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单词 morel
释义

moreln.2

Brit. /məˈrɛl/, /mɒˈrɛl/, U.S. /məˈrɛl/, /mɔˈrɛl/
Forms: Middle English morall, Middle English moreol, Middle English–1700s morell, Middle English– morel, Middle English– morelle, 1500s–1800s morrell, 1600s merell, 1700s moral, 1700s– morrel.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French morel; Latin morella.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French morel, morele, morelle (mid 13th cent.; French morelle ) and their etymon post-classical Latin morella, maurella (6th cent.; from early 13th cent. in British sources) < post-classical Latin morus , maurus black (see Moor n.2) + -ella -el suffix2. Compare Old Occitan maurela (14th cent.; Occitan maurèla), Catalan morella (c1500), Spanish †morella (1471), Italian morella (early 13th cent.), also Middle Dutch morelle, morele.
Now rare.
Any of several kinds of nightshade with black or deep purple berries; esp. black nightshade, Solanum nigrum; (also) †the fruit of such a plant (obsolete).great morel: see great adj. petty morel: see petty adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Solanaceae (nightshade and allies) > [noun]
morela1400
nightshadea1400
petty morel?a1425
hound's-berryc1485
micklewort1531
manicon1543
garden nightshade1576
dulcamara1578
mad nightshade1578
raging nightshade1578
sleeping nightshade1578
solanum1578
tree nightshade1597
black nightshade1607
moonshade1626
mumme tree1629
winter cherry1629
blue bindweeda1637
canker berry1651
shrub-nightshade1666
poison berry1672
nightshade1733
woody nightshade1796
Sodom apple1808
African nightshade1839
solanal1846
felon-wood1861
shoo-fly plant1949
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 55 (MED) Putte to þis medicyn þe ius of sum cold erbe, as morel [L. solatri], penywort, virge pastoris.
?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 31 Take..juis of morell þat haue black berys and smale.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 37 Tak moreoles & þe rute of euerferne þat waxes on the ake.
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 82v Morell, quedam herba, hoc salatrum.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria x. f. 110 Purple veluette of Ynde: that hath the coloure of morelle, or vyolette, or rousty yron: is mooste of pryce.
1546 T. Phaer Bk. Children (1553) S vj The iuyce of morel, otherwyse called nightshade.
1553 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Life (rev. ed.) sig. Cvij Seeth it in nightshade, or morell water.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 321 Thou seest, no wheat Heleborns can bring: Nor barly, from the madding Morrell spring.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 256 If we make use of the Juice of Poppy, of Morel,..or of Hen-bane, we shall have Fruits of a Narcotick and Soporative Virtue.
1758 Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 63 With us it is generally known by the name of Deadly Nightshade, or Dwale, tho' this last term is seldom used for it; and the old French word Morelle, which Lobel applies to it, seems to be quite forgotten amongst us.]
1836 J. M. Gully tr. F. Magendie Formulary (ed. 2) 144 Solania..may be employed in all cases where the extract of the morel or the bitter-sweet is indicated.
1949 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants (rev. ed.) 868 S[olanum] nigrum, L. a prostrate..weed of world-wide distribution, but certain forms cult. for the large edible berries and then known as Morelle, Garden Huckleberry, Wonderberry, Sunberry.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

moreln.3

Forms: 1600s–1700s morell, 1700s–1800s morelle, 1800s morel.
Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French morelle.
Etymology: Probably < French morelle (1609; now rare), further etymology uncertain: perhaps either < post-classical Latin morellus , maurellus or < Italian morello (for both words see morel adj.), although neither the Latin nor the Italian adjective is attested designating a cherry; or perhaps connected with classical Latin mōrum (see more n.2), or with Italian regional amarella (see marasca n.; probably > early modern Dutch amarelle , marelle in Kiliaan; Dutch morel is probably after French). Compare morello n. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (more·l) /mɒˈrɛl/.
Obsolete.
A morello cherry. Also morel cherry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > cherry > types of
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
duracine1655
black heart1664
duke1664
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
May duke1718
ox-heart1731
sand cherry1778
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
mazzard1578
mazardc1595
merry1595
Flanders cherry1597
heart cherry1599
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
urinal cherry1629
white-heart cherry1629
duracine1655
heart1658
black heart1664
carnation1664
duke1664
honey cherrya1671
nonsuch1674
merise1675
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
lukeward1707
white-heart1707
May duke1718
Royal Ann1724
ox-heart1731
ratafia1777
choke-cherry1785
mountain cherry1811
rum cherry1818
sour cherry1884
Napoleon1886
Napoleon cherry1933
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Morelles, Morell Cherries; late-ripe Cherries, dryed for Winter prouision.
1794 J. Woodforde Diary 9 Oct. (1929) iv. 142 We gave them some Grapes..with some Morelle-Cherries that had been preserved in Brandy.
1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake iii. xvii. 301 His lip like the morel when glossed with dew.
1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia Morel, or Morella cherry.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

