parapetn.

Brit.

/ˈparəpᵻt/, U.S.

/ˈpɛrəpət/,

/ˈpɛrəˌpɛt/

Forms: 1500s–1600s parapett, 1500s– parapet, 1600s parapect, 1600s parapit, 1600s parrapet.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: French parapet; Italian parapetto.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French parapet (1546 in Rabelais as parapete in sense 1; 1611 in French in sense 2; French parapet ), and its etymon (ii) Italian parapetto (a1348 in sense 2, 1567 in sense 1) < para- para- prefix² + petto petto n. Compare post-classical Latin parapectum (late 13th cent. in an Italian source).

1. Military. A defence of earth or stone to conceal troops from the enemy's observation and fire; spec. (in permanent fortifications) a protection against missiles, raised on the top of a wall or rampart; (in fieldworks) a bank of earth in front of a military trench or other position. In later use frequently figurative, esp. in to raise one's head above the parapet and variants.In quot. 1575 in extended use. In quot. 1661: a heraldic representation of a parapet.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > parapet

parapet1575

breast guard1840

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > trench > bank in front of trench

parapet1916

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxi. 195 A noble man or gentleman may march to besiege the Foxe and Badgerd [sic], in their strongest holes and castles. And may breake their Casmats, Plotformes, Parapets, and worke to them with Mynes, and countermines, vntill they get their skynnes.

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H3^v It must haue..Parapets to hide the Muscatiers: Casemates to place the great Artillery.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. iv. 52 And thou hast talkt..of trenches tents, Of pallizadoes, frontiers, parapets .

?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 213 Parrapets..ras't euerie formost fight..The Greeks yet stood, and stil repaird the forefights of their wall.

1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry iii. iv. 34 The Mural Crown was raised with Brectesches, parapects, and Battlements of Gold.

1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §73 A transmittible Gallery over any Ditch or Breach in a Town-wall, with a Blinde and Parapit Cannon-proof.

1702 Mil. Dict. Embrazures, the Gaps or Loopholes, left open in a Parapet for the Cannon to fire through.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 410 A soldier..stalkt about on the parapet with a battle-ax in his hand.

1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1835) III. 42 It wants..the earth which has been washed from the parapet into the ditch to be cleared out.

1861 W. H. Russell in Times 10 July 5/2 Higher up..there is a breastwork and parapet, within which are six guns.

1916 J. Buchan Greenmantle xx. 266 A crump took the parapet of the trench.

1928 E. Blunden Undertones of War 317 It seems, as now I wake and brood, And know my hour's decrepitude, That on some dewy parapet The centuries' spirit gazes yet.

1975 Times 14 July 13/1 The Leader of the House, to whom the Prime Minister..will yield the honour of going over the parapet first.

1977 H. Fast Immigrants iii. 171 The men were leaning high on the parapet, staring out over the ruptured, wire-strewn earth that separated them from the enemy.

1995 Independent 4 Oct. (Suppl.) 14 (heading) The Local Government Commission, which abolished Berkshire and Humberside County Council, has plenty of critics. Now a former member has raised his head above the parapet.

a. A low wall or barrier, often ornamental, placed at the edge of a platform, balcony, roof, etc., or along the sides of a bridge, pier, quay, etc., to prevent people from falling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall

sidewall1381

brick wall1465

outwall1535

parpen1591

parapet1598

inwall?1611

breastwork1673

parapet wall1682

dwarf1718

screen1761

screen wall1770

hollow wall1823

alure1853

curtain wall1859

core-wall1899

blank wall1904

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A parapet or wall breast high.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Parapet (Ital. in Masonry), a Wall or Balcony Breast-high, ranging about a Pillar, Tower, Steeple, or other Building.

a1720 J. Sheffield Wks. (1753) II. 224 [The roof] defended by a parapet of ballusters.

1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges §v. 96 at Parapet In good bridges, to build the parapet but a little part of the height close or solid, and upon that a balustrade to above a man's heght, has an elegant effect.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 310 Parapets..are composed of three parts; viz. the plinth,..the shaft or die,..and a cornice.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 18 The terrace surrounded with a stone parapet in front of the house.

