| 释义 |
nutmegn.adj. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by compounding; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French, combined with an English element; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: nut n.1, English muge; French muge, mugue. Etymology: < nut n.1 + a second element which is either Middle English muge musk (rare; also denoting a fragrant herb, probably sweet woodruff; compare in this sense Anglo-Norman muge de bois (c1265), post-classical Latin herba muscata (14th cent. in a British source), and mugget n.2) or its etymon Anglo-Norman muge, mugue and Old French mugue musk (end of the 11th cent.; ultimately < post-classical Latin muscus musk n.), probably after Anglo-Norman nois mugette (also nois muscade, nois muscate) and Middle French noix muguette (14th cent.; 12th cent. in Old French as noiz mugate, noiz muguete, noiz muscade, noiz muscate, 13th cent. as noiz musgade; French noix muscade). No compound in mugue musk, directly paralleling the English word, is attested in either Anglo-Norman or Old French, but compare post-classical Latin nux muga (1325), nux de muga (1314; both in British sources); compare also post-classical Latin nux mugata (1328, 1372 in British sources).Compare Catalan nou moscada (1249 as nou noscada ), Old Occitan noz muscada (c1250), Italian noce moscata (early 14th cent. in plural as noci moscade , noci moscate ), Spanish nuez moscada (14th cent.; also 1493 or earlier as nuez muscada ), post-classical Latin nux muscata (see nux moschata n.). The Romance compound has been borrowed into several Germanic languages, compare Middle Dutch notemusscate (Dutch nootmuskaat , notemuskaat ; also muskaatnoot denoting the fruit containing the nutmeg), Middle High German muscātnuz (German Muskatnuss ), Swedish muskotnöt , Danish muskatnød . The vowel of the second element in the β and γ forms is unexplained. The U.S. regional γ forms nutten-egg and nuttin'-aig probably represent reanalysis by folk etymology as if < nuttin' n. + egg n. Sense A. 4 is often said to be a survival in a transferred use of sense A. 3, but the lack of 20th-cent. evidence of the latter suggests that there may be some other origin. It has also often been suggested that this sense arose from rhyming slang for leg, but there is no independent evidence to support this assumption. A. n. 1. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > nutmeg or mace the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > fruit or seed > nutmeg α. 1387 (Public Rec. Office) (MED) xlv lb. de Nutimenge [perh. read Nutimeuge]. c1390 G. Chaucer 1953 The licorys..And notemuge to putte in ale. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 236b Notemuge y-holde to þe nose conforteþ þe brayn. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 6782 Note-muge and þe setewale On hym smelleþ. ?c1425 Recipe in (Arun. 334) (1790) 473 Take clowes, maces..nutmukes. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 87v A Nutt muge, nux muscata. a1500 (Laud) (1950) 188 (MED) Nvx muscata is a fruyet of a tree þat growith [in] inde, þat me clepuþ notemuge. 1570 Edinb. Test. II. f. 145v, in at Nut-, Nutemug(g Ane pund..of nutemuggis price..xxxvj s. ?1577 Misogonus ii. iv, in R. W. Bond (1911) 206 Pardone good maddame will ye haue a nutmugge to grate a minsinge las a honey swete blowse. 1633 Edinb. Test. LVI. f. 142v, in at Nit-, Net-, Neitmug Fyve pund weycht of nettmuges at 1 s. the pund weycht. 1664 f. 107 For nuttmug lymon maice cloves etc. 1817 W. Scott xviii [She] ask'd him ‘about the news from Eastern parts,..And if the nitmugs were grown ony cheaper’. 1877 F. Ross et al. 102/1 Nutmug,..a nutmeg. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > fruit or seed > nutmeg > nutmeg-tree 1814 M. Flinders II. 188 We found upon Chasm Island..many large bushes covered with nutmegs... It is the Myristica insipida of Brown's Prodrom. Nov. Holl. p.400. 1836 J. C. Loudon (rev. ed.) 394 Agathophyllum, W. Madagascar-Nutmeg... In Madagascar, where it is called Ravenasara, it forms a large tree with a rufous aromatic bark... The dried fruit is very aromatic. 1857 A. Henfrey 365 The nuts are enclosed in the tube of the perianth, and the persistent styles grow out into feathery awns, whence the plants are called Plume-nutmegs. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 663/2 The aromatic seeds of the Chilian species [of Laurelia], L. sempervirens, are used as a spice in Peru, and are often called Peruvian Nutmegs. 1908 E. J. Banfield 118 All sorts of nuts and seeds, and even fruits are consumed—quandongs, various palm seeds..nutmeg (Myristica insipida, not the nutmeg of commerce, though resembling it). 1932 A. L. Winton & K. G. B. Winton IV. 345 Macassar or Papua mace and nutmeg, products of M. argentea Warb., are inferior. 