piningn.

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpaɪnɪŋ/

Forms: Old English–early Middle English pinung, Middle English piningge, Middle English pinunge, Middle English pinyng, Middle English pinynge, Middle English pynnyg (perhaps transmission error), Middle English pynnyng, Middle English pynyg (perhaps transmission error), Middle English pynynge, Middle English–1500s pynyng, Middle English–1600s pyning, Middle English– pining, 1600s– pineing, 1800s pinin' (Scottish), 1900s– pinin (Scottish).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pine v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pine v. + -ing suffix¹. With sense 2c compare pine n.¹ 5.

†1. The infliction or undergoing of physical or emotional pain, an instance of this; torment, torture; affliction, suffering. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]

tintreghc893

threat971

piningOE

murderOE

anguish?c1225

woea1250

pinec1275

tormentc1290

languorc1300

heartbreakc1330

surcarkingc1330

martyrement1340

threst1340

agonyc1384

martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

martyre?a1400

tormentisec1405

rack?a1425

anguishing1433

angorc1450

anguishnessa1475

torture?c1550

heartsickness1556

butchery1582

heartache1587

anguishment1592

living hell1596

discruciation1597

heart-aching1607

throeing1615

rigour1632

crucifixion1648

lancination1649

bosom-hell1674

heart-rending1707

brain-racking1708

tormentation1789

bosom-throe1827

angoisse1910

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment

piningOE

anguishc1225

pinsing?c1225

tormentc1290

afflictiona1382

martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

labourc1390

martyryc1390

throea1393

martyre?a1400

cruelty14..

rack?a1425

hacheec1430

prong1440

agonya1450

ragea1450

pang1482

sowing1487

cruciation1496

afflict?1529

torture?c1550

pincha1566

anguishment1592

discruciament1593

excruciation1618

fellness1642

afflictedness1646

pungency1649

perialgia1848

perialgy1857

racking1896

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xiv. 294 Sume hi wæron on fyre forbærnde, sume on sæ adrencte, & mid mislicum pinungum acwealde.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Hi..pined heom untellendlice pining.

a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 97 Hi neren aferede of nane licamliche pinunge.

c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 899 (MED) Man..spareþ more sinne..For þe doute of gret pining, þan for þe loue of heuen king.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 40 (MED) Hys saule after hys deþe Soffrey harde pynynge.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2521 (MED) For pynyng, for wepyng, for cryyng, alas, Fursyne almoste confunded was.

a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 25 (MED) We grucche to come to hym..wiþ hard fleisch pynyngis & deeþ suffride at þe eende, as martires diden.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 254/2 Pynyng of a man in prisone to confesse the trouthe, torture.

a1596 G. Peele Loue King Dauid & Fair Bethsabe (1599) sig. Hij To cheere my pinings past all earthly ioies.

1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. i. v. 89 Rack'd with violent Convulsions, accompany'd with dismal Outcries, Foamings, gnashing of Teeth, Pinings, and miserable Bruises and Torments.

a. Wasting away through disease or hunger; starvation; an instance of this. Also: languishing, emotional exhaustion; an intense longing or grief (for).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [noun]

wasting1398

pininga1450

consumation1551

waste1570

marasmus1574

colliquation1601

marasme1612

decrement1646

wearing1654

unnourishment1662

decline1783

undermining1897

abiotrophy1902

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > starvation or action of starving

hungerc825

faminec1405

pininga1450

famishmentc1470

famishing1490

starving1549

pine1567

affamishment1588

hunger-starving1592

starvation1762

clemming1773

starvation1775

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [noun] > pining

pine1567

pining1579

a1450 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Caius) l. 1645 + 8 (MED) Sende me mete & drynk..þou woost..Al my nede and my pynyng.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Jan. 48 With mourning pyne I, you with pyning mourne.

1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 99 Consumptions, or pynings away of the bodie.

a1656 J. Hales Golden Remains (1673) i. 245 One of them..resolved to die, by pining and abstaining from..sustenance.