1929 Granta 7 June 508/1 Verandah, leaning elegantly on the parapet of a Bridge.

1988 M. Gardiner Scatter of Memories 123 Louis was a fire-watcher on the dome of St Paul's... ‘And it's a marvellous feeling, peeing over the edge of the parapet,’ he told me.

b. Anything resembling a parapet in appearance or use, esp. a natural formation of rock, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [noun] > vertical object or part > resembling a wall

parapeta1637

wall1697

a1637 B. Jonson Timber 334 in Wks. (1640) III There was a Wall, or Parapet of teeth set in our mouth, to restraine the petulancy of our words.

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia v. 39 The sides of this bridge are provided in some parts with a parapet of fixed rocks.

1823 F. Clissold Narr. Ascent Mont Blanc 21 After some hundred feet of ascent, we found ourselves opposed by a parapet of congealed snow, about eight feet high.

1837 R. Southey Wks. I. p. xvii The brows of the Surrey hills bear a parapet of modern villas.

1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 64 [Winter] threw Spangles of silvery frost upon the grass, And edged the brook with glistening parapets.

a1969 J. Kerouac Visions of Cody (1972) 380 We can't see below the parapet, it's too white and misty, just a yellow ribbon and a green valley like a sea below it, dwellings in between like eyries.

1994 San Francisco Examiner (Nexis) 23 Sept. c3 Cliffhangers are perfect for cinematic suspense: The camera can linger on those fingers slipping off the edge of a parapet or a rock face.

3. English regional (chiefly Lancashire). A footpath running alongside a road; a pavement. Also (Caribbean): (in Guyana) a grass bank beside a road, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > foot(-)path > by side of street or road

plainstones1611

flanker1682

side pavement1685

footwalk1701

sideway1738

sidewalk1739

pavement1743

banquette1772

footpath1776

trottoir1789

walkway1792

parapet1795

causeway1796

flag-way1800

flags1801

pave1835

flagstone1840

flagging1851

walk1913

pedway1965

1795 Gen. Hist. Liverpool xi. 273 The foot paths, called here parapets, are disagreeable and offensive.

1900 Church Times 23 Nov. 597/3 The judge didn't know that in Lancashire a ‘parapet’ means the side-pavement of a street, and that a ‘bare’ is a carpet.

1900 ‘M. E. Francis’ Daughter of Soil iii. 26 Occasionally, to the terror of her mistress, hoisting one wheel of the bath-chair on the parapet.

1976 Guyana Chron. 17 June 1 Parapet... Either of the banks..lining the sides of urban roads and planted with grass to retain the road against erosion.

1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Parapet, kerbed roadside or footpath. Mawdesley, Liverpool, Everton, Barton, Ormskirk.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

† parapet bank n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1788 A. Young Jrnl. 15 Aug. in Trav. France (1792) i. 77 The fence is a high broad parapet bank.

parapet mounting n.

ΚΠ

1914 Illustr. London News 29 Aug. 332/2 A Hotchkiss machine-gun on a parapet mounting.

parapet walk n.

ΚΠ

1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. ii. 38 The ancient chief entrance above which the parapet walk is continued.

2002 Toronto Star (Nexis) 21 Feb. 13 Every year, thousands of tourists line up for the opportunity to contort themselves over the gap between the parapet walk and battlements.

C2.

parapet line n. Architecture the line or level of the bottom of a parapet, esp. on a roof.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > other parts of roof

water1703

flanching1833

slate-boarding1833

slate-board1842

break-back1856

parapet line1886

sunroof1889

overcloak1896

roof jack1913

1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. III. 284 Wykeham's gateway-tower [at Magdalen Coll., Oxford] rises plain and square above the parapet-line of the chambers.

