passern.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːsə/,

/ˈpasə/, U.S.

/ˈpæsər/

Forms: Middle English passour, Middle English– passer, 1600s passar; Scottish pre-1700 passar, pre-1700 1700s– passer.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French passer , passeur ; pass v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: In senses 1 and 2 partly < Anglo-Norman passer, passur and Middle French passeur (c1170 in Old French in sense ‘ferryman’, 1181 in Old French in sense ‘person who passes’; French passeur ; < passer pass v. + -eur -er suffix²), and partly < pass v. + -er suffix¹. In later senses < pass v. + -er suffix¹. Compare post-classical Latin passarius (a1190 in a British source), passator (from 1202 in British sources), passor (13th cent. in British sources), all in sense ‘ferryman’.Attested earlier as a surname: compare Radulfus le Passur (1199), John le Passur (1249), Roberto le Passour (1313), etc., although it is unclear whether these are to be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word.

†1. A person who conveys someone or something across a river, a ferryman. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > ferryman

ferryman1192

passerc1300

ferrier1440

passengera1525

Charon1861

c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) 241 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 285 (MED) Bi-side þe Cite of Toluse bi a watur huy come; A man ladde heom ouer In a schip..Seint Domenic wolde wende is wei þo he to londe cam; þe passour him het a-bide..And seide he scholde him paye is huyre.

2. A person who passes or goes by; †a traveller (obsolete). Now rare except in passer-by n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > one who passes

passera1382

passantc1436

passer-by1568

by-passer1573

pass-by1602

passer-through1843

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xxii. 20 Crie to þe passeris [a1425 L.V. hem that passen forth; L. transeuntes], for to-treden ben alle þi looueres.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 123 (MED) While ȝe ben pilgrymes and passeris in þis world, ȝe mown in no maner wise passe wiþouten peyne.

1472 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 26 And in tyme cumming that thay vse the self law vpoun the passaris away fra the mylnis.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Passer by the contrey, viator.

1598 F. Rous Thule ii. i. l. 50 Towards the North a goodly Citie lyes, Whose stately bowers..make the passers to admire the land.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 133 Without troubling the passer, or borrowing Stentors voyce, you may..confere with any in the..towne.

a1764 R. Lloyd Ruff. Poet in Wks. (1774) I. 171 As gaudy signs, which hang before The tavern or the alehouse door, Hitch every passer's observation.

1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 112 This must exclude the great body of passers and repassers.

1886 F. Harrison Choice Bks. i. 11 Men who surrender their time to the first passer in the street.

1909 H. Belloc Marie Antoinette viii. 139 Whether her name..or so much as the presence of this chance passer, was noted by Marie Antoinette is not known.

2003 Green Bay (Wisconsin) Press-Gaz. (Nexis) 2 Feb. 1 b With the lights..glistening off his large display of bronze rings, passers could not help but notice.

a. A person who passes or sanctions a petition, bill, etc. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > legislator > [noun] > one who passes bill

passerc1626

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 258 And the parties dammaige and expensis may be payed be the saidis lordis passeris of the saidis billis.

1871 Maurice in Life F. D. Maurice (1884) II. xii. 178 The passer of the Roman Catholic Bill.

1904 J. M. Stone Reformation & Renaissance iv. 142 He became..a politician, a man of brilliant action, a passer of diplomatic measures.

2000 New Yorker (Nexis) 31 July 44 Gore made himself into the kind of [Senate] member who is more a prominent voice than a passer of bills.

b. A person who judges whether manufactured articles, esp. items of clothing, conform to a particular standard of quality.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other articles > [noun] > one who checks manufactured articles

passer1921

1921 Glasgow Herald 21 June 9/7 The proposed reduction is 3d. per hour in respect of measure cutters,..fitters-up, tailors' pressers, machinists, passers, etc.

1975 Evening Herald (Dublin) 8 May 12/5 (advt.) Passer—Jesswin have vacancies for experienced Passer, accustomed to handling top quality ladies' skirts and slacks.

1989 National Inst. Econ. Rev. (Nexis) May 40 Taking supervisors and passers together, there was one for each twelve machinists.

a. A person who or thing which causes something to be passed along or transferred. Usually as the second element of a compound.

ΚΠ

1662 in D. G. Vaisey Probate Inventories Lichfield & District 1568–1680 127 Neil passers, chaffinge dishes and brindle bittes.

