petrousadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɛtrəs/, U.S.

/ˈpɛtrəs/,

/ˈpitrəs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin petrōsus.

Etymology: < classical Latin petrōsus stony, rocky, in post-classical Latin also in sense A. 1 (from 13th cent. in British sources) < petra stone (see petro- comb. form¹) + -ōsus -ous suffix. Compare Middle French, French pétreux stony (13th cent. in Old French as petreus; c1314 in os petreus petrous bone), Italian pietroso stony (a1292).

A. adj.

1. Anatomy and Zoology. Designating the temporal bone of the skull, (in later use) spec. the very hard portion of it that encloses the inner ear. Also: of or relating to this part of the temporal bone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > bones of ear

petrousc1475

petrosal1713

otocranial1848

opisthotic1866

periotic1866

prootic1866

tympano-periotic1870

stapedial1875

incudal1890

tympanomalleal1891

tympanomandibular1891

tympanosquamosal1891

tympanostapedial1900

tympanotemporal1900

malleolar1902

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 110 (MED) Þese boonys in oon partie ben ful hard þere as þe hole of þe eere passiþ þoruȝ, & þei ben clepid petrosa.]

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 19 (MED) Þer beþ in þe heed but iiij principal bonys, þat is to seie, þe Coronal and þe two verual bonys & lauda and oþere two þat beþ not principallis as þe petrouse bonys.

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Div^v The .v. and the .vj. be y^e bones [of the head] that are called Petrous, for they are harde as a stone.

1703 tr. P. Dionis Anat. Humane Bodies Improv'd iii. 31 Their lower part is called petrous or stony, being very hard.

1732 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) 105 Sometimes a small Bone of kin to the Sesamoid, is found between the small Extremity of this petrous Process and the sphenoid Bone.

1780 G. Chandler Treat. Dis. Eye 33 The internal veins empty themselves partly into the internal jugular veins,by the orbitary, cavernous, and petrous sinusses.

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 154 The probe struck against the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

1869 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 3) viii. 228 The bony labyrinth, as this collection of cavities in the petrous bone is termed, is perfectly closed.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 313 In each periotic there may be distinguished a dense petrous portion, enclosing the essential part of the organ of hearing.

1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) vii. 530 The middle ear lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone.

1991 P. Roth Patrimony i. 16 There is also apparent destruction of the right petrous apex.

2. Rocky, stony. (In quot. 1825 perhaps: causing petrifaction; petrifying.) rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > [adjective]

lapidial1599

lapideous1646

saxatile1651

petrous1657

petrose1661

saxeous1671

stony1723

petrific1759

lapidose1807

lithoidal1833

lithoid1841

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > formation of rock or stone > [adjective] > petrifying

petrificant1603

stoning1623

lapidescent1644

petrifactive1646

petrifying1649

petrous1657

petrescent1661

petrific1667

lapidifying1669

1657 Physical Dict. Petrous, rocky.

1825 D. M. Moir Miner of Peru in Genevieve 56 By death unchanged.—So strong had been the power preservative, Mineral or petrous, of the charmed flood.

1952 H. Osborne Indians of Andes iii. 71 What country in the world is more inherently likely to have produced great indigenous cultures of stone than the stern petrous wastes of the Andes?

1999 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 9 Sept. b5 Individuals who make their abodes in vitreous edifices would be advised to refrain from catapulting petrous projectiles.

B. n.

The petrous bone. Cf. petrosal n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > periotic bone and parts

rock-bone1615

rocky bone1615

stony bone1615

petrous1836

otocrane1846

petrosal1846

periotic1865

1836 J. Malyn in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 734/1 The outer and posterior extremity of the petrous is confounded with the mastoid and squamoid portions.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 596 Small abscess size of Barcelona nut found in petrous.