2003 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 21 May 3 The Sheppard house has a strong, single-storey parapet line.

parapet wall n. a low wall serving as a parapet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall

sidewall1381

brick wall1465

outwall1535

parpen1591

parapet1598

inwall?1611

breastwork1673

parapet wall1682

dwarf1718

screen1761

screen wall1770

hollow wall1823

alure1853

curtain wall1859

core-wall1899

blank wall1904

1682 R. Hooke Diary 9 Sept. in R. T. Gunther Early Sci. Oxf. (1930) VII. 601 To get a parapet wall between the stables and the gallery.

1779 Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) 68 236 Cemented into the copeing stones on the parapet-wall.

1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. x. 185 A low parapet wall defended it from the edge of the rock.

1990 Which? May 255/1 Roofer F..proposed stripping the roof, re-covering in traditional felt, and using cement fillets instead of lead or zinc flashing at the parapet wall.

Derivatives

ˈparapetless adj. without a parapet.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [adjective] > of or relating to bridge > types of bridge

parapetless1851

undergradea1884

1851 E. Lear Jrnls. Landscape Painter in Albania 310 One of those parapetless, high-arched constructions.

1859 Chambers's Jrnl. 11 325 A perilous bridge;..high, parapetless.

1999 Hindu (Nexis) 3 Sept. It plunged into a 40 feet deep parapetless irrigation well.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parapet
释义	parapetn. Brit. /ˈparəpᵻt/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəpət/, /ˈpɛrəˌpɛt/ Forms: 1500s–1600s parapett, 1500s– parapet, 1600s parapect, 1600s parapit, 1600s parrapet. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: French parapet; Italian parapetto. Etymology: < (i) Middle French parapet (1546 in Rabelais as parapete in sense 1; 1611 in French in sense 2; French parapet ), and its etymon (ii) Italian parapetto (a1348 in sense 2, 1567 in sense 1) < para- para- prefix² + petto petto n. Compare post-classical Latin parapectum (late 13th cent. in an Italian source). 1. Military. A defence of earth or stone to conceal troops from the enemy's observation and fire; spec. (in permanent fortifications) a protection against missiles, raised on the top of a wall or rampart; (in fieldworks) a bank of earth in front of a military trench or other position. In later use frequently figurative, esp. in to raise one's head above the parapet and variants.In quot. 1575 in extended use. In quot. 1661: a heraldic representation of a parapet. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > parapet parapet1575 breast guard1840 society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > trench > bank in front of trench parapet1916 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxi. 195 A noble man or gentleman may march to besiege the Foxe and Badgerd [sic], in their strongest holes and castles. And may breake their Casmats, Plotformes, Parapets, and worke to them with Mynes, and countermines, vntill they get their skynnes. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H3^v It must haue..Parapets to hide the Muscatiers: Casemates to place the great Artillery. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. iv. 52 And thou hast talkt..of trenches tents, Of pallizadoes, frontiers, parapets . View more context for this quotation ?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 213 Parrapets..ras't euerie formost fight..The Greeks yet stood, and stil repaird the forefights of their wall. 1661 S. Morgan Sphere of Gentry iii. iv. 34 The Mural Crown was raised with Brectesches, parapects, and Battlements of Gold. 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §73 A transmittible Gallery over any Ditch or Breach in a Town-wall, with a Blinde and Parapit Cannon-proof. 1702 Mil. Dict. Embrazures, the Gaps or Loopholes, left open in a Parapet for the Cannon to fire through. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 410 A soldier..stalkt about on the parapet with a battle-ax in his hand. 1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1835) III. 42 It wants..the earth which has been washed from the parapet into the ditch to be cleared out. 1861 W. H. Russell in Times 10 July 5/2 Higher up..there is a breastwork and parapet, within which are six guns. 1916 J. Buchan Greenmantle xx. 266 A crump took the parapet of the trench. 