1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxxviii. 405 The coal passers moved to their duties in the profound depths of the ship.

1975 Amer. Speech 1973 48 204 When the surgeon is operating on the lower spine or when that portion of the body has to be deadened for another operation, the gas passer will supply a girdle anesthesia.

1992 W. Mitchell For Art's Sake i. iii. 51 It seemed that the passer was not shovelling enough coal up to the trimmer.

2003 Charlotte (N. Carolina) Observer (Nexis) 3 Feb. (Health section) 1 e They had what is called an ‘instrument passer’.., whose job was to keep the tablespoons coming and coming clean.

b. Sport (chiefly Association Football and Rugby). A player who passes the ball to another player.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > types of player

field1816

fielder1824

defender1851

scrimmager1877

attacker1884

tackler1891

shooter1901

passer1905

right wing1908

ball hawk1917

screener1923

striker1963

1905 Westm. Gaz. 12 Dec. 9/2 From a clever pass—the ‘passer’ could not be distinguished in the fog—Parker feinted and swerved cleverly, scored behind the posts, and an easy goal resulted from Nesbitt's kick.

1927 W. W. Wakefield & H. P. Marshall Rugger ii. ii. 135 So that the passer may grow accustomed to timing his passes correctly.

1972 J. Mosedale Football ii. 18 Clark was his team's leading passer.

1991 Inside Sports Nov. 53/3 The post player as a passer has never been more important in the college game.

5. slang.

a. A person who puts base or forged money into circulation.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > person who

passer1795

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > passing of counterfeits > person who

outera1415

outputter1574

smasher1795

shoful-pitcher1839

shofulman1851

shover1859

varnisher1864

passer1929

dropper1938

1795 H. T. Potter New Dict. Cant & Flash Smasher, a passer of counterfeit coin.

1832 G. C. Lewis Remarks Use & Abuse Polit. Terms Introd. 10 The passers of bad money.

1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 92 Showfull-pitcher, a passer of counterfeit money.

1929 Detective Fiction Weekly 25 May 683/1 The carrier calls the ‘shovers’, sometimes known as ‘passers’ or ‘pushers’ who begin to operate. To this class belong the men who actually place the bogus money in circulation.

1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. v. 490 I'm going out to meet a passer, to hand this stuff over to him. It's all arranged and paid for.

2002 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 17 Aug. Three men..are accused of buying bogus bills..and recruiting a small group of ‘passers’ to put the bills into circulation.

b. A drug dealer. Cf. pusher n. 1f. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of illicit drugs

drug dealer1800

drug peddler1889

swing man1903

drug pusher1904

drug trafficker1912

dope-merchant1921

junker1922

dope-pedlar1923

junkie1923

pedlar1929

pusher1929

dope-seller1930

dope-runner1933

connection1934

dope-smuggler1937

tea man1938

man1942

dealer1951

score1951

passer1956

candy man1965

narcotraficante1980

clocker1989

1956 Sun (Baltimore) 26 July 14/1 This is an Act of the utmost severity, even providing the death penalty for ‘passers’ under certain circumstances.

6. A person who passes an examination.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > candidates > who passes

passer1898

1898 Weekly Reg. 26 Nov. 680 Successful passers of the London University B.A. [Examination].

1991 G. Butler Coffin Underground (BNC) 59 You've never been much of an exam passer.

2003 Manila Standard (Nexis) 11 Feb. Add the passers from the science schools and the results favor the public schools even more.

7. A person who is accepted as a member of a group where the dominant ethnicity, religion, or sexuality is different from his or her own.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > one who passes as one of another race > [noun]

passer1953

1953 P. H. Abrahams Return to Goli ii. iv. 64 If the passing is successful even the parents of the passer cease to know him or her.

1956 L. Kuper Passive resistance in S. Afr. i. ii. 66 Over the generations, there would have been inculcated into the successful ‘passer’ the dominant value that ‘whiteness is all’.

1993 Afr. Amer. Rev. 27 640/2 The figure of the exceptional, often isolated female passer enables Brown to problematize the racial and cultural rationale for slavery.

