overmann.

Brit.

/ˈəʊvəmən/, U.S.

/ˈoʊvərˌmæn/ (esp. in sense 3)Brit.

/ˈəʊvəˌman/

Inflections: Plural overmen.

Forms: see over- prefix and man n.¹; also Scottish pre-1700 hoyrman.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, man n.¹

Etymology: < over- prefix + man n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch overman (Dutch overman ), Middle Low German ȫverman , Middle High German überman ; also oberman , obeman (German Obermann ). Compare oversman n.In sense 3 after German Übermensch Übermensch n. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (ō^u·vəɹmæ̆n) /ˈəʊvəmən/.

a. A man having a position of authority or rule over others; a leader, a ruler, a chief; a religious superior; esp. (in early use) a supervisor or overseer of workmen, servants, etc. Cf. oversman n. 2a. Also figurative.Now only in sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority

mastereOE

herOE

lordOE

overmana1325

overling1340

seignior1393

prelatea1475

oversman1505

signor1583

hogen mogen1639

boss-cocky1898

man1918

trump1937

authority figure1948

Great White Father1960

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3424 And if he rigten it ne can, He taune it al his ouer-man.

1376 Manorial Documents in Mod. Philol. (1936) 34 42 (MED) Overman.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6968 (MED) Ilk kinredd o þe tuelue Had þair ouer man [a1400 Trin. Cambr. lodesmon] ham-selfe.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 106 Redy at bidding of his our men to do his honour and charge of his lord.

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 269^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) A preist, that the Paip ore the ouirman has gevin autorite to.

1593 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (1887) (modernized text) VI. 687 Bailiff of husbandry, that in these parts [sc. the East Riding of Yorkshire] is called an overman, that is hired with a gentleman or rich yeoman that doth not labour himself, but putteth his whole charge to his servants.

1625 R. Montagu in J. Cosin Corr. 29 Feb. (1869) I. xxxvii. 61 I shall wholy and totally make you overseer, and overman to, of my book at presse.

1697 J. Gale Let. 3 Jan. in D. R. Hainsworth Corr. J. Lowther (1983) 338 Those two are managed by..persons that have..servants of their owne..but in the new rope walke your overman is a hyred person.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 341/2 The body of the [U.S. police] force being termed ‘patrol men’, with ‘overmen’ at stations and prisons.

b. Chiefly British. A foreman or supervisor in a mine or colliery. Cf. oversman n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > supervisor

banksman1486

overman1606

oversman1668

viewer1708

keeker1863

underlooker1871

underviewer?1881

veerer1883

1606 MS P.R.O. STAC/8/53/10 f. 2 The ouerman who haue got whole charge of workinge of the said pitte and should at his owne charges worke drawe upp and lye aboue ground at the said pitt eurye weeke five or six tennes of coales or theire abouts.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 13 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) It is the Over-Man's Business to place the Miners in their Workings.

1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle II. 682 The overman's office is to go through the pit to view the places where the men have wrought, to see that the pit is clear of sulphur, &c.

1805 Trans. Soc. Arts 23 33 My over-man being unacquainted with the drill husbandry.

1867 Special Rules Seaton Delaval Colliery in W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 231 None but the overman, or similar officer, to be allowed to carry a lamp key.

1935 A. J. Cronin Stars look Down iii. iii. 497 A few of the Neptune [pit] overmen were at the house.

1996 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 21/6 By attending Mansfield Technical College he gained an overman's certificate.

†2. Law. Chiefly Scots Law.

a. An arbiter, an arbitrator, an umpire. Cf. oversman n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > [noun] > one who arbitrates

arbitrer1382

judge1385

umpire?c1400

overman1424

arbitrator1426

oversman1492

daysman1530

referendary1546

arbiter1548

referee1549

moderator1556

awarder1561

deciser1563

decider?1568

decisor1569

settler1598

disceptator1623

umpirer1650

referrer1661

1424 Glasgow v. Dumbarton 1 in Dumbarton Burgh Rec. (1860) The qwilks xii, with the ourman..sal determyt al playnts.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1332 Throuch ii clempt thar hapnyt gret debait,..Ȝour king thai ast for to be thar ourman.

1552 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 127 Hes chosin..George Commendatour of Dunfermling, odman and ourman in the saidis materis.

1616 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 393 The saidis pairteis sal cheis foure frendis, with ane ouermanne as thai can aggre one for..deciding of the said contraverse.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Dec. 2/1 The two having the power to call in the services of an overman.

b. = oversman n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > one who assists or supervises

overseer1402

surveyor1420

survisor1449

supervisor1456

oversman1540

overman1557

superviser1616

1557 Southesk MSS. in 7th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1879) App. ii. 17 In case of discord betuix my barnis or executoris..I level my Lordis of Sanctandrois and Orknay ouermen and jugis amangys thame.

1577 in R. Dickson & J. P. Edmond Ann. Sc. Printing (1890) 305 Thomas Bassinden, prentar, makis Hew Tod and Katharane Norwell his executours, and Henry Charteris overman.