1928 E. Blunden Undertones of War 317 It seems, as now I wake and brood, And know my hour's decrepitude, That on some dewy parapet The centuries' spirit gazes yet. 1975 Times 14 July 13/1 The Leader of the House, to whom the Prime Minister..will yield the honour of going over the parapet first. 1977 H. Fast Immigrants iii. 171 The men were leaning high on the parapet, staring out over the ruptured, wire-strewn earth that separated them from the enemy. 1995 Independent 4 Oct. (Suppl.) 14 (heading) The Local Government Commission, which abolished Berkshire and Humberside County Council, has plenty of critics. Now a former member has raised his head above the parapet. 2. a. A low wall or barrier, often ornamental, placed at the edge of a platform, balcony, roof, etc., or along the sides of a bridge, pier, quay, etc., to prevent people from falling. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall sidewall1381 brick wall1465 outwall1535 parpen1591 parapet1598 inwall?1611 breastwork1673 parapet wall1682 dwarf1718 screen1761 screen wall1770 hollow wall1823 alure1853 curtain wall1859 core-wall1899 blank wall1904 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A parapet or wall breast high. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Parapet (Ital. in Masonry), a Wall or Balcony Breast-high, ranging about a Pillar, Tower, Steeple, or other Building. a1720 J. Sheffield Wks. (1753) II. 224 [The roof] defended by a parapet of ballusters. 1772 C. Hutton Princ. Bridges §v. 96 at Parapet In good bridges, to build the parapet but a little part of the height close or solid, and upon that a balustrade to above a man's heght, has an elegant effect. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 310 Parapets..are composed of three parts; viz. the plinth,..the shaft or die,..and a cornice. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 18 The terrace surrounded with a stone parapet in front of the house. 1929 Granta 7 June 508/1 Verandah, leaning elegantly on the parapet of a Bridge. 1988 M. Gardiner Scatter of Memories 123 Louis was a fire-watcher on the dome of St Paul's... ‘And it's a marvellous feeling, peeing over the edge of the parapet,’ he told me. b. Anything resembling a parapet in appearance or use, esp. a natural formation of rock, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [noun] > vertical object or part > resembling a wall parapeta1637 wall1697 a1637 B. Jonson Timber 334 in Wks. (1640) III There was a Wall, or Parapet of teeth set in our mouth, to restraine the petulancy of our words. 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia v. 39 The sides of this bridge are provided in some parts with a parapet of fixed rocks. 1823 F. Clissold Narr. Ascent Mont Blanc 21 After some hundred feet of ascent, we found ourselves opposed by a parapet of congealed snow, about eight feet high. 1837 R. Southey Wks. I. p. xvii The brows of the Surrey hills bear a parapet of modern villas. 1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 64 [Winter] threw Spangles of silvery frost upon the grass, And edged the brook with glistening parapets. a1969 J. Kerouac Visions of Cody (1972) 380 We can't see below the parapet, it's too white and misty, just a yellow ribbon and a green valley like a sea below it, dwellings in between like eyries. 1994 San Francisco Examiner (Nexis) 23 Sept. c3 Cliffhangers are perfect for cinematic suspense: The camera can linger on those fingers slipping off the edge of a parapet or a rock face. 3. English regional (chiefly Lancashire). A footpath running alongside a road; a pavement. Also (Caribbean): (in Guyana) a grass bank beside a road, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > foot(-)path > by side of street or road plainstones1611 flanker1682 side pavement1685 footwalk1701 sideway1738 sidewalk1739 pavement1743 banquette1772 footpath1776 trottoir1789 walkway1792 parapet1795 causeway1796 flag-way1800 flags1801 pave1835 flagstone1840 flagging1851 walk1913 pedway1965 1795 Gen. Hist. Liverpool xi. 273 The foot paths, called here parapets, are disagreeable and offensive. 1900 Church Times 23 Nov. 597/3 The judge didn't know that in Lancashire a ‘parapet’ means the side-pavement of a street, and that a ‘bare’ is a carpet. 1900 ‘M. E. Francis’ Daughter of Soil iii. 26 Occasionally, to the terror of her mistress, hoisting one wheel of the bath-chair on the parapet. 1976 Guyana Chron. 17 June 1 Parapet... Either of the banks..lining the sides of urban roads and planted with grass to retain the road against erosion. 