleating > a pleat the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > pleated fabric > pleat (Harl. 221) 402 Playte, of a clothe, plica, plicatura. 1495 (de Worde) v. xxv. 135 Yf they [sc. fowl] haue longe neckes and strechable they bynde theym as it were foldynge in pleyghtes whan they flee. 1503 in J. B. Paul (1900) II. 203 For ane elne lynnyne to the platis uptaking of the crammesy cote, xiiij d. 1541 c. 3 The said clothes..shall be folded either in pleightes or cuttelle. 1563 J. Shute sig. Biv They also fashioned the body of the pilloure, and filled it with Canalicoli, and Striges, as thoughe it were the plates of her garmentes. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay iv. iv. 116 A Talbant high topped before deuided with twelue pleites or folds. 1611 R. Cotgrave at Lombard Manche Lombarde, a stocke-sleeue; or fashion of halfe-sleeue, whose vpper part is raised, and full of plaits, or gathers. 1683 I. Walton 74 Her silk gown..in equal pleits hung down Unto the Earth. 1687 B. Randolph 40 Their stockings are most of red cloth, hanging in plaits. 1728 E. Chambers at Cloth The Lustre is given by laying a Leaf of Vellom, or fine Pastboard in each Plait of the Piece. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler I. 128 The multitude of plaits in their gowns daily disappear. 1766 47 A short coat of brown cloth, lapelled, and without plaits. 1814 T. Moore 15 Every pucker and seam were made matters of State, And a grand Household Council was held on each plait! 1850 D. G. Mitchell 227 And then smoothed down the plaits of her apron. a1884 E. H. Knight Suppl. 686/2 To change the width of plait, turn the nuts on the curved screw [etc.]. 1926 Feb. 14/1 Chiffon and crêpe frocks with plaits and frills. 1939 M. B. Picken 113/2 Sunburst p[laits], accordion-like plaits that are narrow at top and wider at the bottom, thus producing a flare. Fabric plaited on bias so that plaits radiate from a center. the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [noun] > wrinkle the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] 1574 T. Hill i Aristotle nameth them pleighted or ringed in that their bodies are deuided with pleights or rings. 1599 J. Davies 43 Therefore these plaits and folds the sound restraine, That it the Organ may more gently touch. 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal 244 In thick pleites his browes are shrunk. 1657 S. Purchas i. iii. 6 The hinder part of their bodies is full of ringes, or pleights. 1672 N. Grew iv. 117 We have the Multiplicature; as in Gooseberries,..the Plaits being not only divers in the same Leaf, but..each Leaf gather'd up in five, seven, or more Foulds. 1721 N. Bailey Frounce, a Plait, a Wrinkle. 1753 S. Richardson IV. iv. 23 A grave formal young man, his prim mouth set in plaits. 1778 E. M. da Costa 108 The plaits or foldings near the mouth are deep and very strong. 1807 C. Smith 114 And those small bells so lightly ray'd With young Aurora's rosy hue, Are to the noon-tide Sun display'd, But shut their plaits against the dew. 1828 J. Stark II. 41 The plaits distant, black, transversely sulcated with white. 1851 H. Melville cix. 528 Presently the thick plaits of his forehead relaxed. 1900 G. C. Browne in II. 11 The mesenteries are provided with well-developed retractor muscles, supported on folds or plaits of the mesogloea, which..form the so-called muscle banners. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception 1589 G. Puttenham iii. xxiv. 245 Oportet iudicem esse rudem & simplicem, without plaite or wrinkle, sower in looke and churlish in speach. 1599 E. Sandys (1632) 124 [To] search so narrowly all the plaits and hidden corners of the Papacie. 1601 B. Jonson v. ii. sig. K4 Symplicity; without foulds, without pleights, without..counterfeit. View more context for this quotation 1622 G. Hakewill (new ed.) iv. 144 A simple heart,..without pleits and foldes. a1667 Bp. J. Taylor (1719) 123 I do not desire that there should be any Fold, or Pleight, or Corner of it hidden from Thee. 1756 S. Richardson (1804) II. 92 The geniusses,..who studiously in many inexplicable plaits, wrap up their napkin'd talents. 1855 T. B. Macaulay IV. xxi. 581 Two characters..of which he knew all the plaits and windings. Compounds society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > other dances > [noun] 1876 G. Wheeler xviii. 