watchmann.

Brit.

/ˈwɒtʃmən/, U.S.

/ˈwɑtʃmən/,

/ˈwɔtʃmən/

Forms: Plural watchmen.

Etymology: < watch n. + man n.¹

a. A member of a military guard, a sentinel or sentry; a look-out posted to give warning of the approach of danger, etc. Obsolete in technical use.Now rare except in reminiscences from the Bible.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard

warda680

wakemanc1175

wardena1250

watchc1380

watchmana1400

outwatch1488

warderc1540

sentinel1579

perdu1639

sentry1650

lookout1662

security man1662

guardman1756

excubitor1775

cockatoo1827

guardsmana1854

dog1870

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5164 Be he þe pauylion a-prochid it past with-in euen, And sone þe wacche-men with-out quen þai him þare sawe, Þai tuke him.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 225 The wachman was hewy fallen on sleipe. The bryg, was doun.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvii. f. xlij^v They went and made the sepulcre sure with watchemen, and sealed the stone.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxi. B One of Seir cried vnto me: Watchman, what hast thou espied by night? [1611 Watch~man, what of the night?]

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ps. cxxvi. 1 Excepte the Lorde kepe the cite, the watchman waketh but in vayne.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11156 All the burgh is full bigge, ouer the brode wallis, Wacchemen for to wale, wacches to kepe.

1544 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 305 Item, the xxj day of Julii, deliverrit to the wachemen of the castell of Edinburght xxij s.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. iii. 15 Walke, let's see if other Watchmen Do heare what we do?

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xx. 134 He..goes to the walls, as with charge in the Kings name to the Watch-men, through all the Watch-towers, that they should not..breake vp their watch.

1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. i. 2 Our Watchmen, from the Tow'rs, with longing Eyes Expect his swift Arrival.

1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 203 So listen, ye youthful heroes, Mine excellent watchmen three; Here tender young girls may enter.

1913 J. H. Morrison On Trail of Pioneers xvii. 82 Every day the watchman climbed the tower, and gazed down the Cawnpore road for some sign of the relieving force.

b. transferred and figurative.

ΚΠ

a1500 Anc. Sc. Prophecy in Bernardus de Cura Rei Famuliaris 21 Þe wouff salbe wachmane and kep mony wayis.

1612 Sir J. Digbye in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 579 Yt is fitt for us that stande as Watchemen to give warning one unto another..upon..all seeming dangers.

1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) x. 240 & in the morning..visit the water side (but not too neer) for they have a watch-man.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxi. ii Rest in Him, securely rest; Thy Watchman never sleeps.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 346 Nothing now hinders the visitation, which the watchmen, or prophets, had so long foreseen and forewarned of.

attributive.1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. Geoffry Hamlyn II. ix. 141 Sending the watchman cockatoo screaming aloft to alarm the flock.

†c. plural. Body-guard. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun]

watchmena1483

guard-corps1583

lifeguard1632

garde-du-corpsa1684

bodyguard1701

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard

wardecorpsa1330

watchmena1483

pensioner1600

trabant1617

bodyguard1703

druzhina1879

soshi1977

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard > body of

watchmena1483

train guard1650

bodyguard1701

comitatus1875

a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 38 Yeomen of the Crowne... These were called the King's Wachemen.

†2. A scout, spy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > a secret observer, spy > a spy or scout

spy13..

espierc1384

espialc1386

especiala1500

espya1500

watchmanc1515

escout1560

espioun1636

emissary1663

telegraph1825

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) clxv. 652 Whyles they were thus deuysynge together, the wache men came abought, whome the kyng had sent thether to spye and knowe if Peter..dyd sende to those prisoners any comforte or ayde.

†3.

a. One who keeps vigil, a watcher; one who watches over or guards a person or thing, a guardian (of something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > keeper or guardian

warda680

warden?c1225

watchman14..

geterc1540

guarder1542

guardant1592

vigil1648

14.. J. Lydgate Lyke thyn Audience 53 (Cambr.) in Polit. Relig. & Love Poems (1903) 51 With wachemen wake, with sloggy folkes slepe.

1447 O. Bokenham Agnes in Lyvys Seyntys 295 More-ouyr goddys sone..To me is..A wecheman eek neuer slepyng.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 362 The Watchmen and fathfull Pastours of the Kirk of Scotland.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. i. 67 Vnckles of Gloster, and of Winchester, The speciall Watch-men of our English Weale.

1628 A. Leighton Appeal to Parl. 124 Removing the Dogges that should keepe and the watchmen that should watch the Flockes: so that they are left a prey to the Wolves and Foxes.