1997 S. A. Innes Lesbian Menace vii. 173 Partial passers..might more easily find employment and room for advancement than lesbians who are more blatantly queer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	passer
释义	passern. Brit. /ˈpɑːsə/, /ˈpasə/, U.S. /ˈpæsər/ Forms: Middle English passour, Middle English– passer, 1600s passar; Scottish pre-1700 passar, pre-1700 1700s– passer. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French passer , passeur ; pass v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: In senses 1 and 2 partly < Anglo-Norman passer, passur and Middle French passeur (c1170 in Old French in sense ‘ferryman’, 1181 in Old French in sense ‘person who passes’; French passeur ; < passer pass v. + -eur -er suffix²), and partly < pass v. + -er suffix¹. In later senses < pass v. + -er suffix¹. Compare post-classical Latin passarius (a1190 in a British source), passator (from 1202 in British sources), passor (13th cent. in British sources), all in sense ‘ferryman’.Attested earlier as a surname: compare Radulfus le Passur (1199), John le Passur (1249), Roberto le Passour (1313), etc., although it is unclear whether these are to be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. †1. A person who conveys someone or something across a river, a ferryman. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > ferryman ferryman1192 passerc1300 ferrier1440 passengera1525 Charon1861 c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) 241 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 285 (MED) Bi-side þe Cite of Toluse bi a watur huy come; A man ladde heom ouer In a schip..Seint Domenic wolde wende is wei þo he to londe cam; þe passour him het a-bide..And seide he scholde him paye is huyre. 2. A person who passes or goes by; †a traveller (obsolete). Now rare except in passer-by n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > one who passes passera1382 passantc1436 passer-by1568 by-passer1573 pass-by1602 passer-through1843 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xxii. 20 Crie to þe passeris [a1425 L.V. hem that passen forth; L. transeuntes], for to-treden ben alle þi looueres. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 123 (MED) While ȝe ben pilgrymes and passeris in þis world, ȝe mown in no maner wise passe wiþouten peyne. 1472 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 26 And in tyme cumming that thay vse the self law vpoun the passaris away fra the mylnis. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Passer by the contrey, viator. 1598 F. Rous Thule ii. i. l. 50 Towards the North a goodly Citie lyes, Whose stately bowers..make the passers to admire the land. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 133 Without troubling the passer, or borrowing Stentors voyce, you may..confere with any in the..towne. a1764 R. Lloyd Ruff. Poet in Wks. (1774) I. 171 As gaudy signs, which hang before The tavern or the alehouse door, Hitch every passer's observation. 1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 112 This must exclude the great body of passers and repassers. 1886 F. Harrison Choice Bks. i. 11 Men who surrender their time to the first passer in the street. 1909 H. Belloc Marie Antoinette viii. 139 Whether her name..or so much as the presence of this chance passer, was noted by Marie Antoinette is not known. 2003 Green Bay (Wisconsin) Press-Gaz. (Nexis) 2 Feb. 1 b With the lights..glistening off his large display of bronze rings, passers could not help but notice. 3. a. A person who passes or sanctions a petition, bill, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > legislator > [noun] > one who passes bill passerc1626 c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 258 And the parties dammaige and expensis may be payed be the saidis lordis passeris of the saidis billis. 1871 Maurice in Life F. D. Maurice (1884) II. xii. 178 The passer of the Roman Catholic Bill. 1904 J. M. Stone Reformation & Renaissance iv. 142 He became..a politician, a man of brilliant action, a passer of diplomatic measures. 2000 New Yorker (Nexis) 31 July 44 Gore made himself into the kind of [Senate] member who is more a prominent voice than a passer of bills. b. A person who judges whether manufactured articles, esp. items of clothing, conform to a particular standard of quality. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other articles > [noun] > one who checks manufactured articles passer1921 1921 Glasgow Herald 21 June 9/7 The proposed reduction is 3d. per hour in respect of measure cutters,..fitters-up, tailors' pressers, machinists, passers, etc. 1975 Evening Herald (Dublin) 8 May 12/5 (advt.) Passer—Jesswin have vacancies for experienced Passer, accustomed to handling top quality ladies' skirts and slacks. 1989 National Inst. Econ. Rev. (Nexis) May 40 Taking supervisors and passers together, there was one for each twelve machinists. 