178 Perhaps the prettiest execution of this evening Kôlâttam, or plait dance, round a maypole, to the air of ‘Bonnie Dundee’. 2000 (Nexis) 4 May 28 Teams of county people got tangled up around the maypole while trying the traditional Single Plait dance. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > machine-made 1844 G. Dodd vii. 229 In ‘fancy broad-net’ the device as well as the groundwork are made at the machine. In ‘plait-net’ the same thing is observable, and also in ‘tatting-net’. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > using specific materials 1901 10 616 Plait-stitch. 1934 M. Thomas 2 Plaited Algerian Stitch has the same appearance as Plait Stitch on Canvas, but the working method is different. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > interlaced 1871 A. Ure 374 The Leghorn or Tuscan is the straw of a variety of bearded wheat, grown expressly on poor sandy soils, pulled when green, and then bleached. Other kinds of the grass tribe besides wheat furnish straws available for plait-work. 1899 S. Baring-Gould II. 43 The transition from plaitwork to knotwork took place in Italy between 563 and 774. 1959 E. A. Fisher 69 In interlacement... The patterns were of amazing variety... 1. Regular plaitwork, of simple under and over weave. 2. Broken plaitwork, with breaks in the weave at irregular intervals. 3. Knotwork, derived from plaitwork by introducing breaks, twists and loops in the weave at regular intervals. 1999 (Nexis) 17 July (Travel section) 6 Everywhere you look there are..the monolithic remains of Celtic crosses carved with intricate plaitwork patterns, with knots and twists and words that tell of saints and kings and abbots. Derivatives 1854 4 Mar. IX. 64/1 Bracelets with bead-like, and link-like, and feather-like, and plait-like, and wave-like, and curl-like, and damask-like convolutions of hair. 1901 10 617/1 The stitches cross in the middle, and the plait-like appearance is attained. 1959 G. Vernadsky iv. 170 The plait-like feathers of the bird of the St. Donatus's capital at Rab. 1995 130 152/2 Hyphae of L. deterrimus were densely interwoven to a plait-like pattern on the surface of spruce callus cells. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † plaitadj.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English plait , plait v. Etymology: < plait, variant strong past participle of plait v. (see β forms at that entry). Compare earlier plaited adj., platted adj.1, plet adj. Scottish. Obsolete. the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > [adjective] > intertwined or interwoven 1529 in H. M. Paton (1957) I. 7 For xxii stanis..maid irne werk in plait wyndok to the southt lycht..in the greit wter chalmer. 1585 in (1883) 193/1 Thre myanes of found,..tua thairof montait uith plait quheill and buschit with irne. the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > [adjective] > coiling or twisting together > coiled or twisted together 1583 17 Sept. Ane Frenche selve blak hait lynit with veluot and ane plait silk string. a1648 W. Bowie (1855) xxii For thrie unce siluer plaitt laice [£5/13/4] the unce. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). plaitv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: plait n. Etymology: < plait n. Compare earlier pleat v., plight v.2, and also plat v.3, plet v.For a discussion of the phonological and pronunciation history of this word see plait n. 1. the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)] > plait α. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 66v Wommen here is I-delid & I-sched & I-pleited & I-bounde with lacys. a1450 (c1395) Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in (New Coll. Oxf.) (1850) 73/1 Cherubyn..holden hem to gidre ouer al fleynge, and to hem siluen ben thurȝ out pleitid. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda i. ii. 29 The hayre of their heades is long lyke vnto womens, and pleited vnder theyr toockes. the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > invent, devise [verb (transitive)] 1642 T. Fuller i. ii. 31 When devotion is thus artificially plaited into houres it may take up mens minds in formalities. 1642 T. Fuller v. vii. 386 Till one unexpected counterblast of Fortune ruffled yea blew away all his projects so curiously plaited. 