plenaryadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpliːn(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈplɛnəri/

Forms: late Middle English plenarye, late Middle English–1600s plenarie, late Middle English– plenary, 1500s plenari, 1600s plenaire (transmission error), 1600s pleniary.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin plenarius.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin plenarius fully attended, complete (late 4th cent. in Augustine in plenarium concilium ) < classical Latin plēnus full (see pleni- comb. form) + -ārius -ary suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan plenari , Catalan plenari (15th cent.), Spanish plenario (c1255 or earlier), Portuguese plenario (15th cent.), Italian plenario (13th cent.). Compare also plenar adj. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.With plenary indulgence at sense A. 1 compare French indulgeance pleniere (1636), Spanish indulgencia plenaria (a1450 or earlier), Italian indulgenza plenaria (15th cent.); with sense A. 1 compare also Middle French grace planiere (c1485). With sense B. 2 compare earlier plenarium n. The sense ‘Decisive procedure’, given by Johnson, and copied in later Dictionaries, is without foundation. In the quotation which Johnson cites from J. Ayliffe Parergon (1726) 301 ‘Institution without Induction does not make a Plenary against the King, where he has a Title to present’, plenary is a misprint for plenarty , which Ayliffe has in the correct spelling on the same page and elsewhere; for the meaning here compare quot. 1791 at plenarty n. 1.

A. adj.

1. Full, complete, or perfect; not deficient in any element or respect; absolute.Frequently in plenary indulgence, plenary power. See also plenary inspiration at inspiration n. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective]

fulleOE

plenara1325

perfectc1350

completec1380

heala1399

plenary?a1425

absolute1531

explete1534

well-accomplished1568

quit1583

orbeda1657

orbicular1673

saturate1682

rounded1746

broad-blown1855

plene1867

choate1878

ten tenth1948

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > plenary

plenary indulgence1532–3

plenary1826

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 168 Ouer which [medicines], bi cause of plenarye [?c1425 Paris fulle; L. plenarie] doctrine, bene put 4 fourmes þat ar competent in biginnyng of alle flegmonez.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 60 (MED) Our lord ȝaue power plenarie on to seynt peter.

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 31 And ther ys Plenarie Remission.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 12 §1 One supreme head and kynge..institute and furnisshed..with plenari, whole, and entier power.

1625 tr. J. Bermudes Briefe Relat. Embassage ii, in S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. vii. vii. 1153 I..granted him a plenarie Indulgence of all his sinnes.

1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Hist. Relations Flanders 161 Hee assured him..of a plenary pardon for all that was past.

1742 W. Ellis Timber-Tree ii. 36 I shall follow Mr Houghton, who gives a plenary account of it.

1789 B. Franklin in Federal Gaz. 9 Nov. 7 His court is immediately established in the plenary possession and exercise of its right.

1814 J. B. Scott Diary 2 Oct. in E. Mann Englishman at Home & Abroad (1930) v. 121 Plenary indulgences would be given on such and such a day to the souls that were in purgatory.

1877 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. v. 53 A legate..sent with plenary powers to hear the cause.

1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited i. vii. 173 I can't remember all he told me..plenary indulgences, four last things.

1993 C. Chinkin Third Parties in Internat. Law (BNC) The Council has plenary powers to administer the Agreement.

a. Of an assembly, conference, etc.: having all members in attendance; fully constituted, fully assembled; esp. attended by all participants, who otherwise meet in smaller groups. Now frequently in plenary session. Cf. plenar adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > [adjective] > full

fullOE

plenarc1300

plainc1330

plenary1483

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of

morn-speechOE

court1154

morrow-speech1183

conventicle1382

congregation1389

plenary session1483

journeyc1500

night school1529

assession1560

general meeting1565

family meeting1638

panegyris1647

desk1691

collegea1703

annual general meeting1725

mass meeting1733

panegyre1757

plenum1772

family council1797

coterie1805

Round Table1830

GA1844

indignation meeting1848

protest meeting1852

hui1858

primary1859

Quaker meeting1861

mothers' meeting1865

sit-down1868

town hall1912

jamboree1919

protest rally1921

con1940

face-to-face1960

morning prayers1961

struggle meeting1966

be-in1967

love-in1967

plenary1969

catch-up1972

rencontre1975

schmoozefest1976

1483 Mirk's Festial (Caxton) sig. diij In eche a quarter of the yere onys when the peple is most plenarye in holy chirche.

1614 T. Adams in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. Ps. ii. 12 Lord grant..that we may come to the plenary wedding supper hereafter.

1662 P. Gunning Paschal or Lent-Fast 62 Those things..are retained..from plenary, (i.e. general) councils.

1727 tr. J. M. Heiss Hist. Empire i. ii. 15 On these Festival-days [the emperors were]..attended by all their Officers and Grandees of the Kingdom, who were all invited thereto. This was called holding a plenary Court.