3. = superman n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun] > superman

superman1894

overman1895

beyond-man1896

superhuman1896

Übermensch1902

superperson1927

slan1940

1895 tr. M. Nordau Degeneration iii. v. 470 The ‘bullies’ gratefully recognise themselves in Nietzsche's ‘overman’.

1908 H. G. Wells War in Air xi. 365 His mind ran to ‘improving the race’ and producing the Over-Man.

1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point vi. 108 If you were a little less of an overman,..what good novels you'd write!

1984 A. Livingstone Lou Andreas-Salomé iii. 57 The theory of the ‘Superman’ (or ‘Overman’) does not exclude women.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

overmanv.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈman/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈmæn/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, man v.

Etymology: < over- prefix + man v. With sense 1 compare Dutch overmannen, Middle Low German ȫvermannen, German übermannen.

1. transitive. To overcome, overpower. Chiefly in passive. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm

overcomeeOE

overgangOE

overnimOE

overswivec1175

foldc1275

overgoc1275

to bear downc1330

oversetc1330

outrayc1390

overleada1393

overreach?a1425

overwhelmc1425

to whelve overc1440

overruna1475

surprise1474

overpress1489

surbatea1500

overhale1531

overbear1535

overcrow1550

disable1582

surgain1586

overpower1597

overman1609

to come over ——1637

to run down1655

overpower1667

compel1697

to get over ——1784

overget1877

to grab (also take) by the balls1934

1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 28 I'le never dread I shall be over man'd While I have hands to fight, or legs to stand.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xxxviii. 186 My soul is more than matched; she's overmanned; and by a madman!

1865 Reader No. 144. 366/3 Every foe is overmanned.

1945 Amer. Lit. 17 93 The fault charged against the first mate is that he allowed his soul to be ‘overmanned’.

2. transitive. To provide with too many men or people; to employ too many workers. Chiefly in passive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > seafaring life > [verb (transitive)] > provide crew for (specific parts of a ship) > provide with too many people

overman1636

society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > provide with staff > overstaff

overstaff1879

overman1899

1636–7 Let. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1849) (modernized text) II. 269 All the ships were overmanned which had infection among them.

1725 D. Defoe Voy. round World (1840) 68 We were over-manned and double-stored.

1774 B. Franklin Let. 12 Oct. in Wks. (1887) V. 371 Three ships of the line are fitting out for America, which are to be over-manned.

1899 Daily News 12 Sept. 6/4 In my times..some departments were overmanned and some were undermanned.

1945 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 32 238 An investigating commission had reported that the offices were overmanned.

