pavisen.

Brit.

/ˈpavɪs/, U.S.

/ˈpævəs/

Forms: Middle English panyce (plural, transmission error), Middle English panys (plural, transmission error), Middle English pathys (plural, transmission error), Middle English pauyce, Middle English pauyse, Middle English pauysse, Middle English paveis, Middle English paveys, Middle English paveyz (plural), Middle English pavyce, Middle English pavys, Middle English pavysse, Middle English payns (plural, transmission error), Middle English payvese, Middle English payvys, Middle English 1600s pavyse, Middle English 1600s– pavis, Middle English 1600s– pavise, Middle English 1800s pavesse, Middle English 1800s pavisse, Middle English 1800s– pavas, Middle English–1500s paues, Middle English–1500s pauesse, Middle English–1500s paueys, Middle English–1500s pauis, Middle English–1500s pauyes, Middle English–1500s pauys, Middle English–1500s pauysh, Middle English–1600s pauice, Middle English–1600s pauise, Middle English–1700s pavice, 1500s paueice, 1500s paueis, 1500s paueiss, 1500s pauiss, 1500s pauisse, 1500s pauoys, 1500s pauyss, 1500s pavass, 1500s paves, 1500s 1700s pauash, 1500s–1600s palueise, 1500s–1600s pauish, 1600s pauois, 1600s pavese, 1600s pavish, 1700s pavache, 1700s pavashe, 1700s pavois, 1700s–1800s pavais, 1800s pavoise; also Scottish pre-1700 paueis, pre-1700 paues, pre-1700 pavasies (plural), pre-1700 paveis, pre-1700 paves, pre-1700 pavice, pre-1700 pavie, pre-1700 pavys, pre-1700 pawes. N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English paueice, Middle English paueis, Middle English pauews (transmission error), Middle English pauisse.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pavise, pavais.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pavise (14th cent.) and Middle French pavais, pavois great shield (1336 in sense 1b, 1365 in sense 1a; French pavois ) < Italian pavese (1280 as panvese ), use as noun of pavese of or relating to Pavia < post-classical Latin pavensis of or relating to Pavia < Pavia , the name of a city in northern Italy, where these shields were originally made (see Pavian adj. and n.) + -ese -ese suffix. Compare post-classical Latin pavensis shield made in Pavia (late 13th cent. in Italian sources), also pavesis, pavesius, pavesium, pavesus, pavexius (14th cent. in French and Italian sources), pavisium (1374, 1418 in British sources), pavissis (early 15th cent. in a British source), Old Occitan paves (1347), Spanish pavés (1253), Catalan pavès (1309); also Middle Dutch pavais, pavois (Dutch †pavoois), Middle Low German pafoyse, Middle High German pavese, pafese (early modern German pafese).Pavia was a centre of armour production in the Middle Ages. Compare also Old French hiaume paviois Pavian helmets (1210–20), Middle French escu pavaiz Pavian shields (1337). Compare pavis adj. In Middle English and Older Scots frequently unchanged in the plural; such forms give rise to occasional inferred singular forms without final -s (compare quot. c1600 at sense 1a(b)). With the form pavas compare Middle French pavaz, pavas, with alteration of the suffix (second half of the 14th cent.).

Now archaic and historical.

a. A distinctive form of late-medieval shield (apparently produced originally in Pavia), flat, more or less oblong in outline, but sometimes with a convex top edge, with a wide, flat, raised medial band, hollowed out at the back, extending from top to bottom. In later use sometimes applied to any large shield.The pavise was made in sizes appropriate for mounted or infantry use, but is best known from the very large size (as much as 128 cm high) that could be propped up to stand independently and so be used as a protective screen, for example, by a crossbowman, esp. during sieges.

(a) In plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > large

talevacec1300

pavisec1360

pavise shield1894

c1360 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1982) III. 46 Pauises et xxxiij. targett'.

1384 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/229/16) m. 1 iiij paueys j par. platys & j viren'.

1391 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 23 Johanni Peyntour pro pictura lxviij paueys domini de Willeby.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 7264 Pavys also that wer stronge.

1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 95 Trestelles for hakbusses..iiij^xx, Pavesses for the same..iiij^xx.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xlij The shotte..they defended with Pauishes.

