petrifactionn.

Brit.

/ˌpɛtrᵻˈfakʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpɛtrəˈfækʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English petrifaccioun, 1600s– petrifaction, 1700s–1800s petrefaction.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: petrify v., -faction comb. form.

Etymology: < petri- (in petrify v.) + -faction comb. form, originally after post-classical Latin petrificatio (1363 in the passage translated in quot. ?a1425 at sense 1a). Compare later petrification n.

a. The action of petrifying something; the condition or process of being petrified; conversion into stone or a stony substance; an instance of this; (Geology and Palaeontology) the replacement of the soft organic parts of plant or animal remains by inorganic material, esp. calcium carbonate or silica, often preserving the original structure of the organism (also known as mineralization or fossilization).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > formation of rock or stone > [noun]

petrifaction?a1425

petrification1611

lapidification1626

lapidescence1649

petrescency1662

petrifying1712

petrescence?1797

lithification1872

petrogenesis1886

lithogeny1888

lithifaction1893

lithogenesis1909

petrogeny1937

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > concretion > formation of

petrifaction?a1425

concretion?1541

lithiasis1657

petrescency1662

lapillation1722

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 107 Sikenesse of þe iuncturez haþ 4 tymez..And þai ar termined as most bi resolucioun or bi petrifaccioun, i. stony hardnesse [?c1425 Paris hardenynge; L. petrificationem].

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 91 That Corall..is soft under water, but waxeth hard as soone as it arriveth unto the ayre,..we have some reason to doubt, not onely from so sudden a petrifaction and strange induration, not easily made out from the qualities of Ayre.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xvii. 107 All that I have yet seen, seem to have been rotten Wood before the petrifaction was begun.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Petrifaction, is properly the changing of a mix'd Body into a Stony Substance, when it had no such Nature before; and the Action by which this is performed, is called, Petrification.

1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 139 Putrefaction on the one part, and gradual insinuation of stony particles on the other, until the petrifaction is completed.

1817 W. Pitt Topogr. Hist. Staffs. i. 153 The stones are often found encrusted with hard shells, a proof that they increase in bulk by the petrifaction of the surrounding matters.

1885 Law Rep. 14 Q.B. Div. 951 Pearson..[had made a] well for the convenient petrifaction of barristers' wigs and other interesting objects.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 195 Dead tissues lying in the midst of living tissues are prone to calcification and petrifaction.

1911 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 201 13 The cell walls appear slightly thickened in the fossil, but this may very well be due to swelling previous to petrifaction.

1979 D. L. Dineley Fossils i. 34 The process of replacement is called mineralization or petrifaction.

1996 Sedimentary Geol. 101 31/2 Petrifaction is often related to volcanic associations, either hydrothermal activities or surrounding volcanic depositions, which by weathering release large amounts of silica.

b. figurative. The action or process of hardening or immobilizing a person or thing; a hardened or immobile condition; a state of physical or mental inactivity or inertia; = petrification n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness

induration1493

indurateness1537

induritness1558

hardenedness1571

stoniness1571

hard-heartedness1577

apathy1603

indolence1603

dedolence1606

flintiness1607

dedolencya1617

searedness1620

callosity1628

indolencya1631

brawnedness1631

calluma1640

atrocity1641

dead-heartedness1642

brawninessa1645

callousness1653

stony-heartedness1673

petrification1678

unsolicitousnessa1683

callus1683

heartlessness1701

petrifaction1722

unreckingness1873

Gradgrindery1920

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > condition of being petrified

petrification1678

petrifaction1722

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature vi. §17 The principle of compassion..broke through his petrifaction, and would shew that it could not totally be eradicated.

1796 F. Burney Camilla III. vi. iii. 175 ‘If she is not in the rooms to-night,’ said Sir Sedley, ‘I shall be stupified to petrifaction.’

1848 A. Brontë Tenant of Wildfell Hall II. xvii. 337 I think the petrifaction is so completely effected at last, that nothing can melt me again.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. x. 91 A widowed female..glaring petrifaction at her fellow-creatures.

1868 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 148 To my horror and petrifaction.

1874 E. O. M. Deutsch Lit. Remains 172 The common assumption that Islam is identical with mental and religious petrifaction.

1906 J. London White Fang ii. ii. 72 Scarcely ever would it come to them [sc. the animals] to be more alive than they were then in their seeming petrifaction.

