† pertinaceadj.

Forms: late Middle English pertinace, late Middle English pertynax, 1500s pertynace, 1600s pertinax; Scottish pre-1700 pertinax.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pertinace; Latin pertināc-, pertināx.

Etymology: < Middle French pertinace (c1265 in Old French; also c1370 as pertinax ; French pertinace (now rare) only in sense ‘stubborn, obstinate’) and its etymon classical Latin pertināc-, pertināx persevering, stubborn, obstinate, persistent, prolonged < per- per- prefix + tenāx tenax adj. Compare Catalan pertinaç (1460), Spanish pertinaz (1385), Portuguese pertinaz (15th cent.), Italian pertinace (a1348).

Obsolete.

Diligent, persevering. Also (in negative sense): stubborn, obstinate. Cf. pertinacious adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective]

starkOE

moodyOE

stithc1000

stidyc1175

stallc1275

harda1382

stubbornc1386

obstinate?1387

throa1400

hard nolleda1425

obstinant?a1425

pertinacec1425

stablec1440

dour1488

unresigned1497

difficultc1503

hard-necked1530

pertinatec1534

obstacle1535

stout-stomached1549

hard-faced1567

stunt1581

hard-headed1583

pertinacious1583

stuntly1583

peremptory1589

stomachous1590

mulish1600

stomachful1600

obstined1606

restive1633

obstinacious1649

opinionated1649

tenacious1656

iron-sided1659

sturdy1664

cat-witted1672

obstinated1672

unyielding1677

ruggish1688

bullet-headed1699

tough1780

pelsy1785

stupid1788

hard-set1818

thick and thin1822

stuntya1825

rigwiddie1826

indomitable1830

recalcitrant1830

set1848

mule-headed1870

muley1871

capitose1881

hard-nosed1917

tight1928

c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 3 (MED) Old maistrez war noȝt bisie ne pertinacez [L. pertinaces] in sekyng and serchyng of this forseid cure.

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccci/1 Seeyng that he was pertynax & obstynate.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 17247 So pertinax thai war into that steid.

1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 100 There bee many verie pertinax in this opinion.

Derivatives

† pertinacely adv. (also pertynacely) Obsolete diligently; obstinately.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adverb]

stoutly1303

a-strut1330

sturdilyc1374

obstinately1395

throa1400

pertinacelyc1425

stubbornlyc1430

pertinatelyc1475

stiffneckedlya1555

peremptorilya1575

pertinaciouslya1614

tenaciouslya1667

mulishly1795

stupidly1866

dourly1871

bloody-mindedly1962

c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 3 (MED) I haue swette and trauailed ful bisily and pertinacely [L. diligentius ac pertinacius].

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) f. 224 Pertynacely expownynge the holy scripture wronge, they fell in to heresyes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pertinace
释义	† pertinaceadj. Forms: late Middle English pertinace, late Middle English pertynax, 1500s pertynace, 1600s pertinax; Scottish pre-1700 pertinax. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pertinace; Latin pertināc-, pertināx. Etymology: < Middle French pertinace (c1265 in Old French; also c1370 as pertinax ; French pertinace (now rare) only in sense ‘stubborn, obstinate’) and its etymon classical Latin pertināc-, pertināx persevering, stubborn, obstinate, persistent, prolonged < per- per- prefix + tenāx tenax adj. Compare Catalan pertinaç (1460), Spanish pertinaz (1385), Portuguese pertinaz (15th cent.), Italian pertinace (a1348). Obsolete. Diligent, persevering. Also (in negative sense): stubborn, obstinate. Cf. pertinacious adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] starkOE moodyOE stithc1000 stidyc1175 stallc1275 harda1382 stubbornc1386 obstinate?1387 throa1400 hard nolleda1425 obstinant?a1425 pertinacec1425 stablec1440 dour1488 unresigned1497 difficultc1503 hard-necked1530 pertinatec1534 obstacle1535 stout-stomached1549 hard-faced1567 stunt1581 hard-headed1583 pertinacious1583 stuntly1583 peremptory1589 stomachous1590 mulish1600 stomachful1600 obstined1606 restive1633 obstinacious1649 opinionated1649 tenacious1656 iron-sided1659 sturdy1664 cat-witted1672 obstinated1672 unyielding1677 ruggish1688 bullet-headed1699 tough1780 pelsy1785 stupid1788 hard-set1818 thick and thin1822 stuntya1825 rigwiddie1826 indomitable1830 recalcitrant1830 set1848 mule-headed1870 muley1871 capitose1881 hard-nosed1917 tight1928 c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 3 (MED) Old maistrez war noȝt bisie ne pertinacez [L. pertinaces] in sekyng and serchyng of this forseid cure. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccci/1 Seeyng that he was pertynax & obstynate. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 17247 So pertinax thai war into that steid. 1606 T. Palmer Ess. Meanes to make Trauailes more Profitable ii. 100 There bee many verie pertinax in this opinion. Derivatives † pertinacely adv. (also pertynacely) Obsolete diligently; obstinately. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adverb] stoutly1303 a-strut1330 sturdilyc1374 obstinately1395 throa1400 pertinacelyc1425 stubbornlyc1430 pertinatelyc1475 stiffneckedlya1555 peremptorilya1575 pertinaciouslya1614 tenaciouslya1667 mulishly1795 stupidly1866 dourly1871 bloody-mindedly1962 c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 3 (MED) I haue swette and trauailed ful bisily and pertinacely [L. diligentius ac pertinacius]. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) f. 224 Pertynacely expownynge the holy scripture wronge, they fell in to heresyes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1425
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