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Marcessibility, a pining away, a Consumption.

1799 H. de Bellgrave True Hist. Henrietta of Bellgrave 6 Wasted with continual pinings in youth, I suffer all the decays that age could have produc'd.

1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. iii. 270 The bitter pains and pinings of their unsatisfied hunger.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 479 In pining..we note loss of water, loss of plasma, and loss of red corpuscles.

1943 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 16 June 5/6 Both preacher and doctor must listen to our pinings and whinings.

1994 N.Y. Times 7 Aug. ii. 28/5 Madness and depressive pining for a dead lover are the bread and butter of early Romantic opera and song.

b. Chiefly Scottish. The curing or drying of fish. Cf. pine v. 6a. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum iv. 43 Some expert Anglers preserve Salmon-Spawn from pineing with Salt.

1706 Articles of Union 48 The Laws and Acts of Parliament in Scotland, for Pining, Curing and Packing of Herring, White Fish and Salmon for Export.

1801 Farmer's Mag. 2 320 There has been drawn out by the salt, 8 gallons of bloody juices from 432 lb. of beef. This is of the nature of pining of herrings, by the Dutch.

1845 Statist. Accts. XV. 170 The art of fish-curing in this manner is well understood, and the essential principle of pining or pressure is..scientifically applied.

1978 A. Fenton Northern Isles lxvi. 580 The end of the drying or pining..process was marked by the appearance on the fish of a white bloom or efflorescence.

c. Chiefly British regional. = pine n.¹ 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep

pocka1325

soughta1400

pox1530

mad1573

winter rot1577

snuffa1585

leaf1587

leaf-sickness1614

redwater1614

mentigo1706

tag1736

white water1743

hog pox1749

rickets1755

side-ill1776

resp1789

sheep-fag1789

thorter-ill1791

vanquish1792

smallpox1793

shell-sicknessc1794

sickness1794

grass-ill1795

rub1800

pine1804

pining1804

sheep-pock1804

stinking ill1807

water sickness1807

core1818

wryneck1819

tag-belt1826

tag-sore1828

kibe1830

agalaxia1894

agalactia1897

lupinosis1899

trembling1902

struck1903

black disease1906

scrapie1910

renguerra1917

pulpy kidney1927

dopiness1932

blowfly strike1933

body strike1934

sleepy sickness1937

swayback1938

twin lamb disease1945

tick pyaemia1946

fly-strike1950

maedi1952

nematodiriasis1957

visna1957

maedi-visna1972

visna-maedi1972

1804 in Trans. Highl. Soc. (1807) 3 404 Pining..is..most severe upon young sheep.

1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 483 Two exterminating diseases, the pining and the foot rot, neither of which was known in that district till the extermination of the moles.

1892 Denham Tracts I. vii. 331 They are never visited with the rot, or subjected to any other disease except what is termed pineing.

1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 1804 An outbreak of pining occurred among ewes and hoggs on the same hill farm.

1961 Times 23 June 7/7 In Cornwall, for instance, areas of high pernicious anaemia mortality are also areas in which ‘pining’ due to cobalt deficiency occurs in sheep.

1988 W. A. D. Riach Galloway Gloss. 33 Pinin, wasting sickness.

†3. A withered or dead part of a plant. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > withered remains

reliquiae1832

induviae1835

pining1853

1853 M. Arnold Poems (new ed.) 178 On the wet umbrage of their glossy tops On the red pinings of their forest floor.

Compounds

† pining-house n. Obsolete = hunger-house n. at hunger n. Compounds 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > pre-slaughtering enclosure

pining-house1802

hunger-house1839

pining-lair1893

1802 Hull Advertiser 4 Dec. 2/2 Pining-house.

1875 Gainsburgh News 25 Sept. To be let..butcher's shop, with slaughter-house, pining-house, and every convenience.

† pining-lair n. Obsolete rare = pining-house n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > pre-slaughtering enclosure

pining-house1802

hunger-house1839

pining-lair1893

1893 Whitby Gaz. 3 Nov. 3/6 In two instances the pining-lairs or hunger-houses are within the [butchers'] shops or open directly into them.