†b. Applied to angels. Cf. watcher n. f. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun]

ghosteOE

angelOE

Son of Goda1382

saint1382

angel (also spirit) of lightc1384

watcher1535

watchman1552

1552 H. Latimer Serm. 25 Dec. (1584) 270 b We are not bound to call vppon the aungels when wee heare that they serue vs, but rather to geue God thankes in them that he hath vouchsafed to set such watchmen about vs.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Dan. iv. 13 Beholde, a watcheman and an holy one came downe from heauen.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. vii. 31 And the Watch-men (so he [Scaliger] calleth the Angels out of Dan. 4) lusted and went astray after them.

†4. One of a body of men formerly appointed to keep watch and ward in all towns from sunset to sunrise; later, a constable of the watch who, before the Police Act of 1839, patrolled the streets by night to safeguard life and property. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > municipal watchman

wait1418

watchmanc1440

watch1539

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > municipal watchman

wait1418

watchmanc1440

rattle manc1596

rug gowna1625

ruga1627

billman1630

Charley1819

c1440 Gesta Romanorum xxv. 93 (Harl.) Plebeius..ordeynid for a lawe, that wacchemen shulde eche nyght go about þe cete, & visite eche house, þat þere was no misgouernayle þere in.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum xxv. 95 (Harl.) In tyme of the nyght, when wacchemen come blowyng hir hornes.

?a1500 Leges Quatuor Burgorum lxxxi, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 349/2 Of ilke house..in þe quhilk þar wonnys ony þat in þe tym of wakyng aw of resoun to cum furth þar sal ane wachman be haldyn to cum furth quhen þat þe wakstaff gais fra dure to dure quha sal..gang til his wache [etc.].

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iii. 39 Why you speake like an antient and most quiet watchman, for I cannot see how sleeping should offend.

1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage B 4 b A Watchmans bill, or a Welch~hooke falles not halfe so heauy vpon a man.

1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune v. i. 66 Watchmen at the Door. Almost 4 a Clock and a dark cloudy morning.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. x. ii. 7 Now Thieves and Ruffians are awake, and honest Watchmen fast asleep.

1760 O. Goldsmith in Brit. Mag. Feb. 78/2 The watchman had gone twelve: my companions had all stole off.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 654 [She who] at the watchman's lantern borrowing light, Finds a cold bed her only comfort left.

1810 Sporting Mag. 35 39 With the assistance of a watchman and some passengers, conveyed them to the watchhouse.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 251 When Monmouth arrived in London at midnight, the watchmen were ordered by the magistrates to proclaim the joyful event through the streets of the city.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. v. 34 A face..that had just as much play of expression as a watchman's rattle.

attributive.1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xi. 101 The policeman considers him [sc. the beadle] an imbecile civilian, a remnant of the barbarous watchmen-times.

5. A man employed to guard private property, a building, etc. while the owner, tenant, or workpeople are away, esp. during the night.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > one who watches or guards at night > guarding private property

watchman1600

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 136 These shops are garded in the night season by certaine hired and armed watchmen.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Watchman's Time~detector.

1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xv. 132 He..walked boldly on board the boat, for he knew she was tenantless except that there was a watchman, who always turned in and slept like a graven image.

6. The dor-beetle, Geotrupes stercorarius.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of (dung-beetle)

sharnbudc1000

dora1450

clock1568

sharn-bug1608

dung beetle1634

grey fly1638

dunghill beetle1658

comb-chafer1712

tumble-turd1754

tumble-dung1775

dung-chafer1805

tumble-bug1805

tumbler1807

bull-comber1813

straddle-bug1839

lamellicorn1842

scarabaeidan1842

shard-beetle1854

watchman1864

scarabaeoid1887

scarabaeid1891

minotaur1918

1864–5 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands (1868) viii. 155 The common Dor Beetle (Geotrupes vulgaris) sometimes called the Watchman or Clock.

1883 J. G. Wood in Good Words Dec. 763/1 The Dor or Watchman Beetle.

7. Typography. (See quot. 1888.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printers' symbols and directions > [noun] > paper marking position of footnote

watchman1888

1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 154 Watchman, a little flag of paper placed pro tem. in matter as composed, which serves to indicate the position of a footnote.

Derivatives

ˈwatchmanly adj. belonging to or characteristic of a watchman.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [adjective] > relating to or characteristic of watchman

watchmanly1837

1837 New Monthly Mag. 51 116 Have they..taken away from ye that childish and yet watch~manly toy, the rattle?

† ˈwatchmanship n. Obsolete the office or function of a watchman.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > office or duty of

