phlogistonn.

Brit.

/flə(ʊ)ˈdʒɪstɒn/,

/flə(ʊ)ˈdʒɪstən/, U.S.

/floʊˈdʒɪsˌtɑn/,

/floʊˈdʒɪstən/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phlogiston.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin phlogiston (see quot. 1702) < ancient Greek ϕλογιστόν , neuter of ϕλογιστός burnt up, inflammable < ϕλογίζειν to set on fire ( < ϕλογ- , ϕλόξ flame (see phlox n.) + -ίζειν -ize suffix) + -τός, suffix forming verbal adjectives.The use of the term in sense 1 and the theory connected with it were introduced by Stahl in 1702, in his edition of Beccher's Physica Subterranea of 1669:1702 G. E. Stahl Spec. Beccherianum i. i. xvi. 19 in B.'s Phys. Subterr. (1732) Ad substantiam ipsam mixti, ut ingrediens..ut materiale principium, et pars totius compositi constitutiva, concurrit, materia et principium ignis, non ipse ignis: Ego Phlogiston appellare cœpi. The phrase ‘esse ϕλογιστὸν’ had been used by Sennert in the sense ‘the being flammable’, i.e. flammability or combustibility as a quality of some substances, but not regarded as a substance or principle:1619 D. Sennertus De Chym. Consensu ac Dissensu 283 At Colores, Odores, Sapores, esse ϕλογιστὸν & similia alia, mineralibus, metallis, gemmis lapidibus, plantis, animalibus insunt. The existence of phlogiston was denied by Lavoisier in 1775, and though stoutly maintained by Priestley, the belief in it was generally abandoned by 1800. N.E.D. (1906) also gives a partial pronunciation (-gi·stǫ̆n) /-ˈɡɪstən/.

1. Chemistry. A hypothetical substance formerly supposed to exist in combination in all combustible bodies, and to be released in the process of combustion (by some identified with the element fire, conceived as being fixed in flammable substances). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > other alchemical substances or theories > [noun] > phlogiston

phlogiston1734

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > going or setting on fire > going on fire > principle of inflammability

phlogistic1734

phlogiston1734

1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 288 By the Solution of crude Mercury united with the Phlogiston Vini, or other Vegetables.]

1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 64 Phosphorus is more immediately compounded of a Salt tending to the Nature of Sal Ammoniac, of an urinous Salt, of an Acid, and an oily Phlogiston with a subtile Earth.

1758 R. Dossie Elaboratory laid open Introd. 74 The sulphureous principle, or phlogiston, which is the proper essence of all oils.

1774 J. Priestley Exper. & Observ. Air (1775) I. 65 Considering inflammable air as air united to or loaded with phlogiston.

1785 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 280 Mr. Lavoisier is well known to maintain, that there is no such thing as what has been called phlogiston.

1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 12 There is truly in bodies a substance, which may be properly named phlogiston, as being the cause of that light and heat which accompany burning.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 98 The existence of phlogiston is no longer believed in.

1861 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes iv. 117 Jameson [left college 1802] had heard the last dying echoes of the battle between the partisans of the phlogiston and the antiphlogiston camp.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students i. 3 The simple explanation adopted was that, in burning, something called phlogiston was given out to the air, and a thing called the calx remained behind.

1978 A. F. Chalmers What is this Thing called Science? v. 49 This theory was threatened when it was discovered that many substances gain weight after combustion. One way of overcoming the apparent falsification was to suggest that phlogiston has negative weight.

1992 Chem. in Brit. Apr. 331/3 This much and more can be achieved by challenging a teaching tradition that is almost as unhelpful to chemistry as phlogiston was.

2. figurative. Fiery or combustible quality. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigour or liveliness

jollinessc1386

liveliheadc1425

quicknessc1425

vyfnes1475

ramagec1485

couragea1498

liveliness1534

spritec1540

livelihood1566

life1583

sprightliness1599

sprightfulness1602

ruach1606

sprightiness1607

sparkle1611

airiness1628

vivacy1637

spiritfulness1644

spirit1651

vivacity1652

spiritedness1654

brightness1660

sprightness1660

ramageness1686

race1690

friskiness1727

spirituousness1727

vivaciousness1727

brio1731

raciness1759

phlogiston1789

animation1791

lifefulness1829

pepper-and-salt1842

corkiness1845

aliveness1853

vitality1858

music1859

virtu1876

liveness1890

zippiness1907

bounce1909

zing1917

radioactivity1922

oomph1937

pizzazz1937

zinginess1938

hep1946

vavoom1962

welly1977

masala1986

1789 A. Young Jrnl. 23 Aug. in Trav. France (1792) i. 171 Mons. Faujas pleases me much; the liveliness, vivacity, phlogiston of his character, do not run into pertness, foppery, or affectation.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Misc. Crit. (1936) ii. 279 There exists undeniably a poetic phlogiston which adds by being abstracted and diminishes by its presence.

