Pakistaniadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌpɑːkᵻˈstɑːni/,

/ˌpakᵻˈstɑːni/,

/ˌpakᵻˈstani/, U.S.

/ˌpækəˈstæni/,

/ˌpɑkəˈstɑni/

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Pakistan , -i suffix².

Etymology: < the name of Pakistan, a country in the north-western part of South Asia + -i suffix².The idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India predates the formation of Pakistan as an independent state in 1947. The name Pakstan was coined by C. Rahmat Ali in Now or Never (1933) < Urdu pak and its etymon Persian pak pure, perfect, complete, with the suffix -stan common in the names of countries and regions in south and central Asia (compare stan n.¹). He explained it as additionally an acronym of letters representing the names of the areas of western British India inhabited predominantly by Muslims: Punjab, Afghani border, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan. The current form Pakistan is also attested in 1933 (see, e.g., Times 9 Aug. 9/3). Rahmat Ali seems first to have used this form in a letter of 8 July 1935, together with the derivatives Pakistani and Pakistanian, and from c1940 it became the established name for the separate state campaigned for by Muslim politicians. In a later work, Pakistan (1947), Rahmat Ali expanded the list of territories covered by the acronym to include some that do not form part of Pakistan, namely Iran, Afghanistan, and Tukharistan, as the emblem of wider Muslim unity. See further R. W. Burchfield, ‘Etymology of “Pakistan”’ in Notes & Queries (1960) 205 123–5. In its original form, the state of Pakistan comprised two non-contiguous areas, East and West Pakistan; the former gained independence from the latter as Bangladesh in 1971.

A. adj.

Of or relating to Pakistan, its inhabitants, or a community originating in Pakistan.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Pakistan > [adjective]

Pakistani1935

Pak1949

Paki1972

1935 C. Rahmat Ali Let. 8 July in Wks. (1978) I. ii. 26 We are content, and shall ever be content, to remain Pakistani.

1946 Civil & Mil. Gaz. 12 Dec. 9/1 Poor Indian Muslims had been massacred and are now migrating from Hindu majority provinces to Pakistani ground.

1950 Times 6 Mar. 5/7 The Pakistani Government soon set about filling the gap, taking care to ensure that the tribal areas and their peoples benefit from the development of West Pakistan as a whole.

1967 Listener 17 Aug. 211/3 Radio comics with their unending imitations of Pakistani bus conductors must find other targets.

1971 Peace News 28 Oct. 5/2 We understood that the Pakistani army was burning the villages in the area, in retaliation for the previous day's attack.

1988 Times of India 23 Feb. i. 3/2 This..was in great contrast to the ‘respect and appreciation’ that was accorded to Pakistani artistes.

1997 M. Shamsie Dragonfly in Sun p. xxii Pakistan's proximity to Afghanistan, Iran, India, China and Russia..has given Pakistani writers a particularly rich cultural heritage to draw on.

B. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Pakistan; a person of Pakistani descent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Pakistan > [noun]

Pakistani1941

Paki1964

Pak1965

1941 L. S. Amery Let. 25 Jan. in J. Glendevon Viceroy at Bay (1971) xvi. 198 Jinnah and his Pakistanis.

1948 Sunday Times 2 May 4/5 No Pakistani I have met is yet ready to admit that the achievement was not worth the sacrifice.

1965 New Statesman 30 Apr. 670/1 In neighbouring Sparkbrook, where faded vermilion posters..stare down upon shabbily dressed Pakistanis.

1973 M. Amis Rachel Papers 186 When I surfaced, dragged along in a tide of fat-legged girls and torpid Pakistanis,..there..was Rachel.

1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero xviii. 335 Entrepreneurial Pakistanis had opened souvenir stands.

2. colloquial. Any of the languages (other than English) spoken in Pakistan or by Pakistani (or occasionally other South Asian) speakers.Usually used in ignorance of the fact that there is no language officially called Pakistani; considered offensive if used deliberately. The official languages of Pakistan are Urdu, Sindhi, and English.

ΚΠ

1978 Times 26 May 5/2 An allegation that white children among immigrant pupils at a school in Birmingham were told they must learn ‘Pakistani’ were [sic] described yesterday as incredible.

1998 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 11 Oct. a54 Udall sipped beer as he alternately tried to teach the waiter English and learn Pakistani.