† pining stake n. Obsolete rare the cross on which Jesus died.

ΚΠ

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 77 He by-held hyne þer a set, Ryȝt atte hys pynyng stake.

† pining-stool n. Obsolete a stool used for public punishment, a cucking-stool.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [noun] > stool or ducking-stool

cuck-stool1200

thewc1273

cucking-stoolc1308

stoolc1308

pining-stoolc1400

scolding stool1474

tumbrila1513

cuckle-stool1592

ducking-stool1597

gum-stool1623

trebucheta1641

gumble-stool1653

gogingstool1679

ducking tumbrel1688

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 67 Meiris & ma[ce]ris..ben mene Betwyn þe king & þe comunes to kepe þe lawis, As to punisshen on pillories & on pynnyng [v.rr. pynynge, pynnyg; kuckyng; c1400 C text pynyng] stolis Breweris & bakeris, bocheris & cokes.

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1035 We seuene fallyn on a fodyr Mankynd to chase to pynygys [perh. read pynyngys] stole.

1894 Eng. Hist. Rev. 9 361 A negligent reeve ‘shall be put in the stocks upon a pining-stool’.

† pining throes n. Obsolete rare labour pains.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > [noun] > labour or pains

cothec1000

throea1200

pining throesc1225

travailc1300

showera1350

paina1398

travailinga1400

throng1540

labouring1598

travail pang1652

travail pain1662

labour pains1703

mother-pain1709

mother-pang1710

breeding sicknessa1714

bearing pain1787

troublea1825

birth throe1837

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 524 (MED) Þe carest agein þi pinunge þraen bineomeð þe nahtes slepes.

† pining-tool n. Obsolete an instrument of torture.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxix. 423 Geoffra þine lac urum godum oððe þu byst mid eallum þisum pinungtolum getintregod.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

piningadj.

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpaɪnɪŋ/

Forms: see pine v. and -ing suffix² also 1500s pynnynge, 1600s pyening, 1700s pineing.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pine v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < pine v. + -ing suffix².

That pines (in various senses); †tormenting, afflicting, painful (obsolete); causing or suffering wasting. Also: languishing, suffering emotional pain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [adjective]

eileOE

soreOE

balefulc1200

carefulc1200

aching?c1225

pinefulc1225

sughendc1230

pininga1250

stinginga1250

toughc1275

deringa1325

unsetec1325

unwinc1330

throlya1375

encumbrousc1384

grievable1390

painful1395

plaintfula1400

sweamlya1400

swemandc1400

temptingc1400

importunea1425

sweamfulc1430

penible?a1439

discomfortingc1450

grievingc1450

remordingc1450

sorousc1503

badc1530

paining1532

raw1548

nippingc1550

smartful1556

pinching1563

grievesome1568

griping1568

afflictive1576

pressing1591

boisterous1599

heartstruck1608

carkingc1620

gravaminous1659

vellicating1669

weary1785

traumatizing1970

gut-wrenching1972

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [adjective] > pining

sickOE

pining1747

a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 269 (MED) Al þat pinende pik ne walde ham þunche bote a softe bekinde bað.

c1390 Talkyng of Love of God (Vernon) (1950) 28 (MED) Al þat pyninde pich þat þei wallen Inne, ne wolde hem þinke bote a softe baþ.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 9912 Ȝyt aftyrward he lete hym slo with ful vyle deþ and pynyng wo.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 4172 (MED) A cloude..As any pynaund pik þe planetis it hidis.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxi^v To dwel in this pynande prison.

1562 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tounge (new ed.) vi. lxxii, in Wks. sig. Ddij^v Ye : pining graffes, great growers as can bee.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cvi. 268 Some pining and mismannered hunger.