2001 Times (Nexis) 16 Mar. The headhunters may be in for a leaner time this year but at least they can hold on to the fees for finding so many people to help to overman a business.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	overman
释义	overmann. Brit. /ˈəʊvəmən/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌmæn/ (esp. in sense 3)Brit. /ˈəʊvəˌman/ Inflections: Plural overmen. Forms: see over- prefix and man n.¹; also Scottish pre-1700 hoyrman. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, man n.¹ Etymology: < over- prefix + man n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch overman (Dutch overman ), Middle Low German ȫverman , Middle High German überman ; also oberman , obeman (German Obermann ). Compare oversman n.In sense 3 after German Übermensch Übermensch n. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (ō^u·vəɹmæ̆n) /ˈəʊvəmən/. 1. a. A man having a position of authority or rule over others; a leader, a ruler, a chief; a religious superior; esp. (in early use) a supervisor or overseer of workmen, servants, etc. Cf. oversman n. 2a. Also figurative.Now only in sense 1b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority mastereOE herOE lordOE overmana1325 overling1340 seignior1393 prelatea1475 oversman1505 signor1583 hogen mogen1639 boss-cocky1898 man1918 trump1937 authority figure1948 Great White Father1960 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3424 And if he rigten it ne can, He taune it al his ouer-man. 1376 Manorial Documents in Mod. Philol. (1936) 34 42 (MED) Overman. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6968 (MED) Ilk kinredd o þe tuelue Had þair ouer man [a1400 Trin. Cambr. lodesmon] ham-selfe. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 106 Redy at bidding of his our men to do his honour and charge of his lord. a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 269^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) A preist, that the Paip ore the ouirman has gevin autorite to. 1593 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (1887) (modernized text) VI. 687 Bailiff of husbandry, that in these parts [sc. the East Riding of Yorkshire] is called an overman, that is hired with a gentleman or rich yeoman that doth not labour himself, but putteth his whole charge to his servants. 1625 R. Montagu in J. Cosin Corr. 29 Feb. (1869) I. xxxvii. 61 I shall wholy and totally make you overseer, and overman to, of my book at presse. 1697 J. Gale Let. 3 Jan. in D. R. Hainsworth Corr. J. Lowther (1983) 338 Those two are managed by..persons that have..servants of their owne..but in the new rope walke your overman is a hyred person. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 341/2 The body of the [U.S. police] force being termed ‘patrol men’, with ‘overmen’ at stations and prisons. b. Chiefly British. A foreman or supervisor in a mine or colliery. Cf. oversman n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > supervisor banksman1486 overman1606 oversman1668 viewer1708 keeker1863 underlooker1871 underviewer?1881 veerer1883 1606 MS P.R.O. STAC/8/53/10 f. 2 The ouerman who haue got whole charge of workinge of the said pitte and should at his owne charges worke drawe upp and lye aboue ground at the said pitt eurye weeke five or six tennes of coales or theire abouts. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 13 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) It is the Over-Man's Business to place the Miners in their Workings. 1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle II. 682 The overman's office is to go through the pit to view the places where the men have wrought, to see that the pit is clear of sulphur, &c. 1805 Trans. Soc. Arts 23 33 My over-man being unacquainted with the drill husbandry. 1867 Special Rules Seaton Delaval Colliery in W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 231 None but the overman, or similar officer, to be allowed to carry a lamp key. 1935 A. J. Cronin Stars look Down iii. iii. 497 A few of the Neptune [pit] overmen were at the house. 1996 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 21/6 By attending Mansfield Technical College he gained an overman's certificate. †2. Law. Chiefly Scots Law. a. An arbiter, an arbitrator, an umpire. Cf. oversman n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > [noun] > one who arbitrates arbitrer1382 judge1385 umpire?c1400 overman1424 arbitrator1426 oversman1492 daysman1530 referendary1546 arbiter1548 referee1549 moderator1556 awarder1561 deciser1563 decider?1568 decisor1569 settler1598 disceptator1623 umpirer1650 referrer1661 1424 Glasgow v. Dumbarton 1 in Dumbarton Burgh Rec. (1860) The qwilks xii, with the ourman..sal determyt al playnts. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1332 Throuch ii clempt thar hapnyt gret debait,..Ȝour king thai ast for to be thar ourman. 1552 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 127 Hes chosin..George Commendatour of Dunfermling, odman and ourman in the saidis materis. 1616 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 393 The saidis pairteis sal cheis foure frendis, with ane ouermanne as thai can aggre one for..deciding of the said contraverse. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Dec. 2/1 The two having the power to call in the services of an overman. b. = oversman n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate > one who > one who assists or supervises overseer1402 surveyor1420 survisor1449 supervisor1456 oversman1540 overman1557 superviser1616 1557 Southesk MSS. in 7th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1879) App. ii. 17 In case of discord betuix my barnis or executoris..I level my Lordis of Sanctandrois and Orknay ouermen and jugis amangys thame. 1577 in R. Dickson & J. P. Edmond Ann. Sc. Printing (1890) 305 Thomas Bassinden, prentar, makis Hew Tod and Katharane Norwell his executours, and Henry Charteris overman. 3. = superman n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > superman superman1894 overman1895 beyond-man1896 superhuman1896 Übermensch1902 superperson1927 slan1940 1895 tr. M. Nordau Degeneration iii. v. 470 The ‘bullies’ gratefully recognise themselves in Nietzsche's ‘overman’. 1908 H. G. Wells War in Air xi. 365 His mind ran to ‘improving the race’ and producing the Over-Man. 1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point vi. 108 If you were a little less of an overman,..what good novels you'd write! 1984 A. Livingstone Lou Andreas-Salomé iii. 57 The theory of the ‘Superman’ (or ‘Overman’) does not exclude women. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). overmanv. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈman/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈmæn/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, man v. Etymology: < over- prefix + man v. With sense 1 compare Dutch overmannen, Middle Low German ȫvermannen, German übermannen. 1. transitive. To overcome, overpower. Chiefly in passive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm overcomeeOE overgangOE overnimOE overswivec1175 foldc1275 overgoc1275 to bear downc1330 oversetc1330 outrayc1390 overleada1393 overreach?a1425 overwhelmc1425 to whelve overc1440 overruna1475 surprise1474 overpress1489 surbatea1500 overhale1531 overbear1535 overcrow1550 disable1582 surgain1586 overpower1597 overman1609 to come over ——1637 to run down1655 overpower1667 compel1697 to get over ——1784 overget1877 to grab (also take) by the balls1934 1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 28 I'le never dread I shall be over man'd While I have hands to fight, or legs to stand. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xxxviii. 186 My soul is more than matched; she's overmanned; and by a madman! 1865 Reader No. 144. 366/3 Every foe is overmanned. 1945 Amer. Lit. 17 93 The fault charged against the first mate is that he allowed his soul to be ‘overmanned’. 2. transitive. To provide with too many men or people; to employ too many workers. Chiefly in passive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > seafaring life > [verb (transitive)] > provide crew for (specific parts of a ship) > provide with too many people overman1636 society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > provide with staff > overstaff overstaff1879 overman1899 1636–7 Let. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1849) (modernized text) II. 269 All the ships were overmanned which had infection among them. 1725 D. Defoe Voy. round World (1840) 68 We were over-manned and double-stored. 1774 B. Franklin Let. 12 Oct. in Wks. (1887) V. 371 Three ships of the line are fitting out for America, which are to be over-manned. 1899 Daily News 12 Sept. 6/4 In my times..some departments were overmanned and some were undermanned. 1945 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 32 238 An investigating commission had reported that the offices were overmanned. 2001 Times (Nexis) 16 Mar. The headhunters may be in for a leaner time this year but at least they can hold on to the fees for finding so many people to help to overman a business. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325v.1609
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