2002 Maclean's (Nexis) 25 Nov. 80 At one point, the Border Patrol agent casually asked if I spoke Pakistani and I was tempted to respond that while my Pakistani was a bit rough, I could speak Canadian flawlessly.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pakistani
释义	Pakistaniadj.n. Brit. /ˌpɑːkᵻˈstɑːni/, /ˌpakᵻˈstɑːni/, /ˌpakᵻˈstani/, U.S. /ˌpækəˈstæni/, /ˌpɑkəˈstɑni/ Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Pakistan , -i suffix². Etymology: < the name of Pakistan, a country in the north-western part of South Asia + -i suffix².The idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India predates the formation of Pakistan as an independent state in 1947. The name Pakstan was coined by C. Rahmat Ali in Now or Never (1933) < Urdu pak and its etymon Persian pak pure, perfect, complete, with the suffix -stan common in the names of countries and regions in south and central Asia (compare stan n.¹). He explained it as additionally an acronym of letters representing the names of the areas of western British India inhabited predominantly by Muslims: Punjab, Afghani border, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan. The current form Pakistan is also attested in 1933 (see, e.g., Times 9 Aug. 9/3). Rahmat Ali seems first to have used this form in a letter of 8 July 1935, together with the derivatives Pakistani and Pakistanian, and from c1940 it became the established name for the separate state campaigned for by Muslim politicians. In a later work, Pakistan (1947), Rahmat Ali expanded the list of territories covered by the acronym to include some that do not form part of Pakistan, namely Iran, Afghanistan, and Tukharistan, as the emblem of wider Muslim unity. See further R. W. Burchfield, ‘Etymology of “Pakistan”’ in Notes & Queries (1960) 205 123–5. In its original form, the state of Pakistan comprised two non-contiguous areas, East and West Pakistan; the former gained independence from the latter as Bangladesh in 1971. A. adj. Of or relating to Pakistan, its inhabitants, or a community originating in Pakistan. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Pakistan > [adjective] Pakistani1935 Pak1949 Paki1972 1935 C. Rahmat Ali Let. 8 July in Wks. (1978) I. ii. 26 We are content, and shall ever be content, to remain Pakistani. 1946 Civil & Mil. Gaz. 12 Dec. 9/1 Poor Indian Muslims had been massacred and are now migrating from Hindu majority provinces to Pakistani ground. 1950 Times 6 Mar. 5/7 The Pakistani Government soon set about filling the gap, taking care to ensure that the tribal areas and their peoples benefit from the development of West Pakistan as a whole. 1967 Listener 17 Aug. 211/3 Radio comics with their unending imitations of Pakistani bus conductors must find other targets. 1971 Peace News 28 Oct. 5/2 We understood that the Pakistani army was burning the villages in the area, in retaliation for the previous day's attack. 1988 Times of India 23 Feb. i. 3/2 This..was in great contrast to the ‘respect and appreciation’ that was accorded to Pakistani artistes. 1997 M. Shamsie Dragonfly in Sun p. xxii Pakistan's proximity to Afghanistan, Iran, India, China and Russia..has given Pakistani writers a particularly rich cultural heritage to draw on. B. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Pakistan; a person of Pakistani descent. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Pakistan > [noun] Pakistani1941 Paki1964 Pak1965 1941 L. S. Amery Let. 25 Jan. in J. Glendevon Viceroy at Bay (1971) xvi. 198 Jinnah and his Pakistanis. 1948 Sunday Times 2 May 4/5 No Pakistani I have met is yet ready to admit that the achievement was not worth the sacrifice. 1965 New Statesman 30 Apr. 670/1 In neighbouring Sparkbrook, where faded vermilion posters..stare down upon shabbily dressed Pakistanis. 1973 M. Amis Rachel Papers 186 When I surfaced, dragged along in a tide of fat-legged girls and torpid Pakistanis,..there..was Rachel. 1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero xviii. 335 Entrepreneurial Pakistanis had opened souvenir stands. 2. colloquial. Any of the languages (other than English) spoken in Pakistan or by Pakistani (or occasionally other South Asian) speakers.Usually used in ignorance of the fact that there is no language officially called Pakistani; considered offensive if used deliberately. The official languages of Pakistan are Urdu, Sindhi, and English. ΚΠ 1978 Times 26 May 5/2 An allegation that white children among immigrant pupils at a school in Birmingham were told they must learn ‘Pakistani’ were [sic] described yesterday as incredible. 1998 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 11 Oct. a54 Udall sipped beer as he alternately tried to teach the waiter English and learn Pakistani. 2002 Maclean's (Nexis) 25 Nov. 80 At one point, the Border Patrol agent casually asked if I spoke Pakistani and I was tempted to respond that while my Pakistani was a bit rough, I could speak Canadian flawlessly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1935
随便看	even out even poise even portion even rising even self even so even steven even terms even then even though even to even unto even up even up on even while even worse even-aged even-blush even-buying even-christian even-close even-deed even-down pour even-eche even-even