waitership1485

watch1535

watchmanshipa1607

wardership1897

a1607 J. Rainolds Prophesie Obadiah (1613) iii. 35 Not content to bee watchmen in Jerusalem, but they must haue a watch~manship in Caesarea too.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	watchman
释义	watchmann. Brit. /ˈwɒtʃmən/, U.S. /ˈwɑtʃmən/, /ˈwɔtʃmən/ Forms: Plural watchmen. Etymology: < watch n. + man n.¹ 1. a. A member of a military guard, a sentinel or sentry; a look-out posted to give warning of the approach of danger, etc. Obsolete in technical use.Now rare except in reminiscences from the Bible. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard warda680 wakemanc1175 wardena1250 watchc1380 watchmana1400 outwatch1488 warderc1540 sentinel1579 perdu1639 sentry1650 lookout1662 security man1662 guardman1756 excubitor1775 cockatoo1827 guardsmana1854 dog1870 a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5164 Be he þe pauylion a-prochid it past with-in euen, And sone þe wacche-men with-out quen þai him þare sawe, Þai tuke him. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 225 The wachman was hewy fallen on sleipe. The bryg, was doun. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvii. f. xlij^v They went and made the sepulcre sure with watchemen, and sealed the stone. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxi. B One of Seir cried vnto me: Watchman, what hast thou espied by night? [1611 Watch~man, what of the night?] 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ps. cxxvi. 1 Excepte the Lorde kepe the cite, the watchman waketh but in vayne. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11156 All the burgh is full bigge, ouer the brode wallis, Wacchemen for to wale, wacches to kepe. 1544 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 305 Item, the xxj day of Julii, deliverrit to the wachemen of the castell of Edinburght xxij s. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. iii. 15 Walke, let's see if other Watchmen Do heare what we do? 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xx. 134 He..goes to the walls, as with charge in the Kings name to the Watch-men, through all the Watch-towers, that they should not..breake vp their watch. 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. i. 2 Our Watchmen, from the Tow'rs, with longing Eyes Expect his swift Arrival. 1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 203 So listen, ye youthful heroes, Mine excellent watchmen three; Here tender young girls may enter. 1913 J. H. Morrison On Trail of Pioneers xvii. 82 Every day the watchman climbed the tower, and gazed down the Cawnpore road for some sign of the relieving force. b. transferred and figurative. ΚΠ a1500 Anc. Sc. Prophecy in Bernardus de Cura Rei Famuliaris 21 Þe wouff salbe wachmane and kep mony wayis. 1612 Sir J. Digbye in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 579 Yt is fitt for us that stande as Watchemen to give warning one unto another..upon..all seeming dangers. 1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) x. 240 & in the morning..visit the water side (but not too neer) for they have a watch-man. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxi. ii Rest in Him, securely rest; Thy Watchman never sleeps. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 346 Nothing now hinders the visitation, which the watchmen, or prophets, had so long foreseen and forewarned of. attributive.1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. Geoffry Hamlyn II. ix. 141 Sending the watchman cockatoo screaming aloft to alarm the flock. †c. plural. Body-guard. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] watchmena1483 guard-corps1583 lifeguard1632 garde-du-corpsa1684 bodyguard1701 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard wardecorpsa1330 watchmena1483 pensioner1600 trabant1617 bodyguard1703 druzhina1879 soshi1977 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > armed retainer or bodyguard > body of watchmena1483 train guard1650 bodyguard1701 comitatus1875 a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 38 Yeomen of the Crowne... These were called the King's Wachemen. †2. A scout, spy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > a secret observer, spy > a spy or scout spy13.. espierc1384 espialc1386 especiala1500 espya1500 watchmanc1515 escout1560 espioun1636 emissary1663 telegraph1825 c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) clxv. 652 Whyles they were thus deuysynge together, the wache men came abought, whome the kyng had sent thether to spye and knowe if Peter..dyd sende to those prisoners any comforte or ayde. †3. a. One who keeps vigil, a watcher; one who watches over or guards a person or thing, a guardian (of something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > keeper or guardian warda680 warden?c1225 watchman14.. geterc1540 guarder1542 guardant1592 vigil1648 14.. J. Lydgate Lyke thyn Audience 53 (Cambr.) in Polit. Relig. & Love Poems (1903) 51 With wachemen wake, with sloggy folkes slepe. 1447 O. Bokenham Agnes in Lyvys Seyntys 295 More-ouyr goddys sone..To me is..A wecheman eek neuer slepyng. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 362 The Watchmen and fathfull Pastours of the Kirk of Scotland. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. i. 67 Vnckles of Gloster, and of Winchester, The speciall Watch-men of our English Weale. View more context for this quotation 1628 A. Leighton Appeal to Parl. 124 Removing the Dogges that should keepe and the watchmen that should watch the Flockes: so that they are left a prey to the Wolves and Foxes. †b. Applied to angels. Cf. watcher n. f. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] ghosteOE angelOE Son of Goda1382 saint1382 angel (also spirit) of lightc1384 watcher1535 watchman1552 1552 H. Latimer Serm. 25 Dec. (1584) 270 b We are not bound to call vppon the aungels when wee heare that they serue vs, but rather to geue God thankes in them that he hath vouchsafed to set such watchmen about vs. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Dan. iv. 13 Beholde, a watcheman and an holy one came downe from heauen. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. vii. 31 And the Watch-men (so he [Scaliger] calleth the Angels out of Dan. 4) lusted and went astray after them. †4. One of a body of men formerly appointed to keep watch and ward in all towns from sunset to sunrise; later, a constable of the watch who, before the Police Act of 1839, patrolled the streets by night to safeguard life and property. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > municipal watchman wait1418 watchmanc1440 watch1539 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > municipal watchman wait1418 watchmanc1440 rattle manc1596 rug gowna1625 ruga1627 billman1630 Charley1819 c1440 Gesta Romanorum xxv. 93 (Harl.) Plebeius..ordeynid for a lawe, that wacchemen shulde eche nyght go about þe cete, & visite eche house, þat þere was no misgouernayle þere in. c1440 Gesta Romanorum xxv. 95 (Harl.) In tyme of the nyght, when wacchemen come blowyng hir hornes. ?a1500 Leges Quatuor Burgorum lxxxi, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 349/2 Of ilke house..in þe quhilk þar wonnys ony þat in þe tym of wakyng aw of resoun to cum furth þar sal ane wachman be haldyn to cum furth quhen þat þe wakstaff gais fra dure to dure quha sal..gang til his wache [etc.]. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. iii. 39 Why you speake like an antient and most quiet watchman, for I cannot see how sleeping should offend. View more context for this quotation 1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage B 4 b A Watchmans bill, or a Welch~hooke falles not halfe so heauy vpon a man. 1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune v. i. 66 Watchmen at the Door. Almost 4 a Clock and a dark cloudy morning. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. x. ii. 7 Now Thieves and Ruffians are awake, and honest Watchmen fast asleep. View more context for this quotation 1760 O. Goldsmith in Brit. Mag. Feb. 78/2 The watchman had gone twelve: my companions had all stole off. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 654 [She who] at the watchman's lantern borrowing light, Finds a cold bed her only comfort left. 1810 Sporting Mag. 35 39 With the assistance of a watchman and some passengers, conveyed them to the watchhouse. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 251 When Monmouth arrived in London at midnight, the watchmen were ordered by the magistrates to proclaim the joyful event through the streets of the city. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. v. 34 A face..that had just as much play of expression as a watchman's rattle. attributive.1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xi. 101 The policeman considers him [sc. the beadle] an imbecile civilian, a remnant of the barbarous watchmen-times. 5. A man employed to guard private property, a building, etc. while the owner, tenant, or workpeople are away, esp. during the night. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > one who watches or guards at night > guarding private property watchman1600 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 136 These shops are garded in the night season by certaine hired and armed watchmen. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Watchman's Time~detector. 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xv. 132 He..walked boldly on board the boat, for he knew she was tenantless except that there was a watchman, who always turned in and slept like a graven image. 6. The dor-beetle, Geotrupes stercorarius. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of (dung-beetle) sharnbudc1000 dora1450 clock1568 sharn-bug1608 dung beetle1634 grey fly1638 dunghill beetle1658 comb-chafer1712 tumble-turd1754 tumble-dung1775 dung-chafer1805 tumble-bug1805 tumbler1807 bull-comber1813 straddle-bug1839 lamellicorn1842 scarabaeidan1842 shard-beetle1854 watchman1864 scarabaeoid1887 scarabaeid1891 minotaur1918 1864–5 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands (1868) viii. 155 The common Dor Beetle (Geotrupes vulgaris) sometimes called the Watchman or Clock. 1883 J. G. Wood in Good Words Dec. 763/1 The Dor or Watchman Beetle. 7. Typography. (See quot. 1888.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printers' symbols and directions > [noun] > paper marking position of footnote watchman1888 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 154 Watchman, a little flag of paper placed pro tem. in matter as composed, which serves to indicate the position of a footnote. Derivatives ˈwatchmanly adj. belonging to or characteristic of a watchman.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [adjective] > relating to or characteristic of watchman watchmanly1837 1837 New Monthly Mag. 51 116 Have they..taken away from ye that childish and yet watch~manly toy, the rattle? † ˈwatchmanship n. Obsolete the office or function of a watchman. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > office or duty of waitership1485 watch1535 watchmanshipa1607 wardership1897 a1607 J. Rainolds Prophesie Obadiah (1613) iii. 35 Not content to bee watchmen in Jerusalem, but they must haue a watch~manship in Caesarea too. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1400
随便看	profit planning profit pooling profit producer profit proof profit rent profit sharer profit sharing profit snatcher profit squeeze profit statement profit taker profit taking profit warning profit à prendre profit-bearing profit-conscious profit-consciously profit-earning profit-generating profit-grinder profit-hungry profit-hunting profit-linked profit-making profit-maximizing