paraphn.

Brit.

/ˈparaf/,

/ˈparəf/, U.S.

/ˈpɛrəf/,

/pəˈræf/

Forms: Middle English paraf, Middle English–1500s paraffe, 1500s– paraph.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French paraphe.

Etymology: < Middle French paraphe, paraffe (c1390 in sense 1, 1394 in sense ‘abbreviated signature’, 1467 in sense 3; French paraphe , parafe ), either shortened < paragraphe paragraph n., or < post-classical Latin paraphus (although this is first attested slightly later: 1399 in sense ‘flourish made after a signature’, 1440, 1483 in British sources in sense ‘paragraph’), shortened < paragraphus paragraph n. Compare Old Occitan parafi (1498), Spanish párrafo (1433), Italian parafa (1598 in Florio as parafo).

†1. A paragraph. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > distinct passage of closely connected sentences

paraph1395

paragrapha1500

pericopea1657

par1844

para1856

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 15 (MED) Hostience, in Summa de decimis, in the paraf, Quid si clericus, seith that a man shall not geue tithis to such a clerk.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 382 Paraf of a booke [v.r. paragraf], paraphus, paragraphus.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 92 A paraffe, paragraphus.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Paragrafo, a paragraffe, a paraffe, a pilcrow, whatsoever is contained in one sentence.

2. A paragraph mark in the margin of a page; = paragraph n. 2. Now also in paraph mark. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > section marks

pilcrow1440

paraphc1460

paragraph1538

paragraph mark1841

versicle1888

section-point1893

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Fifteen Joys 19 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 268 (MED) Turnyng the book, I fond..Rubrisshis, departyd blak and Reed, Of ech Chapitle a paraf in the heed, Remembryd first Fifteene of her gladynessys.

a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 271 Wrout is on þe bok with-oute v paraffys grete & stoute, Bolyd in rose red.

a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 271 Grete paraffys, þat be wondis v.

1978 Classical Rev. 28 384 The number iiij^c xxx(?) with its ‘paraph’ mark like that in Q.109.

1997 Rev. Eng. Stud. 45 171 We do not know whether the beginning of each stanza was marked by a paraph in the inner margin.

3. A flourish made after a signature, originally as a precaution against forgery. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > signature > [noun] > flourish

paraph1584

rubric1612

ruck1792

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 9 That character which the Lawyers do call a Paraph.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia (following Cotgrave) Paraph, the flourish or peculiar knot or mark set unto, after, or instead of, a name in the signing a Deed or Letter, and generally any such graceful setting out of a mans hand or name in writing; also a sub-signature or signing under.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Paraph of the Kings of France is a Grate, which the Secretaries always place before their own, in all Letters, &c.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 887/1 In some countries (as in Spain) the paraph is still a usual addition to a signature.

1895 Daily News 17 Dec. 5/1 The paraphe [of the signature of Francis Bacon] is a loop-headed triangle, with a lozenge below.

1946 M. A. Benjamin Autographs ix. 165 His unvarying use of this double paraph served to identify him more than the totally illegible signature appearing between them.

1990 E. O'Neill tr. J.-C. Maisani in M. Bernard Sexual Deviations as seen in Handwriting 364 Discordancy of form between the two paraphs, discordancy of pressure in the pressure of the last paraph, discordancy of speed between the paraphs and the writing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

paraphv.

Brit.

/ˈparaf/,

/ˈparəf/, U.S.

/ˈpɛrəf/,

/pəˈræf/

Forms: late Middle English paraf, late Middle English paraff, late Middle English perraf, 1800s– paraph.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: paraph n.

Etymology: < paraph n. Compare Middle French, French parapher (1467 in sense 2).

Now rare.

†1. transitive. To divide into paragraphs. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [verb (transitive)] > divide into paragraphs

paraph1440

paragraph1799

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 382 Parafyd, paragraphatus. Paraffyn, paragrapho.

a1500 ( W. Worcester Scrope's Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Cambr. Gg.1.34) (1999) 292 (MED) This sufficeth of the translacion of the morall saienges of philosophres..And this booke was of the new correctid and..perrafed also for more opyn and redye vndrestanding.

2. transitive. To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with initials; to initial.Quot. 1667 in N.E.D. (1904) in fact illustrates parall'd.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > signature > sign (a document) [verb (transitive)] > flourish

paraph1856

1856 tr. Draft Prelim. Peace Vienna 1 Feb. The undersigned, after having paraphed it conformably to authorization..have agreed that [etc.].

1863 A. Dreyfous in Official Rec. Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1903) 1st Ser. XVII. 437 The original document..which I have signed and paraphed ne varietur.