1617 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 432 Payde for the paynting and guylding of three pavyses colloured in oyle.

1658 Acct. in J. Prestwich Respublica (1787) 202 It. for six pavises of emminent benefactors and worthyes of the [Clothworkers'] company [at Cromwell's funeral].

1808 R. Southey Chron. Cid 15 King Don Ferrando..ordered mantles to be made, and also pavaises to protect his people.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 132 Preparing to cover themselves by large shields, called pavesses.

1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. lvii. 325 Some archers in the town had torn down doors from the houses, and advanced using them as pavises or shelter-boards.

1992 C. Coulson in C. Harper-Bill & R. Harvey Medieval Knighthood IV 75 (note) Pavises were regularly used to screen crossbowmen particularly.

(b) In singular.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > other types of shield

blazon?a1400

fanc1405

pavise1407

ancile1600

shield-board1872

figure of eight shield1939

1407 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/285/17) m. 3 Vnum Arblastrum vnum Pauys.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 94 (MED) Some wiln han a target or a spere, And some a pavis, his body for to were.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Harl.) 666 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 589 (MED) Agayne sharpe quarels helpith a pavice.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. xiii. 67 A ballen pavis coueris thair left sydis, Maid of hart skynnis and thik oxin hydis.

c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 631 The Admiral..may alswa put pulderis, paveis, and speiris.., to wit..ane pavie and a fyre speir for three tunnis.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words A Pavese, or Pavice, a large shield which covereth the whole body.

1664 Floddan Field ix. 83 No shield nor pavish could prevaile.

1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 27 The Pavais, Pavache, or Tallevas, was a large shield, or rather a portable mantlet, capable of covering a man from head to foot.

1840 R. Browning Sordello in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) I. i. 55 Prone is the purple pavis.

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour viii. 137 The knight had his pavise carried before him by a page or valet.

1974 D. M. Jones Bk. Balaam's Ass in Sleeping Lord (1995) 104 You'd like a pavise to tortoise you to move with your mates like a wall against his liquid pitch.

1989 Apollo Feb. 25/2 (advt.) A crossbowman's pavise, German circa 1480.

†b. A large shield used on a ship, usually one of a series lined along the sides as a defence against arrows (cf. sense 1c, and pavisade n.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > barriers in water > shield

pavisec1440

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > large > used on ship

pavisec1440

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 3625 (MED) Mony lufliche launce appon lofte stonndys, Ledys one leburde, lordys and oþer, Pyghte payvese one porte, payntede scheldes.

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 105 (MED) The covey fleeth as foulis thorgh the sayle; The pavice are accombred with coventys.

1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 210 My mastyr paid to Jemes Peterson for a galon oyle for the said kervelle, for the peyntenge of the payvyses, xij d.

1512–13 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 473 Item, for vj dusan of slottis and bandis for the pavesis of the James.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Paueis veil the top, vitht pauesis and mantillis.

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 35 The Frenchmen..had a shielde made of Elme, of vii. foote in length, & iii. foote in bredth, & an inch of thickenes. This was, & is called a Pavice, & is now used on shipboard.

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 220 The admirall beand requyred may put in the saidis schipis ane pund poulder for ilk tun, ane paveis, ane fyre speir for thrie tun..the haill eftir competent wecht.

†c. A defensive wall of large shields; a pavisade; any screen or shelter used in fighting. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > compact formation > shield-wall or testudo

pavisea1460

target-fence1598

pavisade1600

target-roof1601

pavisado1609

tortoiseshella1661

testudoa1680

tortoise1697

shield-wall1880

shield-hedge1892

shield-ring1892

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 2295 The multitude of shot is to repelle With sheeld, pavice an [read and] here and duble say.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. cxlix. sig. Tvj/2 Of thornes men makith hegges and pauyses [a1398 BL Add. frithes; a1450 Bodl. friþþes]: wyth whyche men defende and socoure themselfe and theyr owne.

1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 360 Ane hundrith geistis to mak plat formes, pawesis and utheris thingis necessar for defence of the hous.

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxiv. 135b With the paueices of our boates, the which were made of boards of two fingers thicke..we did..defend them of[f].