4. a. A person who or thing which causes something to be passed along or transferred. Usually as the second element of a compound. ΚΠ 1662 in D. G. Vaisey Probate Inventories Lichfield & District 1568–1680 127 Neil passers, chaffinge dishes and brindle bittes. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxxviii. 405 The coal passers moved to their duties in the profound depths of the ship. 1975 Amer. Speech 1973 48 204 When the surgeon is operating on the lower spine or when that portion of the body has to be deadened for another operation, the gas passer will supply a girdle anesthesia. 1992 W. Mitchell For Art's Sake i. iii. 51 It seemed that the passer was not shovelling enough coal up to the trimmer. 2003 Charlotte (N. Carolina) Observer (Nexis) 3 Feb. (Health section) 1 e They had what is called an ‘instrument passer’.., whose job was to keep the tablespoons coming and coming clean. b. Sport (chiefly Association Football and Rugby). A player who passes the ball to another player. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > types of player field1816 fielder1824 defender1851 scrimmager1877 attacker1884 tackler1891 shooter1901 passer1905 right wing1908 ball hawk1917 screener1923 striker1963 1905 Westm. Gaz. 12 Dec. 9/2 From a clever pass—the ‘passer’ could not be distinguished in the fog—Parker feinted and swerved cleverly, scored behind the posts, and an easy goal resulted from Nesbitt's kick. 1927 W. W. Wakefield & H. P. Marshall Rugger ii. ii. 135 So that the passer may grow accustomed to timing his passes correctly. 1972 J. Mosedale Football ii. 18 Clark was his team's leading passer. 1991 Inside Sports Nov. 53/3 The post player as a passer has never been more important in the college game. 5. slang. a. A person who puts base or forged money into circulation. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > person who passer1795 society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] > passing of money > passing of counterfeits > person who outera1415 outputter1574 smasher1795 shoful-pitcher1839 shofulman1851 shover1859 varnisher1864 passer1929 dropper1938 1795 H. T. Potter New Dict. Cant & Flash Smasher, a passer of counterfeit coin. 1832 G. C. Lewis Remarks Use & Abuse Polit. Terms Introd. 10 The passers of bad money. 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 92 Showfull-pitcher, a passer of counterfeit money. 1929 Detective Fiction Weekly 25 May 683/1 The carrier calls the ‘shovers’, sometimes known as ‘passers’ or ‘pushers’ who begin to operate. To this class belong the men who actually place the bogus money in circulation. 1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. v. 490 I'm going out to meet a passer, to hand this stuff over to him. It's all arranged and paid for. 2002 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 17 Aug. Three men..are accused of buying bogus bills..and recruiting a small group of ‘passers’ to put the bills into circulation. b. A drug dealer. Cf. pusher n. 1f. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of illicit drugs drug dealer1800 drug peddler1889 swing man1903 drug pusher1904 drug trafficker1912 dope-merchant1921 junker1922 dope-pedlar1923 junkie1923 pedlar1929 pusher1929 dope-seller1930 dope-runner1933 connection1934 dope-smuggler1937 tea man1938 man1942 dealer1951 score1951 passer1956 candy man1965 narcotraficante1980 clocker1989 1956 Sun (Baltimore) 26 July 14/1 This is an Act of the utmost severity, even providing the death penalty for ‘passers’ under certain circumstances. 6. A person who passes an examination. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > candidates > who passes passer1898 1898 Weekly Reg. 26 Nov. 680 Successful passers of the London University B.A. [Examination]. 1991 G. Butler Coffin Underground (BNC) 59 You've never been much of an exam passer. 2003 Manila Standard (Nexis) 11 Feb. Add the passers from the science schools and the results favor the public schools even more. 7. A person who is accepted as a member of a group where the dominant ethnicity, religion, or sexuality is different from his or her own. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > one who passes as one of another race > [noun] passer1953 1953 P. H. Abrahams Return to Goli ii. iv. 64 If the passing is successful even the parents of the passer cease to know him or her. 1956 L. Kuper Passive resistance in S. Afr. i. ii. 66 Over the generations, there would have been inculcated into the successful ‘passer’ the dominant value that ‘whiteness is all’. 1993 Afr. Amer. Rev. 27 640/2 The figure of the exceptional, often isolated female passer enables Brown to problematize the racial and cultural rationale for slavery. 1997 S. A. Innes Lesbian Menace vii. 173 Partial passers..might more easily find employment and room for advancement than lesbians who are more blatantly queer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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