1999 Baltic News Service (Nexis) 25 May Heads of both delegations..have been both authorized to paraph the document.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	paraph
释义	paraphn. Brit. /ˈparaf/, /ˈparəf/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəf/, /pəˈræf/ Forms: Middle English paraf, Middle English–1500s paraffe, 1500s– paraph. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French paraphe. Etymology: < Middle French paraphe, paraffe (c1390 in sense 1, 1394 in sense ‘abbreviated signature’, 1467 in sense 3; French paraphe , parafe ), either shortened < paragraphe paragraph n., or < post-classical Latin paraphus (although this is first attested slightly later: 1399 in sense ‘flourish made after a signature’, 1440, 1483 in British sources in sense ‘paragraph’), shortened < paragraphus paragraph n. Compare Old Occitan parafi (1498), Spanish párrafo (1433), Italian parafa (1598 in Florio as parafo). †1. A paragraph. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [noun] > distinct passage of closely connected sentences paraph1395 paragrapha1500 pericopea1657 par1844 para1856 Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 15 (MED) Hostience, in Summa de decimis, in the paraf, Quid si clericus, seith that a man shall not geue tithis to such a clerk. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 382 Paraf of a booke [v.r. paragraf], paraphus, paragraphus. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 92 A paraffe, paragraphus. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Paragrafo, a paragraffe, a paraffe, a pilcrow, whatsoever is contained in one sentence. 2. A paragraph mark in the margin of a page; = paragraph n. 2. Now also in paraph mark. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > section marks pilcrow1440 paraphc1460 paragraph1538 paragraph mark1841 versicle1888 section-point1893 c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Fifteen Joys 19 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 268 (MED) Turnyng the book, I fond..Rubrisshis, departyd blak and Reed, Of ech Chapitle a paraf in the heed, Remembryd first Fifteene of her gladynessys. a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 271 Wrout is on þe bok with-oute v paraffys grete & stoute, Bolyd in rose red. a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 271 Grete paraffys, þat be wondis v. 1978 Classical Rev. 28 384 The number iiij^c xxx(?) with its ‘paraph’ mark like that in Q.109. 1997 Rev. Eng. Stud. 45 171 We do not know whether the beginning of each stanza was marked by a paraph in the inner margin. 3. A flourish made after a signature, originally as a precaution against forgery. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > signature > [noun] > flourish paraph1584 rubric1612 ruck1792 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 9 That character which the Lawyers do call a Paraph. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia (following Cotgrave) Paraph, the flourish or peculiar knot or mark set unto, after, or instead of, a name in the signing a Deed or Letter, and generally any such graceful setting out of a mans hand or name in writing; also a sub-signature or signing under. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Paraph of the Kings of France is a Grate, which the Secretaries always place before their own, in all Letters, &c. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 887/1 In some countries (as in Spain) the paraph is still a usual addition to a signature. 1895 Daily News 17 Dec. 5/1 The paraphe [of the signature of Francis Bacon] is a loop-headed triangle, with a lozenge below. 1946 M. A. Benjamin Autographs ix. 165 His unvarying use of this double paraph served to identify him more than the totally illegible signature appearing between them. 1990 E. O'Neill tr. J.-C. Maisani in M. Bernard Sexual Deviations as seen in Handwriting 364 Discordancy of form between the two paraphs, discordancy of pressure in the pressure of the last paraph, discordancy of speed between the paraphs and the writing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). paraphv. Brit. /ˈparaf/, /ˈparəf/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəf/, /pəˈræf/ Forms: late Middle English paraf, late Middle English paraff, late Middle English perraf, 1800s– paraph. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: paraph n. Etymology: < paraph n. Compare Middle French, French parapher (1467 in sense 2). Now rare. †1. transitive. To divide into paragraphs. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [verb (transitive)] > divide into paragraphs paraph1440 paragraph1799 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 382 Parafyd, paragraphatus. Paraffyn, paragrapho. a1500 ( W. Worcester Scrope's Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Cambr. Gg.1.34) (1999) 292 (MED) This sufficeth of the translacion of the morall saienges of philosophres..And this booke was of the new correctid and..perrafed also for more opyn and redye vndrestanding. 2. transitive. To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with initials; to initial.Quot. 1667 in N.E.D. (1904) in fact illustrates parall'd. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > signature > sign (a document) [verb (transitive)] > flourish paraph1856 1856 tr. Draft Prelim. Peace Vienna 1 Feb. The undersigned, after having paraphed it conformably to authorization..have agreed that [etc.]. 1863 A. Dreyfous in Official Rec. Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1903) 1st Ser. XVII. 437 The original document..which I have signed and paraphed ne varietur. 1999 Baltic News Service (Nexis) 25 May Heads of both delegations..have been both authorized to paraph the document. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1395v.1440
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