†d. A soldier who carries a pavise (sense 1a). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > man wearing armour > [noun] > man armed with shield

targeter1382

paviserc1425

pavisec1500

target man1555

targeteera1593

targeman?17..

hypaspista1827

c1500 Melusine (1895) 142 Thanne had the sawdan..ordeyned his bataylles, and his Crosbowes & paueys [Fr. pavilliers].

†2. figurative. A defence, a means of protection. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 1945 (MED) Now, blissid Iesu, pauys of my diffence, Make me escape myn enmyes violence.

a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 1474 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 439 (MED) O Gloryous martir..Be thow our swerd, al foreyn ffoon toppresse, Our sheeld, our pauys.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) 11 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 330 (MED) No song so sote vnto the audience As is Iesus..Ageyn all enemyes sheld, paveys, and defence.

c1475 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1913) 130 300 (MED) These x psalmes..May be refuge and pauyce of defencyon, To garde my spyryt when I of theym haue mencion.

a1529 J. Skelton Dethe Erle Northumberland 48 He was their bulwark, their paues, and their wall.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 88 He wes our mychte paviss and our scheild.

Compounds

pavise shield n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > large

talevacec1300

pavisec1360

pavise shield1894

1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 210 Sheltering behind their leather-covered wooden pavis shields.

2000 D. Nicolle Crecy 1346 54 (caption) The Genoese came within sight of the enemy while lacking their vital pavise shields and proper reserves of ammunition.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pavise
释义	pavisen. Brit. /ˈpavɪs/, U.S. /ˈpævəs/ Forms: Middle English panyce (plural, transmission error), Middle English panys (plural, transmission error), Middle English pathys (plural, transmission error), Middle English pauyce, Middle English pauyse, Middle English pauysse, Middle English paveis, Middle English paveys, Middle English paveyz (plural), Middle English pavyce, Middle English pavys, Middle English pavysse, Middle English payns (plural, transmission error), Middle English payvese, Middle English payvys, Middle English 1600s pavyse, Middle English 1600s– pavis, Middle English 1600s– pavise, Middle English 1800s pavesse, Middle English 1800s pavisse, Middle English 1800s– pavas, Middle English–1500s paues, Middle English–1500s pauesse, Middle English–1500s paueys, Middle English–1500s pauis, Middle English–1500s pauyes, Middle English–1500s pauys, Middle English–1500s pauysh, Middle English–1600s pauice, Middle English–1600s pauise, Middle English–1700s pavice, 1500s paueice, 1500s paueis, 1500s paueiss, 1500s pauiss, 1500s pauisse, 1500s pauoys, 1500s pauyss, 1500s pavass, 1500s paves, 1500s 1700s pauash, 1500s–1600s palueise, 1500s–1600s pauish, 1600s pauois, 1600s pavese, 1600s pavish, 1700s pavache, 1700s pavashe, 1700s pavois, 1700s–1800s pavais, 1800s pavoise; also Scottish pre-1700 paueis, pre-1700 paues, pre-1700 pavasies (plural), pre-1700 paveis, pre-1700 paves, pre-1700 pavice, pre-1700 pavie, pre-1700 pavys, pre-1700 pawes. N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English paueice, Middle English paueis, Middle English pauews (transmission error), Middle English pauisse. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pavise, pavais. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pavise (14th cent.) and Middle French pavais, pavois great shield (1336 in sense 1b, 1365 in sense 1a; French pavois ) < Italian pavese (1280 as panvese ), use as noun of pavese of or relating to Pavia < post-classical Latin pavensis of or relating to Pavia < Pavia , the name of a city in northern Italy, where these shields were originally made (see Pavian adj. and n.) + -ese -ese suffix. Compare post-classical Latin pavensis shield made in Pavia (late 13th cent. in Italian sources), also pavesis, pavesius, pavesium, pavesus, pavexius (14th cent. in French and Italian sources), pavisium (1374, 1418 in British sources), pavissis (early 15th cent. in a British source), Old Occitan paves (1347), Spanish pavés (1253), Catalan pavès (1309); also Middle Dutch pavais, pavois (Dutch †pavoois), Middle Low German pafoyse, Middle High German pavese, pafese (early modern German pafese).Pavia was a centre of armour production in the Middle Ages. Compare also Old French hiaume paviois Pavian helmets (1210–20), Middle French escu pavaiz Pavian shields (1337). Compare pavis adj. In Middle English and Older Scots frequently unchanged in the plural; such forms give rise to occasional inferred singular forms without final -s (compare quot. c1600 at sense 1a(b)). With the form pavas compare Middle French pavaz, pavas, with alteration of the suffix (second half of the 14th cent.). Now archaic and historical. 