1674 J. Milton Paradise Lost (ed. 2) xi. 300 Moon-struck madness, pining Atrophie.

1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 77 Joint-racking Gout..and pining Atrophy.

1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 Pineing Love shall waste their Youth.

1803 W. Wordsworth Yew-trees 22 A pillared shade, Upon whose grassless floor of red-brown hue, By sheddings from the pining umbrage tinged Perennially.

1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience ii. 46 He is a high-hearted freeman and no pining slave.

1991 Face Feb. 93 Massachusetts snapper Jim Hoopes has launched Operation Desert Cheer, taking lingerie shots for the ladies to send to their pining hubbies.

Compounds

†

pining sickness n. Obsolete wasting disease; cf. pine n.¹ 5, pining n. 2c.

ΚΠ

1583 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1886) I. 137 [Visitation of a certain infirmity called] the pining siknes.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxxviii. 12 He will cut mee off with pining sicknesse .

1860 C. M. Yonge Friarswood Post-Office v. 80 He was being ‘cut off with pining sickness.’

Derivatives

ˈpiningly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [adverb]

piningly1561

tabidlya1682

consumptively1697

tubercularly1834

wastingly1834

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 3 When the dull hardnesse, which y^e wicked do desirously labor to get to despise God withal, doth lie piningly in their hartes.

1640 D. Lupton Glory of their Times Concl. 538 These holy men..offer their lives and bodies as a living sacrifice to God; not grudgingly or piningly, but with alacrity of spirit.

1770 G. Stokes Serm. Preached in Marafelt, 1769 14 He soweth and another reapeth..and therefore he toils piningly and heartlessly.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 56 Small the wage he gains That many a child most piningly maintains.