1861 C. Dickens III. vi. 88 Whatever night-fancies and night-noises crowded on me, they never warded off this don't go home. It plaited itself into what-ever I thought of, as a bodily pain would have done. 1894 R. Kipling 185 You can twist it, you can turn it, you can plait it till you drop. 1915 V. Woolf vii. 104 Great trees now shaded all but the centre of the road, and a mountain stream, so shallow and so swift that it plaited itself into strands as it ran. 1931 V. Woolf 220 My destiny has been that I..must plait into one cable the many threads, the thin, the thick, the broken, the enduring of our long history, of our tumultuous and varied day. 1990 40 i. 50 The robust corporeal discoveries of early adolescence are also plaited into this prose. the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)] > plait > form by the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > make headgear [verb (transitive)] > make hats > carry out specific processes 1723 J. Barker 15 Come, gentle Muse! assist me now, A double Wreath plait for my Brow, Of Poetry and Physick too. 1741 S. Johnson Drake in Jan. 40 Baskets plaited so artificially that they held Water. 1816 W. Scott I. xii. 263 Edie Ochiltree..plaits rush-swords and grenadier caps for the weans. 1821 M. Graham Jrnl. 14 Oct. in (1993) 35 In the interstices between them, along the walls, are..negroes plaiting hats or mats. 1856 E. B. Fitton 68 Neatly made baskets, plaited from flax, and known by the name of ‘Maori kits’. 1927 V. Woolf i. xvii. 149 They might cut his hair from him, plait him watch-chains, or interrupt him at his work... But indeed she was not jealous. 2003 7 Apr. Grandmothers note with disapproval that teenage granddaughters can't even cook a meal, let alone plait a mat or weave a skirt! 2. the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (transitive)] > arrange in folds or pleat the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > pleat the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (intransitive)] > plait α. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 126 Among þe riche rayes I..Brochide hem wiþ a pakke nedle, & pleit [v.rr. pletede, plite, pleyȝt, plyȝte; c1400 B text v.rr. playte, plyghted; C bond] hem togidere. 1611 J. Speed vi. vii. 199/1 Wearing a kirtle therunder very thicke pleited. 1624 J. Taylor sig. B4 She wrings, she folds, she pleites, she smooths, she starches, She stiffens, poakes, & sets & dry againe. the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (transitive)] the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [verb (transitive)] > contract or relax c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1881) ii. 697 And what to done best and what to eschewe Þat pleytede sche ful ofte in manye a fold. a1500 (Cambr.) (1949) 342 (MED) Wyth scharpe axus of stell He playtede her basnetus well. 1570 P. Levens sig. Qivv/2 To Playt a nayle, replicare. 1642 T. Fuller ii. ix. 81 Some..seem farre older then they are, and plait and set their brows in an affected sadnesse. 1776 J. Lee (ed. 3) 386 Where the Margin is plaited, but the Folds do not reach to the middle Rib of the Disk. 1822 J. Parkinson 56 With thick lamellæ windingly plaited, subcristated. 1833 J. Rennie 51 The tail, with its peculiar fin, more or less plaited. 1854 S. P. Woodward ii. 254 In the ‘cock's-comb’ oysters both valves are plaited. 1872 H. A. Nicholson 351 The parietes of the teeth are deeply plaited and folded, so as to give rise to a complicated ‘labyrinthine’ pattern in the transverse section of the tooth. 1944 J. E. Spurr I. viii. 60 The ridges on the surface of the mare are not straight; they are curving, branching, imbricating, plaited. the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > legs or feet 1616 in J. G. Dalyell (1834) 448 [She] past the boundis of hir ground, and thair sat doun plaiting hir feit betuix the merchis. 1799 J. Robertson 540 A too quick growing of the hoofs, which plaited under his feet and made him lame. 1821 R. Hogg in J. Hogg (ed. 3) 277 My bonnie gray, I find ye plaittin' at the knee. 1929 D. H. Lawrence 36 Horses, gay horses, swirling round and plaiting In a long line, their heads laid over each other's necks. 1977 10 June 18/3 ‘Night occasionally put a toe down not quite true,’ means the horse both plaits and dishes. 1994 (Nexis) 2 May The ground is so uneven, even the most sure-footed of horses will plait his legs on you now and then. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