1984 B. Dixon 23 Trees with edible fruit like the black pine, the finger cherry and the wild nutmeg. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > peach > other types of peach the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > peach > types of peach 1629 J. Parkinson iii. xv. 582 The Nutmeg Peach is of two sorts..; they are both small peaches. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 70 in Peaches. Nutmeg, Isabella, Persian. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 72 in Plums..White Nutmeg, late Pear-plum. 1731 P. Miller I. at Persica The White Nutmeg..is the first ripe Peach. 1731 P. Miller I. at Persica The Red Nutmeg is..somewhat larger than the white. 1766 at Peach-tree The white nutmeg peach, this is ripe in July. 2. The red nutmeg, this ripens about the beginning of August. 1860 R. Hogg 168 Bezi de Caissoy..(Nutmeg;..Winter Poplin). 1929 H. F. Roberts 91 By crossing the ‘Noblesse’ peach (female) by ‘Nutmeg’ (male), he obtained about twenty seedlings. the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > testicle or testicles 1690 1/3 I'll immediately whip out your nutmegs, he cry'd. ?1750 vi. 20 My precious nutmegs do not wound, For fear I should not live. 1785 F. Grose Nutmegs, testicles. 1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ (new ed.) 126/2 Nutmegs, the testicles of men. [Also in later dictionaries.] 1968 R. Marsh iv. 33 Three times I pushed the ball between the legs of the same full-back. This is the worst thing a forward can do to a defender because it makes him look foolish; and if, as I did, the forward then shouts ‘Nut Meg’ (the traditional taunt) the defender's ego takes a sharp knock. Three ‘Nut Megs’ was more than this defender..could stand. 1977 17 Oct. 9/2 Woodcock..could include successive ‘nutmegs’ on Donachie and Booth among his contributions. 1997 (Electronic ed.) 2 Jan. A pinpoint nutmeg..released Sutton in the area, Southall again forced to abandon his line. B. adj.the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > disorders of liver > symptoms 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. IV. 121 Sometimes the liver was nutmeg. the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > greyish brown the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > reddish brown > nut or chestnut 1965 M. Bradbury i. 47 They were avaricious internationalists, evidently, their legs turned nutmeg by a sun that had come to find them daily in different places. 1974 P. Flower xviii. 119 His nutmeg lambswool cardigan. 1991 Dec. 45 Indian and Far Eastern influences lead the way, with earthy saffron, mustard and nutmeg hues spicing fabrics with a rich, warm glow. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > fungi > [noun] > mushroom the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > mushroom > types of 1813 J. M. Good et al. at Myristica The soil on which any large quantity of this is deposited shoots forth very speedily a nutmeg-boletus, or mushroom. the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown > nut or chestnut 1687 No. 2218/4 A new fashionable Suit near a Nutmeg colour. 1999 S. J. Naslund viii. 30 Her hair was the color of nutmeg, between red and brown, and across her nose and cheeks were scattered freckles of the same nutmeg color. 1884 11 77 The nutmeg-pigeon of the Spice Islands..eats the nutmeg fruits, digests the pulp, and expels the seeds which we call nutmegs, sometimes carrying them many miles from the parent. 1994 A. Theroux 142 Ripe nutmeg fruit, including the nut, is yellow. 1801 Misc. Tracts 217/2 The general idleness, and consequent neglect of the nutmeg plantations. 1855 Aug. 335/1 At the base of the hills, among the nutmeg plantations, one hears repeated at intervals, a shrill, wailing sound. 1987 1 44/1 Virtually all of Sangihe has been converted to coconut and nutmeg plantations or else is covered by [etc.]. 1864 Ld. Tennyson 40 Where those long swells of breaker sweep The nutmeg rocks and isles of clove. 1813 J. M. Good et al. at Myristica The chief nutmeg trade lies at Ceylon. 1949 S. J. Perelman Let. 24 Mar. in (1987) 93 The nutmeg trade is about as thriving as the traffic in ruching and diavolos. 1830 J. Lindley 23 Myristiceæ, the Nutmeg Tribe. 1848 M. Somerville II. xxiv. 106 What remains is mingled with the cabbage-palm, various species of the nutmeg tribe, sandal-wood, and other Malayan forms. b. Objective. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > grater 1623 J. Webster ii. i. sig. Dv There was a Lady in France, that hauing had the small pockes, Flead the skinne off her face, to make it more leuell; And whereas before she look'd like a Nutmeg-grater, After she resembled an abortiue hedge-hog. 1705 No. 4154/4 Stolen.., a Nutmeg-Grater. 