1878 F. J. Pabisch & T. S. Byrne tr. J. B. Alzog Man. Universal Church Hist. 990 The subjects brought forward for deliberation..were first distributed to eight Committees and discussed in sixty Plenary Sessions.

1885 Daily Chron. 12 Sept. 5/4 Both the sittings were plenary, that is, consisted of the members of all the sections and subsections.

1931 Nature 10 Oct. 644/2 At the final plenary session of the Congress, this invitation was accepted.

1954 M. Hasluck Unwritten Law in Albania xv. 154 There had been attacks on the Montenegrins by the Mirditë, which had followed on plenary assemblies of the Mirditë tribes.

1993 Tablet 18 Sept. 1191/1 A prayer notice circulated after their plenary meeting in Czestochowa.

2002 B. Hoey Her Majesty xiv. 219 As Head of the Commonwealth, the Queen attends all its Conferences, but does not take part in any of its plenary sessions.

b. Of, presented to, or taking place at such a session, conference, or assembly.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [adjective] > types of meeting

fullOE

panegyric1603

panegyricala1617

sit-down1875

quorate1893

plenary1907

inquorate1974

1907 Times 30 Aug. 3/5 The House in committee already caused the Government to view with grave anxiety the approach of the decisive plenary discussion.

1976 Archivum Linguisticum 7 154 This phase was turned into a key concept in C. A. Ferguson's plenary paper..at a recent conference on applied linguistics.

1996 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) 29 Apr. 14/1 The theme reflected the selection of the presentation and the theme of the plenary debate: ‘TESOL is a science, not an art’.

3. Law. Of a suit, action, etc.: dealt with under full formal procedures. Opposed to summary.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [adjective] > methods of proceeding

summar1555

plenary1726

summary jurisdictiona1754

accusatory1770

adversary1785

accusatorial1823

inquisitorial1823

ore tenus1831

adversarial1914

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 152 The Cause is hereby made a Plenary Cause, and ought to be determin'd Plenarily.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 526/1 Plenary, full, complete; an ordinary proceeding through all its gradations; opposed to summary.

1973 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 31 Aug. 18/1 Whether or not there is insurance coverage would more properly be the subject of a plenary action.

2004 N.Y. Law Jrnl. (Nexis) 12 Oct. 19 Defendants seek to compel arbitration via a notice of cross-motion in this plenary action.

†4. Possessing full powers or authority. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [adjective] > having full authority

plenipotentiary1646

plenary1861

1861 Sat. Rev. 30 Nov. 547 International law would be a nullity if every commander of a man-of-war were to constitute himself in the first instance a plenary judge, and condemn as contraband whatever he might like to seize on.

B. n.

†1. A plenary indulgence. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > plenary

plenary indulgence1532–3

plenary1826

1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 496 A plenary may be gained every first Sunday of the month for confessing and communicating.

2. Roman Catholic Church. A book or manuscript containing a complete set of sacred writings, e.g. all the gospels or all the epistles; = plenarium n. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > other books > [noun] > containing complete set of sacred writings

plenarium1830

plenary1909

1909 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 609/1 There were the select passages for Sunday in the so-called Plenaries, Postils, and Books of the Gospels and the Epistles.

1920 M. Deanesly Lollard Bible xii. 318 Of the three late fourteenth century English ‘plenaries’, or gospels and homilies, one is certainly Wycliffite.

3. A meeting attended by all participants at a conference or assembly; a plenary session. in plenary: when fully constituted or attended.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [adverb] > type of meeting

in plenary1969

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of

morn-speechOE

court1154

morrow-speech1183

conventicle1382

congregation1389

plenary session1483

journeyc1500

night school1529

assession1560

general meeting1565

family meeting1638

panegyris1647

desk1691

collegea1703

annual general meeting1725

mass meeting1733

panegyre1757

plenum1772

family council1797

coterie1805

Round Table1830

GA1844

indignation meeting1848

protest meeting1852

hui1858

primary1859

Quaker meeting1861

mothers' meeting1865

sit-down1868

town hall1912

jamboree1919

protest rally1921

con1940

face-to-face1960

morning prayers1961

struggle meeting1966

be-in1967

love-in1967

plenary1969

catch-up1972

rencontre1975

schmoozefest1976

1969 D. Widgery in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 122 The infrequency of Council Sessions..and its unwieldy size in plenary means that the Executive alone takes the fundamental decisions about policy implementation and initiation.

1975 New Yorker 26 May 66/3 In his speech to the conference plenary he appeared to be struggling to define the conditions.