1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman Wisdom of Bones xii. 204 The entire structure of the inner ear..in most mammals..lies within a particularly dense piece of bone known appropriately enough as the petrous.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	petrous
释义	petrousadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɛtrəs/, U.S. /ˈpɛtrəs/, /ˈpitrəs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin petrōsus. Etymology: < classical Latin petrōsus stony, rocky, in post-classical Latin also in sense A. 1 (from 13th cent. in British sources) < petra stone (see petro- comb. form¹) + -ōsus -ous suffix. Compare Middle French, French pétreux stony (13th cent. in Old French as petreus; c1314 in os petreus petrous bone), Italian pietroso stony (a1292). A. adj. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. Designating the temporal bone of the skull, (in later use) spec. the very hard portion of it that encloses the inner ear. Also: of or relating to this part of the temporal bone. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > bones of ear petrousc1475 petrosal1713 otocranial1848 opisthotic1866 periotic1866 prootic1866 tympano-periotic1870 stapedial1875 incudal1890 tympanomalleal1891 tympanomandibular1891 tympanosquamosal1891 tympanostapedial1900 tympanotemporal1900 malleolar1902 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 110 (MED) Þese boonys in oon partie ben ful hard þere as þe hole of þe eere passiþ þoruȝ, & þei ben clepid petrosa.] c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 19 (MED) Þer beþ in þe heed but iiij principal bonys, þat is to seie, þe Coronal and þe two verual bonys & lauda and oþere two þat beþ not principallis as þe petrouse bonys. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Div^v The .v. and the .vj. be y^e bones [of the head] that are called Petrous, for they are harde as a stone. 1703 tr. P. Dionis Anat. Humane Bodies Improv'd iii. 31 Their lower part is called petrous or stony, being very hard. 1732 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) 105 Sometimes a small Bone of kin to the Sesamoid, is found between the small Extremity of this petrous Process and the sphenoid Bone. 1780 G. Chandler Treat. Dis. Eye 33 The internal veins empty themselves partly into the internal jugular veins,by the orbitary, cavernous, and petrous sinusses. 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 154 The probe struck against the petrous portion of the temporal bone. 1869 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 3) viii. 228 The bony labyrinth, as this collection of cavities in the petrous bone is termed, is perfectly closed. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 313 In each periotic there may be distinguished a dense petrous portion, enclosing the essential part of the organ of hearing. 1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) vii. 530 The middle ear lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone. 1991 P. Roth Patrimony i. 16 There is also apparent destruction of the right petrous apex. 2. Rocky, stony. (In quot. 1825 perhaps: causing petrifaction; petrifying.) rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > [adjective] lapidial1599 lapideous1646 saxatile1651 petrous1657 petrose1661 saxeous1671 stony1723 petrific1759 lapidose1807 lithoidal1833 lithoid1841 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > formation of rock or stone > [adjective] > petrifying petrificant1603 stoning1623 lapidescent1644 petrifactive1646 petrifying1649 petrous1657 petrescent1661 petrific1667 lapidifying1669 1657 Physical Dict. Petrous, rocky. 1825 D. M. Moir Miner of Peru in Genevieve 56 By death unchanged.—So strong had been the power preservative, Mineral or petrous, of the charmed flood. 1952 H. Osborne Indians of Andes iii. 71 What country in the world is more inherently likely to have produced great indigenous cultures of stone than the stern petrous wastes of the Andes? 1999 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 9 Sept. b5 Individuals who make their abodes in vitreous edifices would be advised to refrain from catapulting petrous projectiles. B. n. The petrous bone. Cf. petrosal n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > periotic bone and parts rock-bone1615 rocky bone1615 stony bone1615 petrous1836 otocrane1846 petrosal1846 periotic1865 1836 J. Malyn in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 734/1 The outer and posterior extremity of the petrous is confounded with the mastoid and squamoid portions. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 596 Small abscess size of Barcelona nut found in petrous. 1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman Wisdom of Bones xii. 204 The entire structure of the inner ear..in most mammals..lies within a particularly dense piece of bone known appropriately enough as the petrous. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.c1475
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