1972 J. Campbell Myths to live By v. 83 For it was based on..the idea that every culture has its period of youth.., only finally to terminate in decrepitude, petrifaction.

1985 K. Mitchell A.D. Anno Domini ii. vii. 136 The guests lapsed back into their petrifaction.

2. Something that has been petrified or mineralized, or formed by conversion into stone; spec. a fossil formed by petrifaction (see sense 1). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > concretion or petrifaction > [noun]

congelation1605

concretion1646

lapidescency1646

petrifaction1667

petrification1677

mineralization1799

permineralization1893

1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 255 A Discourse of Petrifactions, and an Hypothesis for explaining the several varieties of such bodies.

1673 R. Hooke Diary 21 May (1935) 44 To Arundell house saw the Italian's..Petrifactions.

1740 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 2) lxxvii. 272 The Quality of this gravellous Abscess, and that of Urine,..proving a Disposition in the Blood to form Concretions and Petrefactions.

1784 W. Hayley Two Connoisseurs i. 206 May I turn in her arms to a cold petrifaction!

1791 J. Byng Diary 26 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 337 Mr. Cooper, of this town,..shew'd me some petrefactions, an old castle key, and other little findings.

1812 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 142 There was discovered under the cliffs..the complete petrifaction of a crocodile, seventeen feet in length.

1818 W. Hazlitt Lect. Eng. Poets (1870) v. 128 He gives you the petrifaction of a sigh.

1830 M. R. Lacy Cinderella ii. i. 147 Like a perfect petrifaction I'll remain upon this chair.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xiv. 449 The House of Loretto is the petrifaction, so to speak, of the ‘Last Sigh of the Crusades’.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 2 Fossils, or, as they are often termed, petrifactions.

1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos vii. 27 It is ten years gone, makes stiff about her a glass, A petrifaction of air.

1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xvii 234 In the older rocks, fossils are often preserved by mineralization as petrifactions.

1967 T. W. Blackburn Good Day to Die i. 11 ‘McLaughlin says she's a putrefaction’. ‘A petrifaction—an actual woman's body turned to stone?’