1997 Community Care 17 July 26 (advt.) Sessions and events range from workshops and seminars for smaller groups to high profile plenaries.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plenary
释义	plenaryadj.n. Brit. /ˈpliːn(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈplɛnəri/ Forms: late Middle English plenarye, late Middle English–1600s plenarie, late Middle English– plenary, 1500s plenari, 1600s plenaire (transmission error), 1600s pleniary. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin plenarius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin plenarius fully attended, complete (late 4th cent. in Augustine in plenarium concilium ) < classical Latin plēnus full (see pleni- comb. form) + -ārius -ary suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan plenari , Catalan plenari (15th cent.), Spanish plenario (c1255 or earlier), Portuguese plenario (15th cent.), Italian plenario (13th cent.). Compare also plenar adj. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.With plenary indulgence at sense A. 1 compare French indulgeance pleniere (1636), Spanish indulgencia plenaria (a1450 or earlier), Italian indulgenza plenaria (15th cent.); with sense A. 1 compare also Middle French grace planiere (c1485). With sense B. 2 compare earlier plenarium n. The sense ‘Decisive procedure’, given by Johnson, and copied in later Dictionaries, is without foundation. In the quotation which Johnson cites from J. Ayliffe Parergon (1726) 301 ‘Institution without Induction does not make a Plenary against the King, where he has a Title to present’, plenary is a misprint for plenarty , which Ayliffe has in the correct spelling on the same page and elsewhere; for the meaning here compare quot. 1791 at plenarty n. 1. A. adj. 1. Full, complete, or perfect; not deficient in any element or respect; absolute.Frequently in plenary indulgence, plenary power. See also plenary inspiration at inspiration n. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] fulleOE plenara1325 perfectc1350 completec1380 heala1399 plenary?a1425 absolute1531 explete1534 well-accomplished1568 quit1583 orbeda1657 orbicular1673 saturate1682 rounded1746 broad-blown1855 plene1867 choate1878 ten tenth1948 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > plenary plenary indulgence1532–3 plenary1826 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 168 Ouer which [medicines], bi cause of plenarye [?c1425 Paris fulle; L. plenarie] doctrine, bene put 4 fourmes þat ar competent in biginnyng of alle flegmonez. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 60 (MED) Our lord ȝaue power plenarie on to seynt peter. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 31 And ther ys Plenarie Remission. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII c. 12 §1 One supreme head and kynge..institute and furnisshed..with plenari, whole, and entier power. 1625 tr. J. Bermudes Briefe Relat. Embassage ii, in S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. vii. vii. 1153 I..granted him a plenarie Indulgence of all his sinnes. 1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Hist. Relations Flanders 161 Hee assured him..of a plenary pardon for all that was past. 1742 W. Ellis Timber-Tree ii. 36 I shall follow Mr Houghton, who gives a plenary account of it. 1789 B. Franklin in Federal Gaz. 9 Nov. 7 His court is immediately established in the plenary possession and exercise of its right. 1814 J. B. Scott Diary 2 Oct. in E. Mann Englishman at Home & Abroad (1930) v. 121 Plenary indulgences would be given on such and such a day to the souls that were in purgatory. 1877 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. v. 53 A legate..sent with plenary powers to hear the cause. 1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited i. vii. 173 I can't remember all he told me..plenary indulgences, four last things. 1993 C. Chinkin Third Parties in Internat. Law (BNC) The Council has plenary powers to administer the Agreement. 2. a. Of an assembly, conference, etc.: having all members in attendance; fully constituted, fully assembled; esp. attended by all participants, who otherwise meet in smaller groups. Now frequently in plenary session. Cf. plenar adj. 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > [adjective] > full fullOE plenarc1300 plainc1330 plenary1483 society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of morn-speechOE court1154 morrow-speech1183 conventicle1382 congregation1389 plenary session1483 journeyc1500 night school1529 assession1560 general meeting1565 family meeting1638 panegyris1647 desk1691 collegea1703 annual general meeting1725 mass meeting1733 panegyre1757 plenum1772 family council1797 coterie1805 Round Table1830 GA1844 indignation meeting1848 protest meeting1852 hui1858 primary1859 Quaker meeting1861 mothers' meeting1865 sit-down1868 town hall1912 jamboree1919 protest rally1921 con1940 face-to-face1960 morning prayers1961 struggle meeting1966 be-in1967 love-in1967 plenary1969 catch-up1972 rencontre1975 schmoozefest1976 1483 Mirk's Festial (Caxton) sig. diij In eche a quarter of the yere onys when the peple is most plenarye in holy chirche. 1614 T. Adams in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. Ps. ii. 12 Lord grant..that we may come to the plenary wedding supper hereafter. 1662 P. Gunning Paschal or Lent-Fast 62 Those things..are retained..from plenary, (i.e. general) councils. 1727 tr. J. M. Heiss Hist. Empire i. ii. 15 On these Festival-days [the emperors were]..attended by all their Officers and Grandees of the Kingdom, who were all invited thereto. This was called holding a plenary Court. 