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单词 pigment
释义

pigmentn.

Brit. /ˈpɪɡm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈpɪɡm(ə)nt/
Forms:

α. early Middle English pyhment, Middle English piȝement.

β. Middle English pygment, Middle English– pigment.

γ. Middle English–1500s pigmentum.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pigmentum.
Etymology: < classical Latin pigmentum colouring matter, paint, dye, ingredient in an ointment, drug, in post-classical Latin also spices, perfumes (Vetus Latina), spiced drink (9th cent.), cayenne pepper (10th cent. in a French source) < pig- , stem of pingere paint v.1 + -mentum -ment suffix. Compare Old French (Walloon) pigment balm, spice (end of the 12th cent.), and Anglo-Norman pigment , variant of piment spice, spiced wine (see piment n.). Compare piment n.In γ. forms as an unassimilated Latin loan.
1.
a. Spice; a remedy or concoction containing spices. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > a cure or remedy
leechcraftc888
leechdoma900
bootOE
helpc1000
pigment?a1200
remedya1382
medicinea1393
application?a1425
sanativec1440
healer?1523
recovery1576
curative1577
mithridate1587
cure1623
presidy1657
therapeutic1842
therapeutical1845
the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun]
pigment?a1200
aromac1220
spicea1250
spicery1297
specea1300
specerya1400
espice1483
savoura1500
sorts1530
speciesa1649
Arabia1693
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 47 Nim..gyngyfere and recels..nim þann of oþþrum pyhmentum.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 317v Pigmentum..haþ þat name as it were pilis mentum..þat is y-bete in a morter, of þe whiche spicery..he makeþ lykyng drynke and electuaries.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 71v Þo..bostez hem selfe for to cure euery fracture of þe heued with her pigmentz [?c1425 Paris pymentes; L. pigmentis] & pocionz wiþ out Cirurgie.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) vi. 167 (MED) To sauour so or so Hit [sc. cheese] may be maad with puttyng to pygment Or pepur or sum other condyment.
a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 61v (MED) Muske in pigmentes and other spices mo In vertue multiplyeth, and our medecine right so.
b. A drink made of wine flavoured with honey and spices; = piment n. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > drinks made with wine > [noun] > wine mixed with honey
piment?c1225
claryc1300
clareta1398
oenomel1568
melitism1656
pigment1819
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. iii. 61 Place the best mead,..the most odoriferous pigment, upon the board... Pigment was a sweet and rich liquor, composed of wine highly spiced, and sweetened also with honey.
1849 H. W. Herbert Dermont O'Brien vi. 90 Tankards of ale and mead, flagons of Malvoisie and Bourdeaux wines, spiced wassail bowls of hippocras and pigment.
2.
a. A coloured substance, usually artificially prepared from mineral or organic sources and used for colouring or painting; a paint, dye, colour; spec. a dry substance, usually in the form of a powder, which, when mixed with oil, water, or other liquid medium, constitutes a paint.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > pigment
pigmenta1398
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 310v Minium is a reed colour and..In spayne is more suche pigment þan in oþer londes.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Pigment, a painting.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. iii. 563 Artificiall entisements and prouocations of Gestures, Clothes, Iewels, Pigments.
1685 R. Boyle Short Mem. Hist. Mineral Waters iv. 50 Balaustium, Logwood, Brasil, and other astringent vegetable Pigments.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Nil It is probable that the convolvulus, or bindweed, called nil, obtained this name only from its flowers being of the same colour with the fine blue pigment obtained from the other nil, or woad.
1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. vii. 312 A beautiful white pigment called ceruse.
1855 J. Edwards Paint. Oil Colours 25 Vandyke Brown (Bituminous Earth.) This is a rich transparent pigment.
1883 J. Ruskin Art of Eng. 11 The harmonies possible with material pigments.
1930 E. Fyleman tr. C. A. Curtis Artific. Org. Pigments ii. 1 Pigments may be of either inorganic or organic origin. The former are known as mineral or earth pigments, and the latter as lake colours and pigment dyestuffs.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 249/1 A sage-green pigment is necessary in plastic lenses to absorb these [sc. ultra-violet] rays.
2001 P. Ball Bright Earth xiv. 382 In 1900 lead white still commanded virtually all of the market for white pigment.
b. A colouring matter occurring naturally in the tissues of an animal or plant.bile, respiratory pigment, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun]
pigment1779
biochrome1944
biochromy1944
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > of natural bodies
pigment1779
rhamnegin1866
logwood1876
biochrome1944
biochromy1944
1779 Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) 68 796 On the back part of the iris, or rather the posterior part of the aqueous humour, it was only covered over with the black coloured pigment.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 201 A deficiency of the black pigment is occasionally found in persons of a fair complexion and light hair.
1845 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man (ed. 2) 89 The discoloration depended on the presence of cells filled with pigment.
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 68 Grains of chlorophyll and allied pigments.
1908 Practitioner Aug. 349 They [sc. freckles] are an example of excess of pigment in the skin,..in contradistinction to achromasia.., in which there is a deficiency of pigment in the skin.
1960 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants xx. 297 The color of petals results from pigments in chromoplasts (carotenoids) and in the cell sap (anthocyanins).
1983 Guardian 4 Aug. 17/2 Retinaldehyde..is present in the retina of the eye combined with the visual pigment known as visual purple.
2004 Brit. Wildlife Apr. 239/2 The chromatophores in the skin [of cuttlefishes] contain one of three pigments: orange, orange-red or brown.

