| 释义 |
bankern.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French banker, bankour. Etymology: In α. forms < Anglo-Norman banker, banquer, banqwer (12th cent.) < banc bench (see bank n.2) + -er -er suffix2; in β. forms apparently with alteration after -ard suffix. In γ. forms probably < Anglo-Norman bankour, bancour, banquour (15th cent. or earlier) < banc bench (see bank n.2) + -our -our suffix. Compare Middle French bankier , banquier , bancquier ( < banc + -ier -ier suffix). Compare post-classical Latin bancarium, bankerium, banquarium, banquerium (frequently from 1284 in British sources).Compare the following earlier examples, although it is unclear whether these should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1278 Tournament Purchase Roll in Archaeologia (1814) 17 308 iiij banqers radiati pro Camera Regis..ij magni banqers pro armis emptis Parisiis cooperiendis.?c1300 Subsidy Roll, Lynn Regis in Norfolk Archaeol. (1847) 1 344 In j banker & x chalons.1311 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. iv iiij banker'.With the β. forms perhaps compare late Middle English bankerder, apparently in the same sense (1472–3). Chiefly historical and archaic after 17th cent. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > covers or hangings > [noun] > cover for furniture > for seat society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > covers or hangings > [noun] > hangings > a hanging ?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars l. 69 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel (1917) 138 (MED) Þe bankers on þe binkes lay, And fair lordes sette ii fonde. 1395 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 5 An Halle, with docere, costers and bankers. c1430 N. Love (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 98 On the bare grounde, for there had he neither banker ne kuschyne. a1475 in J. O. Halliwell (1855) 4 The dosers alle of camaca, The bankers alle of taffaca. c1503 R. Arnold f. lxxxxiijv/1 The hangyng bankers and cussyons in my halle. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 672 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 116 Braid burdis and benkis ourbeld with bancouris of gold. 1534 in E. Peacock (1866) 186 A olde bankard made of an olde carpett. 1574 in J. Raine (1853) 248 A hawlinge, a bynker of wannes, and ij fox skynnes. 1660 iv. Sched. Bankers of Verdure, the dozen pieces, ivl. 1676 W. Dugdale II. 27/1 To Sir Thomas Morle Knight, his son, he bequeath'd his Principal Dorser, four Costers, and one Banker. a1771 T. Martin (1779) xvi. 209 To the master and brethren towards ornamenting the chambers there she ordered..six tapestry cushions, three blue bankers and cushions thereto, [etc.]. 1870 W. Bottrell 257 The cosy, old, panelled settle, but now without the bankers and dorsars, or the cushions, for the seats and back. 1890 W. Morris in July 755 Some went to the chests and brought out the rich hangings, the goodly bankers and dorsars. 2003 F. Pritchard in D. Jenkins I. ii. vii. 361 In 1399 Simon Wynchecombe, a London armourer, bequeathed tapestry-woven costers, bankers and cushions to his son. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bankern.2 Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: bank n.3, -er suffix1; bank v.2, -er suffix1; French banquier. Etymology: In α. forms partly (i) < bank n.3 + -er suffix1, after Middle French banquier (see below), and partly (ii, in sense 4) < bank v.2 + -er suffix1. In β. forms probably (iii) directly < French banquier (c1365 in Middle French; 1680 in specific use in games and gambling) < Italian banchiere (13th cent. as bankiere , banchero ) < banco , banca bench, market stall, sales counter (see bank n.2 and compare bank n.3) + -iere -ier suffix. Compare earlier moneyer n.Compare post-classical Latin bancharius , banquarius , banquerius (13th cent.), bancarius (from 15th cent. in Scottish sources), all denoting people in charge of money. Compare also classical Latin mensarius moneylender, specific use as noun of an adjective meaning ‘relating to a table’. Compare Old Occitan banquié (1501), Catalan banquer (15th cent.), Spanish banquero (15th cent.), Portuguese banqueiro (1512). Compare also Middle Low German bankēr , early modern German banker (mid 15th cent.), Old Swedish bankare , and also (with β. forms) Middle Dutch banckier (Dutch bankier), German Bankier (1621), Swedish bankir (1686 as banquier). 1. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > money-changing > money changer society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > one dealing in bills of exchange 1484 W. Caxton tr. f. vij Whanne the Banquers [Fr. les banquiers] receyued the money of this sale, they demaunded curyously who were the byar and the sellar. 1534 T. More Treat. Passion in 1385/2 In the temple, he had ouerthrowen the bankers tables. 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Banquero A bankor, an exchanger of money, Argentarius. 1624 T. Heywood vi. 271 One Philippus, a bancker, or one that dealt in the exchange of money. 1654 R. Flecknoe xxxiii. 105 Our English money current with much adoe in neighbouring Countries..but farther off you must go to Banquiers of your own nation, or none will take it of your hands. 1683 J. Pettus Ess. Metallick Words at Moneyers, in ii Monyers..lately called Bankers. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > [noun] > arranging of loans > one who arranges loans ?1526 G. Hervet tr. Erasmus sig. M.ij The wyse men of this worlde wyl nat suffre theyr money to rust in theyr chestis, but they leaue it wt ye bankers [L. mensarios], yt by vsury they may get more to it. a1556 N. Udall (?1566) i. i. sig. A.ijv Truely of all men he is my chiefe banker Both for meate and money. 1656 T. Stanley II. vii. 33 He deposited some mony in the hands of a Banquier. 