1847 II. 882 Plates of iron perforated..so as to resemble a nutmeg-grater. 1989 I. 472/1 Carved coquilla nutmeg graters. c. Similative. a1627 T. Middleton et al. (1652) ii. i. 14 He in the Nutmeg-colourd band. 1745 28 Sept. 4/1 Two Mares, one a Roan or Nutmeg colour'd Mare. 1998 32 682/1 Cliff's Zoe is the fatherless, nutmeg-colored daughter of a poor market woman, Miss Ruthie. C2. a. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > nutmeg or mace 1871 C. Kingsley v Here and there a nutmeg-apple has split, and shows within the delicate crimson caul of mace. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Estrildidae (wax-bill) > genus Lonchura (silver-bill) 1820 J. Crawfurd I. 507 A certain blue pigeon, called..by the Malays the Nutmeg-bird. 1873 N. Pike 312 The pretty little Pingoes, or Nutmeg Birds (so called from the brest being a peculiar shade of a fresh nutmeg when cut in two), were twittering on every bush. 1911 XXVIII. 440/1 Usually classed with the weaver-birds is a vast group of small seed-eating forms... These comprehend the amadavats,..nutmeg birds, [etc.]. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > nutmeg or mace > ground 1844 13 July 650/1 The Myristica moschata, the common nutmeg, with the M. sebifera, both yield a solid oil, sometimes called nutmeg butter. 1954 E. W. Eckey xiii. 407 Commercial preparation of nutmeg butter usually is by pressing of the ground and cooked or steamed kernels. 1989 XIII. 668/1 The fixed oil is known as nutmeg butter and is used in ointments and in candles. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Cypraeidae > shell of cowrie 1815 E. J. Burrow 198 Cypræa Arabica, Nutmeg Cowry. 1833 (Royal Soc.) 123 788 It is by this process that the red spots are formed on the polished muscle-shells and uncoated Nutmeg Cowries. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Estrildidae (wax-bill) > genus Lonchura (silver-bill) 1881 1002 Nutmeg-Finch (Munia undulata). 1966 N. W. Cayley (ed. 4) 315 Spice Finch... Also called Nutmeg Finch... It frequents scrubby areas, grasslands, orchards and cultivation paddocks. 1829 A. Eaton (ed. 5) 303 Nigella... Exotic. sativa (nutmeg flower). 1868 A. Gray 40 Nutmeg-Flower. Cultivated in some old gardens. 1989 76 89/2 Other than the ever present thrips, we observed no nocturnal visits to nutmeg flowers. 1996 170 Black Cumin, Fennel Flower, Nutmeg Flower, Roman Coriander. 1689 No. 2422/4 Stolen.., a well shaped Nutmeg grey Stone Nag. 1757 D. Garrick i. 16 The Nutmeg Grey, Custard, is match'd with Alderman. 1816 R. Lawrence 299 The nutmeg grey, when the dapple and other mixture participate of the bay or chestnut, is not only exceedingly beautiful, but most of the nutmeg greys turn out very hardy and good. 1859 Sept. 269/1 The commonest of all colours [in the Arab horse] is..a dark uniform nutmeg grey. 1977 A. Dent tr. R. Geurts ii. 26 The same applies to the still current expression, nutmeg-grey, when the coat comprises brown, red, or yellow hairs. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > North American trees or shrubs > [noun] > hickory the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > North American trees or shrubs > [adjective] > of the hickory 1810 F. A. Michaux I. 21 Nutmeg hickory nut.., nom donné par moi.] 1832 D. J. Browne 177 This species..bears the name of Nutmeg Hickory, from the resemblance of its fruits to that of the nutmeg. 1901 C. T. Mohr 101 The nutmeg hickory, when full grown, resembles the shagbark hickory in its pale, shreddy bark. 1963 15 213 A comparison of the U.S...and Mexican..nutmeg hickories, C. myristiciformis, reveals a remarkable uniformity in pollen size. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver 1833 (Royal Soc.) 123 714 The lobules..appear larger when the section is made in the direction of the hepatic veins, and smaller when in the transverse direction. This is most apparent in that state of the liver usually called the nutmeg liver. 1876 J. S. Bristowe ii. v. 730 The simple induration and congestion which constitute the ‘nutmeg liver’ may have the same effect. 1989 72 690 Post-mortem examination indicated..extensive bronchopneumonia and apical scarring, a nutmeg liver..and left kidney infarction. 1947 J. Delacour 336 Nutmeg Mannikin (Lonchura punctulata)... A very widespread and variable species. 1989 VII. 786/1 Abundant in southern Asia are the nutmeg mannikin (L. punctulata), also called spice finch or spotted munia, and the striated mannikin (L. striata), also called white-backed munia. 1992 24 78/2 The nutmeg mannikin was introduced to Hawaii in 1865. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > gourd > [noun] > melon > water melon the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > gourd > [noun] > melon > other melons the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > gourd > melon > other types of melon 1804 J. Gardiner & D. Hepburn 49 The best kinds [of melon] are the diarbeker, nutmeg, romana, minorca.] 