1997 R. Fortey Life vi. 163 Occasionally, petrifactions are discovered which allow for a complete reconstruction of plants, down to the last cell.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	petrifaction
释义	petrifactionn. Brit. /ˌpɛtrᵻˈfakʃn/, U.S. /ˌpɛtrəˈfækʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English petrifaccioun, 1600s– petrifaction, 1700s–1800s petrefaction. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: petrify v., -faction comb. form. Etymology: < petri- (in petrify v.) + -faction comb. form, originally after post-classical Latin petrificatio (1363 in the passage translated in quot. ?a1425 at sense 1a). Compare later petrification n. 1. a. The action of petrifying something; the condition or process of being petrified; conversion into stone or a stony substance; an instance of this; (Geology and Palaeontology) the replacement of the soft organic parts of plant or animal remains by inorganic material, esp. calcium carbonate or silica, often preserving the original structure of the organism (also known as mineralization or fossilization). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > formation of rock or stone > [noun] petrifaction?a1425 petrification1611 lapidification1626 lapidescence1649 petrescency1662 petrifying1712 petrescence?1797 lithification1872 petrogenesis1886 lithogeny1888 lithifaction1893 lithogenesis1909 petrogeny1937 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > concretion > formation of petrifaction?a1425 concretion?1541 lithiasis1657 petrescency1662 lapillation1722 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 107 Sikenesse of þe iuncturez haþ 4 tymez..And þai ar termined as most bi resolucioun or bi petrifaccioun, i. stony hardnesse [?c1425 Paris hardenynge; L. petrificationem]. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 91 That Corall..is soft under water, but waxeth hard as soone as it arriveth unto the ayre,..we have some reason to doubt, not onely from so sudden a petrifaction and strange induration, not easily made out from the qualities of Ayre. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xvii. 107 All that I have yet seen, seem to have been rotten Wood before the petrifaction was begun. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Petrifaction, is properly the changing of a mix'd Body into a Stony Substance, when it had no such Nature before; and the Action by which this is performed, is called, Petrification. 1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 139 Putrefaction on the one part, and gradual insinuation of stony particles on the other, until the petrifaction is completed. 1817 W. Pitt Topogr. Hist. Staffs. i. 153 The stones are often found encrusted with hard shells, a proof that they increase in bulk by the petrifaction of the surrounding matters. 1885 Law Rep. 14 Q.B. Div. 951 Pearson..[had made a] well for the convenient petrifaction of barristers' wigs and other interesting objects. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 195 Dead tissues lying in the midst of living tissues are prone to calcification and petrifaction. 1911 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 201 13 The cell walls appear slightly thickened in the fossil, but this may very well be due to swelling previous to petrifaction. 1979 D. L. Dineley Fossils i. 34 The process of replacement is called mineralization or petrifaction. 1996 Sedimentary Geol. 101 31/2 Petrifaction is often related to volcanic associations, either hydrothermal activities or surrounding volcanic depositions, which by weathering release large amounts of silica. b. figurative. The action or process of hardening or immobilizing a person or thing; a hardened or immobile condition; a state of physical or mental inactivity or inertia; = petrification n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness induration1493 indurateness1537 induritness1558 hardenedness1571 stoniness1571 hard-heartedness1577 apathy1603 indolence1603 dedolence1606 flintiness1607 dedolencya1617 searedness1620 callosity1628 indolencya1631 brawnedness1631 calluma1640 atrocity1641 dead-heartedness1642 brawninessa1645 callousness1653 stony-heartedness1673 petrification1678 unsolicitousnessa1683 callus1683 heartlessness1701 petrifaction1722 unreckingness1873 Gradgrindery1920 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > condition of being petrified petrification1678 petrifaction1722 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature vi. §17 The principle of compassion..broke through his petrifaction, and would shew that it could not totally be eradicated. 1796 F. Burney Camilla III. vi. iii. 175 ‘If she is not in the rooms to-night,’ said Sir Sedley, ‘I shall be stupified to petrifaction.’ 1848 A. Brontë Tenant of Wildfell Hall II. xvii. 337 I think the petrifaction is so completely effected at last, that nothing can melt me again. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. x. 91 A widowed female..glaring petrifaction at her fellow-creatures. 1868 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 148 To my horror and petrifaction. 1874 E. O. M. Deutsch Lit. Remains 172 The common assumption that Islam is identical with mental and religious petrifaction. 1906 J. London White Fang ii. ii. 72 Scarcely ever would it come to them [sc. the animals] to be more alive than they were then in their seeming petrifaction. 1972 J. Campbell Myths to live By v. 83 For it was based on..the idea that every culture has its period of youth.., only finally to terminate in decrepitude, petrifaction. 1985 K. Mitchell A.D. Anno Domini ii. vii. 136 The guests lapsed back into their petrifaction. 2. Something that has been petrified or mineralized, or formed by conversion into stone; spec. a fossil formed by petrifaction (see sense 1). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > concretion or petrifaction > [noun] congelation1605 concretion1646 lapidescency1646 petrifaction1667 petrification1677 mineralization1799 permineralization1893 1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 255 A Discourse of Petrifactions, and an Hypothesis for explaining the several varieties of such bodies. 1673 R. Hooke Diary 21 May (1935) 44 To Arundell house saw the Italian's..Petrifactions. 1740 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 2) lxxvii. 272 The Quality of this gravellous Abscess, and that of Urine,..proving a Disposition in the Blood to form Concretions and Petrefactions. 1784 W. Hayley Two Connoisseurs i. 206 May I turn in her arms to a cold petrifaction! 1791 J. Byng Diary 26 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 337 Mr. Cooper, of this town,..shew'd me some petrefactions, an old castle key, and other little findings. 1812 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 142 There was discovered under the cliffs..the complete petrifaction of a crocodile, seventeen feet in length. 1818 W. Hazlitt Lect. Eng. Poets (1870) v. 128 He gives you the petrifaction of a sigh. 1830 M. R. Lacy Cinderella ii. i. 147 Like a perfect petrifaction I'll remain upon this chair. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xiv. 449 The House of Loretto is the petrifaction, so to speak, of the ‘Last Sigh of the Crusades’. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 2 Fossils, or, as they are often termed, petrifactions. 1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos vii. 27 It is ten years gone, makes stiff about her a glass, A petrifaction of air. 1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xvii 234 In the older rocks, fossils are often preserved by mineralization as petrifactions. 1967 T. W. Blackburn Good Day to Die i. 11 ‘McLaughlin says she's a putrefaction’. ‘A petrifaction—an actual woman's body turned to stone?’ 1997 R. Fortey Life vi. 163 Occasionally, petrifactions are discovered which allow for a complete reconstruction of plants, down to the last cell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1425
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