1878 F. J. Pabisch & T. S. Byrne tr. J. B. Alzog Man. Universal Church Hist. 990 The subjects brought forward for deliberation..were first distributed to eight Committees and discussed in sixty Plenary Sessions. 1885 Daily Chron. 12 Sept. 5/4 Both the sittings were plenary, that is, consisted of the members of all the sections and subsections. 1931 Nature 10 Oct. 644/2 At the final plenary session of the Congress, this invitation was accepted. 1954 M. Hasluck Unwritten Law in Albania xv. 154 There had been attacks on the Montenegrins by the Mirditë, which had followed on plenary assemblies of the Mirditë tribes. 1993 Tablet 18 Sept. 1191/1 A prayer notice circulated after their plenary meeting in Czestochowa. 2002 B. Hoey Her Majesty xiv. 219 As Head of the Commonwealth, the Queen attends all its Conferences, but does not take part in any of its plenary sessions. b. Of, presented to, or taking place at such a session, conference, or assembly. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [adjective] > types of meeting fullOE panegyric1603 panegyricala1617 sit-down1875 quorate1893 plenary1907 inquorate1974 1907 Times 30 Aug. 3/5 The House in committee already caused the Government to view with grave anxiety the approach of the decisive plenary discussion. 1976 Archivum Linguisticum 7 154 This phase was turned into a key concept in C. A. Ferguson's plenary paper..at a recent conference on applied linguistics. 1996 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) 29 Apr. 14/1 The theme reflected the selection of the presentation and the theme of the plenary debate: ‘TESOL is a science, not an art’. 3. Law. Of a suit, action, etc.: dealt with under full formal procedures. Opposed to summary. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [adjective] > methods of proceeding summar1555 plenary1726 summary jurisdictiona1754 accusatory1770 adversary1785 accusatorial1823 inquisitorial1823 ore tenus1831 adversarial1914 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 152 The Cause is hereby made a Plenary Cause, and ought to be determin'd Plenarily. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 526/1 Plenary, full, complete; an ordinary proceeding through all its gradations; opposed to summary. 1973 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 31 Aug. 18/1 Whether or not there is insurance coverage would more properly be the subject of a plenary action. 2004 N.Y. Law Jrnl. (Nexis) 12 Oct. 19 Defendants seek to compel arbitration via a notice of cross-motion in this plenary action. †4. Possessing full powers or authority. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [adjective] > having full authority plenipotentiary1646 plenary1861 1861 Sat. Rev. 30 Nov. 547 International law would be a nullity if every commander of a man-of-war were to constitute himself in the first instance a plenary judge, and condemn as contraband whatever he might like to seize on. B. n. †1. A plenary indulgence. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penance > remission of penance > [noun] > indulgentiary > plenary plenary indulgence1532–3 plenary1826 1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 496 A plenary may be gained every first Sunday of the month for confessing and communicating. 2. Roman Catholic Church. A book or manuscript containing a complete set of sacred writings, e.g. all the gospels or all the epistles; = plenarium n. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > other books > [noun] > containing complete set of sacred writings plenarium1830 plenary1909 1909 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 609/1 There were the select passages for Sunday in the so-called Plenaries, Postils, and Books of the Gospels and the Epistles. 1920 M. Deanesly Lollard Bible xii. 318 Of the three late fourteenth century English ‘plenaries’, or gospels and homilies, one is certainly Wycliffite. 3. A meeting attended by all participants at a conference or assembly; a plenary session. in plenary: when fully constituted or attended. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [adverb] > type of meeting in plenary1969 society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of morn-speechOE court1154 morrow-speech1183 conventicle1382 congregation1389 plenary session1483 journeyc1500 night school1529 assession1560 general meeting1565 family meeting1638 panegyris1647 desk1691 collegea1703 annual general meeting1725 mass meeting1733 panegyre1757 plenum1772 family council1797 coterie1805 Round Table1830 GA1844 indignation meeting1848 protest meeting1852 hui1858 primary1859 Quaker meeting1861 mothers' meeting1865 sit-down1868 town hall1912 jamboree1919 protest rally1921 con1940 face-to-face1960 morning prayers1961 struggle meeting1966 be-in1967 love-in1967 plenary1969 catch-up1972 rencontre1975 schmoozefest1976 1969 D. Widgery in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 122 The infrequency of Council Sessions..and its unwieldy size in plenary means that the Executive alone takes the fundamental decisions about policy implementation and initiation. 1975 New Yorker 26 May 66/3 In his speech to the conference plenary he appeared to be struggling to define the conditions. 1997 Community Care 17 July 26 (advt.) Sessions and events range from workshops and seminars for smaller groups to high profile plenaries. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1425
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