1811 T. Jefferson Let. 24 Mar. in (2006) Retirement Ser. III. 501 I send you some Nutmeg melon which I know to be fine. 1870 C. D. Warner xiv. 121 The nutmeg-melons, having covered themselves with delicate lace-work, are now ready to leave the vine. 1933 W. W. Robbins & F. Ramaley xv. 259 Netted melons, nutmeg melons, or cantaloupes; spheroidal to ellipsoidal with netted skin, flesh green to orange. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils 1849 P. F. H. Fromberg tr. G. J. Mulder 818 The greater number of fats..may therefore in this respect be compared with the stearopt of nutmeg oil, C16 H16 O5. 1891 T. E. Thorpe II. 712 Nutmeg-oil (syn. Oil of Mace)..is extracted by bruising the fruit and submitting the paste to the action of steam. 1984 (Nexis) 19 Mar. 58 When the various components of nutmeg oil were tested separately, eugenol was found to be the most potent substance. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > miscellaneous types of 1783 J. Latham II. iii. 636 Nutmeg P[igeon]... Size of the Ring Pigeon..inhabits the Molucca islands, where it feeds on Nutmegs. 1869 A. R. Wallace II. xxix. 181 It is a rare species, which I have named Carpophaga concinna... The same species..in the island of Banda is called the nutmeg-pigeon. 1895 W. R. O. Grant in R. Lydekker IV. 369 The white nutmeg pigeon..is a handsome species found in the Philippine Islands [etc.]. c1960 C. Mackness 4 Nutmeg pigeons were then very numerous... They could be pulled off their nests with the bare hands at dusk. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of 1860 R. Hogg 5 Cockle Pippin, D. (Nutmeg Pippin). 1920 E. A. Bunyard 98 Nutmeg Pippin... Lindley considered this to be the same as Cockles Pippin, but the fruit grown in Kent is quite distinct. 1834 Jan. 109 The shrewd native of the nutmeg State, who..now ploughs the broad ocean, instead of vending his clocks and clothes-pins from Dan to Beersheba on shore. 1857 Dec. 136/2 Let us repeat a story that comes fresh from the Nutmeg State. 1948 June 128/2 Nutmeg State sportsmen immediately set out on an anti-pollution program that may get results. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > fruit or seed > nutmeg > nutmeg-tree 1594 T. Blundeville v. xi. f. 260v The Nutmeg tree groweth in the Ile of Bada, and differeth not much from the Peach tree. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. I. 127 These Isles are so stock'd with Nutmeg-Trees, that it is almost incredible. 1861 R. Bentley ii. iii. 633 The Nutmeg tree..bears pear-shaped fruits, commonly about the size of an ordinary peach. 1983 J. Famularo & L. Imperiale i. 6 The hard, dark aromatic kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree is encased in a lacy covering..known as mace. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > palm a1854 E. Grant (1988) II. xxix. 294 The nutmeg wood..is one of the most interesting spots to drive thro' from the beauty of the trees. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 796/1 Nutmeg-wood, the wood of the Palmyra palm, Borassus flabelliformis. 1998 (Nexis) 10 Feb. 15 The old, square-shaped kaya (Japanese nutmeg wood) bathtub that Kawabata soaked in. 1833 18 30 The liver contained a good deal of blood, which was distributed irregularly between the acini, so as to give a mottled or nutmeg appearance. 1876 J. S. Bristowe ii. v. 781 The liver may consequently present something of the nutmeg character. 1979 73 188 It seems that obstruction of the hepatic vein contributes substantially towards the enlargement of the liver and its exaggerated nutmeg appearance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). nutmegv.Inflections: Present participle nutmegging; past tense and past participle nutmegged; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nutmeg n. 1770 T. Warton Oxf. Newsman's Verses in (1802) 215 Your hospitable board With cold sirloin is amply stor'd, And old October, nutmeg'd nice. 1977 Jan. 66/3 For 42 yules New Yorker Writer Frank Sullivan saluted friends and celebrities in a full-page poem, nutmegged with his gentle wit and redolent rhymes. 1975 16 Mar. 21/8 I can nutmeg people [putting the ball through their legs] and cut away difficult balls. 1979 29 Jan. 20/6 Brady drifted past three defenders, nutmegging the third with impudent ease. 1989 30 July 40/1 Cooper nutmegged more players in one game than I've seen in a whole season. 1999 (Electronic ed.) 22 Nov. Sub David Thompson nutmegged Darren Williams with a back-heel and crossed for Patrik Berger to bury a low shot. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.1387v.1770 |