Compounds

C1. (Usually in sense 2b).
pigment-bearing adj.
ΚΠ
1894 Amer. Naturalist 28 319 Practically it was found to be a great advantage to leave sufficient colour to mark the position of the pigment-bearing cells.
1997 Speculum 72 975 The Elder Philostratus had paraded his knowledge of various pigment-bearing ores.
pigment cell n.
ΚΠ
1845 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man (ed. 2) 89 Description of the pigment-cells in the negro.
1953 H. Mellanby Animal Life in Fresh Water (ed. 5) vi. 57 The skin contains star-shaped pigment cells (chromatophores), the contraction or expansion of which enable the animal to lighten or darken the general body colour.
1992 Glimmer Train Winter 84 We had learned in science about pigment cells and why some people don't tan.
pigment-forming adj.
ΚΠ
1876 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 166 38 This central tube contained the pigment-forming Bacteria.
1991 Sci. Amer. Nov. 64/3 Other types of cells also reside in the epidermis... They include the melanocytes, or pigment-forming cells, [etc.].
pigment grain n.
ΚΠ
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. iii. viii. 406 The rudimentary eye, consisting, as in the Planaria, of a few pigment grains beneath the integument.
2001 P. Ball Bright Earth vii. 172 Altering the conditions of the synthesis can generate an orange material instead—the hue depends on the size of the pigment grains.
pigment granule n.
ΚΠ
1853 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 11 Pigment granules at the same time are deposited upon and in the vesicular nuclei.
1991 L. Wolpert Triumph of Embryo (BNC) 57 Pigment granules are extruded from the pigment cells as the feather grows out.
pigment-laden adj.
ΚΠ
1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. iii. 81 The tendency the pigment-laden leucocytes exhibit to carry their burden to the spleen.
1991 Pro. National Sci. U.S.A. 88 (caption) Pigment-laden cells in this olfactory bulb of the brain.
pigment molecule n.
ΚΠ
1859 Philos. Trans. 1858 (Royal Soc.) 148 628 The rolling of the pigment-molecules towards the centre of the cell.
1994 Sci. News 12 Nov. 310/1 Certain nutrients in foods, particularly pigment molecules known as carotenoids, might protect against or slow the march of macular degeneration.
pigment particle n.
ΚΠ
1870 H. Gray Anat. (new ed.) 58 (caption) Elongated vesicle, with two groups of pigment particles.
1990 Vogue Sept. 391 Dior apply a micronisation technique to create minute pigment particles which feel smoother on the skin and last longer.
pigment speck n.
ΚΠ
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 127 The black pigment specks which are seen in this variety [of leech]..seem..to point in the same direction as those more constant land-marks just specified.
1994 Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. 131 137 (title) Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura: Pigment specks and pits in unusual locations.
pigment spot n.
ΚΠ
1851 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 141 571 Four subhemispherical calcareous bodies, with black pigment spots on their outer surface.
1999 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 11902/2 (caption) Location of the red pigment spots, which are the earliest signs of the regenerating eyes, are indicated by arrows.
C2.
pigment colour n. Obsolete rare a pigment in the form of an insoluble powder, used in colouring textiles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
1862 C. O'Neill Dict. Calico Printing 168 Pigment colours, this name has been given to those colours which are in the state of powder, and insoluble in the vehicle by which they are applied to the fabric.