1999 Forbes 8 Mar. 150/2 What's especially maddening about REITs [= real estate investment trusts] is that they represent tangible, income-producing assets—unlike the phlogiston represented by many high-flying stocks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phlogiston
释义	phlogistonn. Brit. /flə(ʊ)ˈdʒɪstɒn/, /flə(ʊ)ˈdʒɪstən/, U.S. /floʊˈdʒɪsˌtɑn/, /floʊˈdʒɪstən/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phlogiston. Etymology: < post-classical Latin phlogiston (see quot. 1702) < ancient Greek ϕλογιστόν , neuter of ϕλογιστός burnt up, inflammable < ϕλογίζειν to set on fire ( < ϕλογ- , ϕλόξ flame (see phlox n.) + -ίζειν -ize suffix) + -τός, suffix forming verbal adjectives.The use of the term in sense 1 and the theory connected with it were introduced by Stahl in 1702, in his edition of Beccher's Physica Subterranea of 1669:1702 G. E. Stahl Spec. Beccherianum i. i. xvi. 19 in B.'s Phys. Subterr. (1732) Ad substantiam ipsam mixti, ut ingrediens..ut materiale principium, et pars totius compositi constitutiva, concurrit, materia et principium ignis, non ipse ignis: Ego Phlogiston appellare cœpi. The phrase ‘esse ϕλογιστὸν’ had been used by Sennert in the sense ‘the being flammable’, i.e. flammability or combustibility as a quality of some substances, but not regarded as a substance or principle:1619 D. Sennertus De Chym. Consensu ac Dissensu 283 At Colores, Odores, Sapores, esse ϕλογιστὸν & similia alia, mineralibus, metallis, gemmis lapidibus, plantis, animalibus insunt. The existence of phlogiston was denied by Lavoisier in 1775, and though stoutly maintained by Priestley, the belief in it was generally abandoned by 1800. N.E.D. (1906) also gives a partial pronunciation (-gi·stǫ̆n) /-ˈɡɪstən/. 1. Chemistry. A hypothetical substance formerly supposed to exist in combination in all combustible bodies, and to be released in the process of combustion (by some identified with the element fire, conceived as being fixed in flammable substances). Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > other alchemical substances or theories > [noun] > phlogiston phlogiston1734 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > going or setting on fire > going on fire > principle of inflammability phlogistic1734 phlogiston1734 1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 288 By the Solution of crude Mercury united with the Phlogiston Vini, or other Vegetables.] 1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 64 Phosphorus is more immediately compounded of a Salt tending to the Nature of Sal Ammoniac, of an urinous Salt, of an Acid, and an oily Phlogiston with a subtile Earth. 1758 R. Dossie Elaboratory laid open Introd. 74 The sulphureous principle, or phlogiston, which is the proper essence of all oils. 1774 J. Priestley Exper. & Observ. Air (1775) I. 65 Considering inflammable air as air united to or loaded with phlogiston. 1785 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 75 280 Mr. Lavoisier is well known to maintain, that there is no such thing as what has been called phlogiston. 1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 12 There is truly in bodies a substance, which may be properly named phlogiston, as being the cause of that light and heat which accompany burning. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 98 The existence of phlogiston is no longer believed in. 1861 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes iv. 117 Jameson [left college 1802] had heard the last dying echoes of the battle between the partisans of the phlogiston and the antiphlogiston camp. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students i. 3 The simple explanation adopted was that, in burning, something called phlogiston was given out to the air, and a thing called the calx remained behind. 1978 A. F. Chalmers What is this Thing called Science? v. 49 This theory was threatened when it was discovered that many substances gain weight after combustion. One way of overcoming the apparent falsification was to suggest that phlogiston has negative weight. 1992 Chem. in Brit. Apr. 331/3 This much and more can be achieved by challenging a teaching tradition that is almost as unhelpful to chemistry as phlogiston was. 2. figurative. Fiery or combustible quality. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigour or liveliness jollinessc1386 liveliheadc1425 quicknessc1425 vyfnes1475 ramagec1485 couragea1498 liveliness1534 spritec1540 livelihood1566 life1583 sprightliness1599 sprightfulness1602 ruach1606 sprightiness1607 sparkle1611 airiness1628 vivacy1637 spiritfulness1644 spirit1651 vivacity1652 spiritedness1654 brightness1660 sprightness1660 ramageness1686 race1690 friskiness1727 spirituousness1727 vivaciousness1727 brio1731 raciness1759 phlogiston1789 animation1791 lifefulness1829 pepper-and-salt1842 corkiness1845 aliveness1853 vitality1858 music1859 virtu1876 liveness1890 zippiness1907 bounce1909 zing1917 radioactivity1922 oomph1937 pizzazz1937 zinginess1938 hep1946 vavoom1962 welly1977 masala1986 1789 A. Young Jrnl. 23 Aug. in Trav. France (1792) i. 171 Mons. Faujas pleases me much; the liveliness, vivacity, phlogiston of his character, do not run into pertness, foppery, or affectation. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Misc. Crit. (1936) ii. 279 There exists undeniably a poetic phlogiston which adds by being abstracted and diminishes by its presence. 1999 Forbes 8 Mar. 150/2 What's especially maddening about REITs [= real estate investment trusts] is that they represent tangible, income-producing assets—unlike the phlogiston represented by many high-flying stocks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1734
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