moreln.4

Brit. /məˈrɛl/, /mɒˈrɛl/, U.S. /məˈrɛl/, /mɔˈrɛl/
Forms: 1600s– morille, 1700s murrel, 1700s murrell, 1700s–1800s morell, 1700s–1800s morelle, 1700s–1800s moril, 1700s–1800s morrell, 1700s–1800s morrelle, 1700s– morel.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French morille.
Etymology: < French morille (mid 16th cent. in Middle French), probably < an unattested post-classical Latin diminutive formation in -icula (see -cula suffix) < morus , maurus black (see Moor n.2), on account of the dark colour of the fungus. See also moriglio n.The relationship with Old High German morhila (Middle High German morchel , morhel , German Morchel ; > scientific Latin Morchella , genus name (Dillenius 1718)) < morha more n.1 + -ila -el suffix2 is uncertain and disputed. In Old High German the diminutive, like the primary word, occurs only denoting the carrot or the parsnip; in Middle High German both were applied also to the fungus; German Morchel occurs only in this sense: it is thus possible that in Middle High German the diminutive was conflated with a post-classical Latin word of similar sound, and subsequently became distinguished in this meaning from the primary word. The contrary development is probably shown by post-classical Latin morella carrot or parsnip (15th cent. in German glossarial sources), in sense at least probably after Middle High German.
Any of various edible fungi (discomycetes) of the genus Morchella (family Morchellaceae), mainly of temperate regions, whose fruiting body typically has a hollow stem and a globose or conical cap with ridges and pits forming a rough honeycomb pattern; esp. M. esculenta, found in grass and open woodland in spring (more fully common morel). Also called sponge mushroom.false morel: see false adj., adv., and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > fungi > [noun] > mushroom
mushroom1440
champignon1578
swamp1631
morel1653
moriglio1698
flap1744
agaric1777
chanterelle1777
flab?18..
nutmeg-boletus1813
blewits1830
mitre mushroom1854
cèpe1865
horse mushroom1866
matsutake1877
girolle1894
shiitake1925
miller1954
old man of the woods1972
king bolete1976
shroom1977
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > other edible fungi
Jew's ear1544
morel1653
Judas's ear1692
moriglio1698
chanterelle1777
sage-apple1832
swamp-apple1846
swamp-cheese1859
cèpe1865
mayapple1872
thunder-dirt1883
mealy parasol1887
1653 I. D. G. tr. F. P. de la Varenne French Cook Gloss. sig. A3v Morilles. They are a kind of excellent smal red Mushrums.
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 260 Concerning Morilles, and Truffs: the first whereof is a certain delicate red Mushrum.
1716 J. Gay Trivia iii. 66 Spvngy Morells in strong Ragousts are found, And in the Soup, the slimy Snail is drown'd.
1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 i. 242/2 Third service. Consisting of vegetable and made dishes..green morrelles, green truffles.
1791 H. Walpole Let. 22 Aug. in Corr. (1965) XXXIV. 118 Queen Elizabeth, when shrivelled like a morel, listened with complacency to encomiums on her beauty.
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 37 In Paris none [i.e. no fungi] are permitted to appear in the markets except the common Truffle, Morel, and Mushroom.
1868 Amer. Naturalist 2 302 The Hevellas, like the Morels,..are also classed among the edible kinds.
1882 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9 123 The denuded pileus is coarsely reticulate-pitted, resembling in some degree the pileus of morels (Morchella).
1917 Farmer's Bull. No. 796. 18 The morel has long been considered..an excellent edible species.
1952 Sci. Monthly Sept. 153/2 The few attempts that have been made to cultivate morels artificially have met with little success.
1973 Good Food Guide 135 A sauce of ‘creamed morilles’—presumably tinned or dried.
1987 K. H. McKnight & V. B. McKnight Field Guide Mushrooms N. Amer. 39 Common Morel may be white at first, whereas Thick-footed Morel is distinctly yellow.
2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. ii. 170 Many basidiomycotes have a ‘toadstool’ form; but so do some ascomycotes like the morel, Morchella.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

moreladj.n.1

Forms: Middle English–1500s morel, Middle English–1600s morell, 1500s morelle, 1500s morrell, 1500s morrelle, 1600s morrel.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin morellus; French morel.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin morellus black horse (from early 12th cent. in British sources), (of a horse) dark brown (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) and its etymon Old French morel black horse (c1180; also in early use as proper name for a horse), (of a horse) dark brown, black (early 13th cent.; French moreau , (feminine) morelle ), probably < a post-classical Latin formation < morus , maurus (see Moor n.2) + -ellus -ellus suffix; compare post-classical Latin Maurellus as proper name in Spain in 8th cent., and also post-classical Latin morella , maurella morel n.2 Compare Italian morello black horse (a1310), black, dark brown (14th cent.). Compare also (with uncertain suffixation) Spanish moreno dark-complexioned, dark-haired, dark-skinned, brown, also as noun (1204; > Portuguese moreno (16th cent.)). Middle Dutch moreel black horse is < Old French.
Obsolete.
A. adj.
Of a horse: dark in colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > colour or marking > [adjective] > dark
morel1305
1305 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Early Mayor's Court Rolls (1924) 242 (MED) [Mone le Lumbard came to his house and bought from him a] morel [horse for £10].
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 27510 (MED) Anon Sire kay the Reeng entrid faste, vppon a blak morel [Fr. j grant cheual noir] cowrser in thraste.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxviii. sig. Qvi He was well mounted vpon a good blacke morell horse.
B. n.1
A dark-coloured horse. Also used as a proper name for a horse of this kind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > colour or marking > [noun] > dark or black horse
morel1348
black1593
1348–9 in G. F. Beltz Memorials of Order of Garter (1841) 384 (MED) i Somer voce Morel sinistro pede anteriore albo.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3713 (MED) Þan lokede he on..þat stede..and saide þanne on is speche, ‘now Haue gode my gode morel [Fr. Baucant].’
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 343 Morel, horse, morellus.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 10 (MED) Say, mall and stott, will ye not go? Lemyng, morell, white-horne, Io!
a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 120 Gup, marmeset, jast ye, morelle!
1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippodamia (1878) 120 For such was Morrell slayne and layde in saltish bryne.
c1613 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 17 I have sold both my horse, good morrel, and his felow.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.2a1400n.31611n.41653adj.n.11305
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