1995 Detroit News (Nexis) 1 June c3 What a Whoopi Goldberg character once piningly referred to as ‘lawng, lugzoorious blawnd hair’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pining
释义	piningn. Brit. /ˈpʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpaɪnɪŋ/ Forms: Old English–early Middle English pinung, Middle English piningge, Middle English pinunge, Middle English pinyng, Middle English pinynge, Middle English pynnyg (perhaps transmission error), Middle English pynnyng, Middle English pynyg (perhaps transmission error), Middle English pynynge, Middle English–1500s pynyng, Middle English–1600s pyning, Middle English– pining, 1600s– pineing, 1800s pinin' (Scottish), 1900s– pinin (Scottish). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pine v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pine v. + -ing suffix¹. With sense 2c compare pine n.¹ 5. †1. The infliction or undergoing of physical or emotional pain, an instance of this; torment, torture; affliction, suffering. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun] tintreghc893 threat971 piningOE murderOE anguish?c1225 woea1250 pinec1275 tormentc1290 languorc1300 heartbreakc1330 surcarkingc1330 martyrement1340 threst1340 agonyc1384 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 martyre?a1400 tormentisec1405 rack?a1425 anguishing1433 angorc1450 anguishnessa1475 torture?c1550 heartsickness1556 butchery1582 heartache1587 anguishment1592 living hell1596 discruciation1597 heart-aching1607 throeing1615 rigour1632 crucifixion1648 lancination1649 bosom-hell1674 heart-rending1707 brain-racking1708 tormentation1789 bosom-throe1827 angoisse1910 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment piningOE anguishc1225 pinsing?c1225 tormentc1290 afflictiona1382 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 labourc1390 martyryc1390 throea1393 martyre?a1400 cruelty14.. rack?a1425 hacheec1430 prong1440 agonya1450 ragea1450 pang1482 sowing1487 cruciation1496 afflict?1529 torture?c1550 pincha1566 anguishment1592 discruciament1593 excruciation1618 fellness1642 afflictedness1646 pungency1649 perialgia1848 perialgy1857 racking1896 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xiv. 294 Sume hi wæron on fyre forbærnde, sume on sæ adrencte, & mid mislicum pinungum acwealde. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Hi..pined heom untellendlice pining. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 97 Hi neren aferede of nane licamliche pinunge. c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 899 (MED) Man..spareþ more sinne..For þe doute of gret pining, þan for þe loue of heuen king. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 40 (MED) Hys saule after hys deþe Soffrey harde pynynge. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2521 (MED) For pynyng, for wepyng, for cryyng, alas, Fursyne almoste confunded was. a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 25 (MED) We grucche to come to hym..wiþ hard fleisch pynyngis & deeþ suffride at þe eende, as martires diden. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 254/2 Pynyng of a man in prisone to confesse the trouthe, torture. a1596 G. Peele Loue King Dauid & Fair Bethsabe (1599) sig. Hij To cheere my pinings past all earthly ioies. 1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. i. v. 89 Rack'd with violent Convulsions, accompany'd with dismal Outcries, Foamings, gnashing of Teeth, Pinings, and miserable Bruises and Torments. 2. a. Wasting away through disease or hunger; starvation; an instance of this. Also: languishing, emotional exhaustion; an intense longing or grief (for). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [noun] wasting1398 pininga1450 consumation1551 waste1570 marasmus1574 colliquation1601 marasme1612 decrement1646 wearing1654 unnourishment1662 decline1783 undermining1897 abiotrophy1902 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > starvation or action of starving hungerc825 faminec1405 pininga1450 famishmentc1470 famishing1490 starving1549 pine1567 affamishment1588 hunger-starving1592 starvation1762 clemming1773 starvation1775 the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [noun] > pining pine1567 pining1579 a1450 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Caius) l. 1645 + 8 (MED) Sende me mete & drynk..þou woost..Al my nede and my pynyng. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Jan. 48 With mourning pyne I, you with pyning mourne. 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 99 Consumptions, or pynings away of the bodie. a1656 J. Hales Golden Remains (1673) i. 245 One of them..resolved to die, by pining and abstaining from..sustenance. 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Marcessibility, a pining away, a Consumption. 1799 H. de Bellgrave True Hist. Henrietta of Bellgrave 6 Wasted with continual pinings in youth, I suffer all the decays that age could have produc'd. 1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. iii. 270 The bitter pains and pinings of their unsatisfied hunger. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 479 In pining..we note loss of water, loss of plasma, and loss of red corpuscles. 1943 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 16 June 5/6 Both preacher and doctor must listen to our pinings and whinings. 1994 N.Y. Times 7 Aug. ii. 28/5 Madness and depressive pining for a dead lover are the bread and butter of early Romantic opera and song. b. Chiefly Scottish. The curing or drying of fish. Cf. pine v. 6a. Now rare. ΚΠ 1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum iv. 43 Some expert Anglers preserve Salmon-Spawn from pineing with Salt. 1706 Articles of Union 48 The Laws and Acts of Parliament in Scotland, for Pining, Curing and Packing of Herring, White Fish and Salmon for Export. 1801 Farmer's Mag. 2 320 There has been drawn out by the salt, 8 gallons of bloody juices from 432 lb. of beef. This is of the nature of pining of herrings, by the Dutch. 1845 Statist. Accts. XV. 170 The art of fish-curing in this manner is well understood, and the essential principle of pining or pressure is..scientifically applied. 1978 A. Fenton Northern Isles lxvi. 580 The end of the drying or pining..process was marked by the appearance on the fish of a white bloom or efflorescence. c. Chiefly British regional. = pine n.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep pocka1325 soughta1400 pox1530 mad1573 winter rot1577 snuffa1585 leaf1587 leaf-sickness1614 redwater1614 mentigo1706 tag1736 white water1743 hog pox1749 rickets1755 side-ill1776 resp1789 sheep-fag1789 thorter-ill1791 vanquish1792 smallpox1793 shell-sicknessc1794 sickness1794 grass-ill1795 rub1800 pine1804 pining1804 sheep-pock1804 stinking ill1807 water sickness1807 core1818 wryneck1819 tag-belt1826 tag-sore1828 kibe1830 agalaxia1894 agalactia1897 lupinosis1899 trembling1902 struck1903 black disease1906 scrapie1910 renguerra1917 pulpy kidney1927 dopiness1932 blowfly strike1933 body strike1934 sleepy sickness1937 swayback1938 twin lamb disease1945 tick pyaemia1946 fly-strike1950 maedi1952 nematodiriasis1957 visna1957 maedi-visna1972 visna-maedi1972 1804 in Trans. Highl. Soc. (1807) 3 404 Pining..is..most severe upon young sheep. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 483 Two exterminating diseases, the pining and the foot rot, neither of which was known in that district till the extermination of the moles. 1892 Denham Tracts I. vii. 331 They are never visited with the rot, or subjected to any other disease except what is termed pineing. 1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 1804 An outbreak of pining occurred among ewes and hoggs on the same hill farm. 1961 Times 23 June 7/7 In Cornwall, for instance, areas of high pernicious anaemia mortality are also areas in which ‘pining’ due to cobalt deficiency occurs in sheep. 1988 W. A. D. Riach Galloway Gloss. 33 Pinin, wasting sickness. †3. A withered or dead part of a plant. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > withered remains reliquiae1832 induviae1835 pining1853 1853 M. Arnold Poems (new ed.) 178 On the wet umbrage of their glossy tops On the red pinings of their forest floor. Compounds † pining-house n. Obsolete = hunger-house n. at hunger n. Compounds 5. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > pre-slaughtering enclosure pining-house1802 hunger-house1839 pining-lair1893 1802 Hull Advertiser 4 Dec. 2/2 Pining-house. 1875 Gainsburgh News 25 Sept. To be let..butcher's shop, with slaughter-house, pining-house, and every convenience. † pining-lair n. Obsolete rare = pining-house n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > pre-slaughtering enclosure pining-house1802 hunger-house1839 pining-lair1893 1893 Whitby Gaz. 3 Nov. 3/6 In two instances the pining-lairs or hunger-houses are within the [butchers'] shops or open directly into them. † pining stake n. Obsolete rare the cross on which Jesus died. ΚΠ c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 77 He by-held hyne þer a set, Ryȝt atte hys pynyng stake. † pining-stool n. Obsolete a stool used for public punishment, a cucking-stool. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > public or popular punishments > [noun] > stool or ducking-stool cuck-stool1200 thewc1273 cucking-stoolc1308 stoolc1308 pining-stoolc1400 scolding stool1474 tumbrila1513 cuckle-stool1592 ducking-stool1597 gum-stool1623 trebucheta1641 gumble-stool1653 gogingstool1679 ducking tumbrel1688 c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 67 Meiris & ma[ce]ris..ben mene Betwyn þe king & þe comunes to kepe þe lawis, As to punisshen on pillories & on pynnyng [v.rr. pynynge, pynnyg; kuckyng; c1400 C text pynyng] stolis Breweris & bakeris, bocheris & cokes. a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1035 We seuene fallyn on a fodyr Mankynd to chase to pynygys [perh. read pynyngys] stole. 1894 Eng. Hist. Rev. 9 361 A negligent reeve ‘shall be put in the stocks upon a pining-stool’. † pining throes n. Obsolete rare labour pains. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > [noun] > labour or pains cothec1000 throea1200 pining throesc1225 travailc1300 showera1350 paina1398 travailinga1400 throng1540 labouring1598 travail pang1652 travail pain1662 labour pains1703 mother-pain1709 mother-pang1710 breeding sicknessa1714 bearing pain1787 troublea1825 birth throe1837 c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 524 (MED) Þe carest agein þi pinunge þraen bineomeð þe nahtes slepes. † pining-tool n. Obsolete an instrument of torture. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxix. 423 Geoffra þine lac urum godum oððe þu byst mid eallum þisum pinungtolum getintregod. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). piningadj. Brit. /ˈpʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpaɪnɪŋ/ Forms: see pine v. and -ing suffix² also 1500s pynnynge, 1600s pyening, 1700s pineing. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pine v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < pine v. + -ing suffix². That pines (in various senses); †tormenting, afflicting, painful (obsolete); causing or suffering wasting. Also: languishing, suffering emotional pain. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [adjective] eileOE soreOE balefulc1200 carefulc1200 aching?c1225 pinefulc1225 sughendc1230 pininga1250 stinginga1250 toughc1275 deringa1325 unsetec1325 unwinc1330 throlya1375 encumbrousc1384 grievable1390 painful1395 plaintfula1400 sweamlya1400 swemandc1400 temptingc1400 importunea1425 sweamfulc1430 penible?a1439 discomfortingc1450 grievingc1450 remordingc1450 sorousc1503 badc1530 paining1532 raw1548 nippingc1550 smartful1556 pinching1563 grievesome1568 griping1568 afflictive1576 pressing1591 boisterous1599 heartstruck1608 carkingc1620 gravaminous1659 vellicating1669 weary1785 traumatizing1970 gut-wrenching1972 the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [adjective] > pining sickOE pining1747 a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 269 (MED) Al þat pinende pik ne walde ham þunche bote a softe bekinde bað. c1390 Talkyng of Love of God (Vernon) (1950) 28 (MED) Al þat pyninde pich þat þei wallen Inne, ne wolde hem þinke bote a softe baþ. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 9912 Ȝyt aftyrward he lete hym slo with ful vyle deþ and pynyng wo. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 4172 (MED) A cloude..As any pynaund pik þe planetis it hidis. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxi^v To dwel in this pynande prison. 1562 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tounge (new ed.) vi. lxxii, in Wks. sig. Ddij^v Ye : pining graffes, great growers as can bee. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cvi. 268 Some pining and mismannered hunger. 1674 J. Milton Paradise Lost (ed. 2) xi. 300 Moon-struck madness, pining Atrophie. 1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 77 Joint-racking Gout..and pining Atrophy. 1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 Pineing Love shall waste their Youth. 1803 W. Wordsworth Yew-trees 22 A pillared shade, Upon whose grassless floor of red-brown hue, By sheddings from the pining umbrage tinged Perennially. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience ii. 46 He is a high-hearted freeman and no pining slave. 1991 Face Feb. 93 Massachusetts snapper Jim Hoopes has launched Operation Desert Cheer, taking lingerie shots for the ladies to send to their pining hubbies. Compounds † pining sickness n. Obsolete wasting disease; cf. pine n.¹ 5, pining n. 2c. ΚΠ 1583 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1886) I. 137 [Visitation of a certain infirmity called] the pining siknes. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxxviii. 12 He will cut mee off with pining sicknesse . View more context for this quotation 1860 C. M. Yonge Friarswood Post-Office v. 80 He was being ‘cut off with pining sickness.’ Derivatives ˈpiningly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > [adverb] piningly1561 tabidlya1682 consumptively1697 tubercularly1834 wastingly1834 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 3 When the dull hardnesse, which y^e wicked do desirously labor to get to despise God withal, doth lie piningly in their hartes. 1640 D. Lupton Glory of their Times Concl. 538 These holy men..offer their lives and bodies as a living sacrifice to God; not grudgingly or piningly, but with alacrity of spirit. 1770 G. Stokes Serm. Preached in Marafelt, 1769 14 He soweth and another reapeth..and therefore he toils piningly and heartlessly. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 56 Small the wage he gains That many a child most piningly maintains. 1995 Detroit News (Nexis) 1 June c3 What a Whoopi Goldberg character once piningly referred to as ‘lawng, lugzoorious blawnd hair’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OEadj.a1250
随便看	gorses gorseslasher gorsethatcher gorsetree gorsier gorsiest gorsy gory gory dew goryd gos gosain goschens gosee gosh gosh! gosh-awfulness gosh-darned goshawful goshawfulness goshawk goshawks goshdarned goshen goshenite