1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Parapet, kerbed roadside or footpath. Mawdesley, Liverpool, Everton, Barton, Ormskirk. Compounds C1. General attributive. † parapet bank n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1788 A. Young Jrnl. 15 Aug. in Trav. France (1792) i. 77 The fence is a high broad parapet bank. parapet mounting n. ΚΠ 1914 Illustr. London News 29 Aug. 332/2 A Hotchkiss machine-gun on a parapet mounting. parapet walk n. ΚΠ 1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. ii. 38 The ancient chief entrance above which the parapet walk is continued. 2002 Toronto Star (Nexis) 21 Feb. 13 Every year, thousands of tourists line up for the opportunity to contort themselves over the gap between the parapet walk and battlements. C2. parapet line n. Architecture the line or level of the bottom of a parapet, esp. on a roof. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > other parts of roof water1703 flanching1833 slate-boarding1833 slate-board1842 break-back1856 parapet line1886 sunroof1889 overcloak1896 roof jack1913 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. III. 284 Wykeham's gateway-tower [at Magdalen Coll., Oxford] rises plain and square above the parapet-line of the chambers. 2003 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 21 May 3 The Sheppard house has a strong, single-storey parapet line. parapet wall n. a low wall serving as a parapet. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall sidewall1381 brick wall1465 outwall1535 parpen1591 parapet1598 inwall?1611 breastwork1673 parapet wall1682 dwarf1718 screen1761 screen wall1770 hollow wall1823 alure1853 curtain wall1859 core-wall1899 blank wall1904 1682 R. Hooke Diary 9 Sept. in R. T. Gunther Early Sci. Oxf. (1930) VII. 601 To get a parapet wall between the stables and the gallery. 1779 Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) 68 236 Cemented into the copeing stones on the parapet-wall. 1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. x. 185 A low parapet wall defended it from the edge of the rock. 1990 Which? May 255/1 Roofer F..proposed stripping the roof, re-covering in traditional felt, and using cement fillets instead of lead or zinc flashing at the parapet wall. Derivatives ˈparapetless adj. without a parapet. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [adjective] > of or relating to bridge > types of bridge parapetless1851 undergradea1884 1851 E. Lear Jrnls. Landscape Painter in Albania 310 One of those parapetless, high-arched constructions. 1859 Chambers's Jrnl. 11 325 A perilous bridge;..high, parapetless. 1999 Hindu (Nexis) 3 Sept. It plunged into a 40 feet deep parapetless irrigation well. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). parapetv. Brit. /ˈparəpᵻt/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəpət/, /ˈpɛrəˌpɛt/ Inflections: Present participle parapeting, (nonstandard) parapetting; past tense and past participle parapeted, (nonstandard) parapetted; Forms: 1600s parrapet, 1700s– parapet. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: parapet n. Etymology: < parapet n. transitive. To provide or defend with a parapet. Chiefly in passive. ΚΠ 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. vi. 303 A place naturally formed like a platforme, and parrapetted with an old ditch. 1711 Sir R. Sutton Despatches 10 Aug. in A. N. Kurat Despatches of Sir Robert Sutton (1953) 65 Lesse then half the Camp was parapetted, The rest being only covered with Chevaux de Frize. 1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 108 The housetops were parapeted to secure the defendants. 1928 Daily Tel. 20 Mar. 18/3 Lowe's chief error was the obsession of trenching and parapeting his island. 2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians xi. 117 The Bank of England was parapeted with sandbags and guns mounted in every aperture. Derivatives ˈparapeting n. ΚΠ 1912 Visct. Esher in J. Harris et al. Buckingham Palace (1968) 34 The King approves the parapetting work proceeding on Oct. 1. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1575v.1633
随便看	constantliest constantly constantness constants constants of colour constat constatation constatations constate constated constates constating constative constatives constaunch constell constellate constellated constellated images constellates constellating constellation constellational constellations constellatory

parapetn.

Compounds

Derivatives

parapetv.

Derivatives