1. a. A distinctive form of late-medieval shield (apparently produced originally in Pavia), flat, more or less oblong in outline, but sometimes with a convex top edge, with a wide, flat, raised medial band, hollowed out at the back, extending from top to bottom. In later use sometimes applied to any large shield.The pavise was made in sizes appropriate for mounted or infantry use, but is best known from the very large size (as much as 128 cm high) that could be propped up to stand independently and so be used as a protective screen, for example, by a crossbowman, esp. during sieges. (a) In plural. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > large talevacec1300 pavisec1360 pavise shield1894 c1360 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1982) III. 46 Pauises et xxxiij. targett'. 1384 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/229/16) m. 1 iiij paueys j par. platys & j viren'. 1391 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 23 Johanni Peyntour pro pictura lxviij paueys domini de Willeby. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 7264 Pavys also that wer stronge. 1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 95 Trestelles for hakbusses..iiij^xx, Pavesses for the same..iiij^xx. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xlij The shotte..they defended with Pauishes. 1617 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 432 Payde for the paynting and guylding of three pavyses colloured in oyle. 1658 Acct. in J. Prestwich Respublica (1787) 202 It. for six pavises of emminent benefactors and worthyes of the [Clothworkers'] company [at Cromwell's funeral]. 1808 R. Southey Chron. Cid 15 King Don Ferrando..ordered mantles to be made, and also pavaises to protect his people. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 132 Preparing to cover themselves by large shields, called pavesses. 1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. lvii. 325 Some archers in the town had torn down doors from the houses, and advanced using them as pavises or shelter-boards. 1992 C. Coulson in C. Harper-Bill & R. Harvey Medieval Knighthood IV 75 (note) Pavises were regularly used to screen crossbowmen particularly. (b) In singular. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > other types of shield blazon?a1400 fanc1405 pavise1407 ancile1600 shield-board1872 figure of eight shield1939 1407 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/285/17) m. 3 Vnum Arblastrum vnum Pauys. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 94 (MED) Some wiln han a target or a spere, And some a pavis, his body for to were. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Harl.) 666 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 589 (MED) Agayne sharpe quarels helpith a pavice. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. xiii. 67 A ballen pavis coueris thair left sydis, Maid of hart skynnis and thik oxin hydis. c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 631 The Admiral..may alswa put pulderis, paveis, and speiris.., to wit..ane pavie and a fyre speir for three tunnis. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words A Pavese, or Pavice, a large shield which covereth the whole body. 1664 Floddan Field ix. 83 No shield nor pavish could prevaile. 1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 27 The Pavais, Pavache, or Tallevas, was a large shield, or rather a portable mantlet, capable of covering a man from head to foot. 1840 R. Browning Sordello in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) I. i. 55 Prone is the purple pavis. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour viii. 137 The knight had his pavise carried before him by a page or valet. 1974 D. M. Jones Bk. Balaam's Ass in Sleeping Lord (1995) 104 You'd like a pavise to tortoise you to move with your mates like a wall against his liquid pitch. 1989 Apollo Feb. 25/2 (advt.) A crossbowman's pavise, German circa 1480. †b. A large shield used on a ship, usually one of a series lined along the sides as a defence against arrows (cf. sense 1c, and pavisade n.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > barriers in water > shield pavisec1440 society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > large > used on ship pavisec1440 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 3625 (MED) Mony lufliche launce appon lofte stonndys, Ledys one leburde, lordys and oþer, Pyghte payvese one porte, payntede scheldes. a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 105 (MED) The covey fleeth as foulis thorgh the sayle; The pavice are accombred with coventys. 1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 210 My mastyr paid to Jemes Peterson for a galon oyle for the said kervelle, for the peyntenge of the payvyses, xij d. 1512–13 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 473 Item, for vj dusan of slottis and bandis for the pavesis of the James. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Paueis veil the top, vitht pauesis and mantillis. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 35 The Frenchmen..had a shielde made of Elme, of vii. foote in length, & iii. foote in bredth, & an inch of thickenes. This was, & is called a Pavice, & is now used on shipboard. c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 220 The admirall beand requyred may put in the saidis schipis ane pund poulder for ilk tun, ane paveis, ane fyre speir for thrie tun..the haill eftir competent wecht. †c. A defensive wall of large shields; a pavisade; any screen or shelter used in fighting. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > compact formation > shield-wall or testudo pavisea1460 target-fence1598 pavisade1600 target-roof1601 pavisado1609 tortoiseshella1661 testudoa1680 tortoise1697 shield-wall1880 shield-hedge1892 shield-ring1892 a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 2295 The multitude of shot is to repelle With sheeld, pavice an [read and] here and duble say. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. cxlix. sig. Tvj/2 Of thornes men makith hegges and pauyses [a1398 BL Add. frithes; a1450 Bodl. friþþes]: wyth whyche men defende and socoure themselfe and theyr owne. 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 360 Ane hundrith geistis to mak plat formes, pawesis and utheris thingis necessar for defence of the hous. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxiv. 135b With the paueices of our boates, the which were made of boards of two fingers thicke..we did..defend them of[f]. †d. A soldier who carries a pavise (sense 1a). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > man wearing armour > [noun] > man armed with shield targeter1382 paviserc1425 pavisec1500 target man1555 targeteera1593 targeman?17.. hypaspista1827 c1500 Melusine (1895) 142 Thanne had the sawdan..ordeyned his bataylles, and his Crosbowes & paueys [Fr. pavilliers]. †2. figurative. A defence, a means of protection. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 1945 (MED) Now, blissid Iesu, pauys of my diffence, Make me escape myn enmyes violence. a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 1474 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 439 (MED) O Gloryous martir..Be thow our swerd, al foreyn ffoon toppresse, Our sheeld, our pauys. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) 11 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 330 (MED) No song so sote vnto the audience As is Iesus..Ageyn all enemyes sheld, paveys, and defence. c1475 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1913) 130 300 (MED) These x psalmes..May be refuge and pauyce of defencyon, To garde my spyryt when I of theym haue mencion. a1529 J. Skelton Dethe Erle Northumberland 48 He was their bulwark, their paues, and their wall. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 88 He wes our mychte paviss and our scheild. Compounds pavise shield n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > large talevacec1300 pavisec1360 pavise shield1894 1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 210 Sheltering behind their leather-covered wooden pavis shields. 2000 D. Nicolle Crecy 1346 54 (caption) The Genoese came within sight of the enemy while lacking their vital pavise shields and proper reserves of ammunition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pavisev. Forms: see pavise n.; also late Middle English pethys (3rd singular present indicative, transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pavise n. Etymology: < pavise n. Compare Middle French paviser (1369–73 in etre paveschiet; French pavoiser), Italian pavisare (c1376 as pavizare). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (pæ·vis) /ˈpævɪs/. Obsolete (archaic in later use). 1. transitive. To cover, shelter, or defend with or as with a shield or wall of shields. Frequently in passive. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > arm with shield [verb (transitive)] shieldc1275 embracec1300 pavise1489 society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > use naval weapons and equipment [verb (transitive)] > provide with shields or screens pavise1489 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 76 One syde of them shelded or paueysed with hylles [Fr. targez de montaigne]. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1040 (MED) Vertew commaundyd euery wyght To pauyse hym vndyr the sygne of the roode. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxx. f. lix/2 They [sc. the scaffolds] were all to broken so that they that were within them could not be pauysshed by theym. 1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 366 (MED) Syr Robert Vmfreuile..brought his fiers brennyng vpon the sea, In botes and cogges..with men of armes in propertee, And archers good, well pauyshed, in specialitee. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxi. 125 If so be y^t our boates had not ben paueiced or fenced with their shields. 1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii The Troians laboured in trymming, pauashing [1612 pauishing], and furnishing theyr Nauie. 2. transitive. To act as a shield or shelter against. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > act as a shelter against pavise1567 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. vi. sig. Rvi^v The shade and shadowe of the tres, pauisinge the vyolence of the son. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1360v.1489
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pavisen.

Compounds

† pavisev.