pigment epithelium n. Anatomy the layer of the retina next to the underlying choroid, which consists of a single layer of pigmented cells having processes that extend between the rods and cones of the adjacent layer, and which continues forwards over the posterior surfaces of the ciliary processes and the iris.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > retina > layers of
Jacob's membrane1842
plexiform layer1856
molecular layer1867
pigment epithelium1872
pigment layer1872
1872 G. R. Cutter tr. H. Frey Microscope & Microsc. Technol. 591 Deposits of lime-molecules, which may dislodge the pigment epithelium and compress the retina.
1971 T. L. Lentz Cell Fine Struct. 386 The pigment epithelium has traditionally been considered as a layer of the retina. It may more logically, however, belong to the choroid.
1997 Time (Special Issue) Fall 25/2 The disease process..starts in the layer of tissue known as rpe, or retinal pigment epithelium, cells.
pigment layer n. Anatomy = pigment epithelium n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > retina > layers of
Jacob's membrane1842
plexiform layer1856
molecular layer1867
pigment epithelium1872
pigment layer1872
1872 Amer. Naturalist 6 18 If the superficial membrane above noticed is denominated correctly the sclerotic, then the pigment layer may be regarded as the representation of the choroid.
1929 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 101/2 They constitute what is called the pigment layer of the retina.
1998 Amer. Naturalist 152 86/1 The differentiation of the retina into neural and pigment layers.
pigment printing n. (a) Photography (now chiefly historical), any of various methods of making prints using certain sensitized organic colloids; cf. carbon printing n. at carbon n. Compounds 3; (b) a method of printing textiles with water-insoluble pigments, using a resin or other bonding substance to bind the pigment to the cloth.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [noun] > printing > types of
sun painting1839
sun-printing1853
surface process1865
contact printing1876
silver-printing1878
pigment printing1879
bromide printing1885
printing out1889
screen process1890
gaslight printing1899
projection printing1923
1879 J. M. Ross Globe Encycl. V. 94/1 Such is the principle of carbon printing, or more correctly, pigment printing.
1961 H. Blackshaw & R. Brightman Dyeing & Textile Printing 132 Pigment Printing. The use of insoluble pigments which are mechanically bonded to the surface of the textile fibre by means of a film of synthetic resin or other bonding media.
1970 Focal Encycl. Photogr. 1177/2 Pigment Printing. In 1855 Poitevin made photographic prints on paper coated with gelatin mixed with colouring matter and sensitized with potassium bichromate.
2002 Home Textiles Today (Nexis) 7 Oct. 30 The five designs in the all-cotton program use pigment printing techniques.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

pigmentv.

Brit. /pɪɡˈmɛnt/, /ˈpɪɡm(ə)nt/, U.S. /pɪɡˈmɛnt/, /ˈpɪɡm(ə)nt/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pigment n.
Etymology: < pigment n. Compare earlier pigmented adj.
transitive. To colour with or as if with a pigment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colour [verb (transitive)]
dyea1000
huec1000
litc1230
coloura1325
paint?c1335
infecta1398
taint1471
recolour1566
becolour1567
tinct1594
colorate1599
colourize1611
tincture1616
tint1791
encolour1850
pigment1896
1896 Philos. Trans. 1895 (Royal Soc.) B. 186 668 The real yellow product of the reaction is formed in minute quantity only, merely pigmenting a residue of unaltered ammonium urate as stated by Wöhler.
1908 A. S. M. Hutchinson Once aboard Lugger v. i. 285 The stain enters the blood and, thence oozing, pigments every part of the being.
2004 Express (Nexis) 30 July 47 By pigmenting the lips your pout is fuller without the use of Botox.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?a1200v.1896
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