1670 A. Marvell Let. 15 Dec. in (1971) II. 122 Voted that..all mony in the hand of Banquiers shall pay 15s per 100li. 1760 E. Burke 42 The provinces [of Rome] were over-run by publicans,..confiscators, usurers, bankers. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business > manager, director, or proprietor of bank 1670–1 Act 22 & 23 Charles II c. 3 in (1819) V. 693 Whereas severall persons being Goldsmiths and others by takeing or borrowing great summes of money, and lending out the same againe for extraordinary lucre and proffitt have gained and acquired unto themselves the Reputacion and Name of Bankers. 1671 J. Dryden Epil. And Banquier-like, each day Accept new Bills, and he must break, or pay. 1728 J. Swift 13 The daily encrease of Bankers, who may be a necessary Evil in a Trading-Country, but so ruinous in Ours. 1761 31 601 Imposed on a young man, a banker's-clerk. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards vii. 42 You..deposit your money at a private banker's, or in the Bank of England. 1866 A. Crump 79 As money rises in value, the balances in the hands of bankers decrease. 1931 D. Mackail xi. 376 It was delightful enough when her new bankers sent her a credit note for nearly three hundred pounds. 1971 Sept. 58/2 She's a banker. And the advantage is that the same financial acumen she employs in her career is brought home every evening. 1991 3 Dec. 1/7 Bankers which have lent £1.3bn to MCC are pressing for an independent accounting report into the finances of the company. 2010 10 Feb. 3/1 Bankers are scooping huge bonuses while the rest of us suffer pay freezes. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money 1646 J. Benbrigge 11 Neither Banke nor Bankers (as I may call the Contributors) can conceive they suffer any losse by..lending to the poor freely: because what they even give..is lent in Usury to the Lord. 2002 J. M. Montias ii. xiv. 134 David Luls and Abraham Luls (who became leading mont-de-piété bankers in Amsterdam). 3. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > croupier, banker, or dealer 1706 S. Centlivre iii. 50 Mrs. Sago. I Mace Sir James's Card Double. Banker. Seven wins, and Five loses; you have lost it, Madam. 1798 May 88/2 When the cards are dealt, the banker places the stock before him. 1826 H. Smith Gaieties & Gravities in C. Gibbon (1877) I. 325/1 Each banker was provided with a rateau, or rake. 1850 H. G. Bohn et al. 328 Commerce..After determining the deal, the dealer, styled also the banker, shuffles the pack. 1884 30 Aug. 809/2 Each banker pays 1 per cent. and the punters 5s. each. 1913 Oct. 11/1 The noise of the marble as it revolved in the rapidly turning wheel, the calling of the numbers by the banker, and the clatter of gold louis and napoleons. 1976 Nov. 79/2 As in ‘Monopoly’ and other board games, we have a banker. Appoint yourself to this position. 2009 S. McNeely 18 In Blackjack, players typically take turns serving as banker/dealer for a predetermined period. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > games of chance played with cards > [noun] > others 1874 5 Sept. 7/1 He was swindled of 5l. by the prisoner Williams, at a game called ‘banker’. 1876 H. E. Heather 51 Blind Hookey—Banker. This game, more generally known by the former name than the latter, is very simple and purely chance. Any number may join in, and as a rule the stakes are unlimited, each player putting on whatever amount he chooses... The banker loses his deal when he has to pay on all the hands, i.e., his card being the lowest out. 1903 14 Mar. 7/5 He got £150 during the voyage home on the troopship by playing ‘banker’ and ‘the crown and anchor’. 1918 F. C. MacDonald iii. 43 One day four of us were having a game of banker and one chap..was nearly broke. 1933 H. R. Williams xviii. 239 We turned to a game of banker in underground quarters, at which I accomplished a minor miracle by winning ninety francs. 1972 R. Wilks tr. N. Gogol 6 Two of the officers were so passionately fond of playing banker that they gambled away their uniforms, peak caps, greatcoats, sword knots, even their underclothes. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > football pools > [noun] > type of result 1938 10 Apr. 13/4 A banker is now the team on which you bank for a certain win, leaving it as an unchanged result in your series of forecasts while you vary your estimates of other matches. 1947 30 Aug. 9/3 This is the method of entry for a 14-match pool, allowing for six permutated matches with eight bankers. In 12- and 13-match pools, the bankers required will be six and seven respectively. 1963 9 Jan. 20/6 He [sc. a racehorse] is likely to be a successful ‘banker’ for whichever race he contests. 1986 17 Apr. 56/5 There are many other ideas of choosing your banker selection but it must have a high success rate, otherwise the whole of your stakes are lost. 1989 T. Blacker xv. 196 The fourth—a divorcee, normally a banker on these occasions—actually offered me a bed in the spare room. 2012 (Nexis) 15 Mar. 108 In the Premier League, Manchester United are a banker at 4/11. Compounds Compounds with banker's or bankers'. society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > credit documents > credit card society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > credit card 1966 11 Mar. 17/1 The Lloyds bankers card will be available to any approved current account holder, enabling him to cash his own cheques for up to £30 at any of the participating offices. 1982 18 Apr. 32/6 About 10 percent of the customers use Bankers' Cards... If the lobby is full and the tellers are busy, they can walk up to the machine and do it themselves. 2012 (Nexis) 26 June 4 One woman..was panicking after losing her purse. Because of the fault she found it difficult to cancel her banker's cards. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > cheque 1764 25 Apr. 407/3 William How..stands charged on Oath with absconding Yesterday..and embezzling Sixty-four Pounds in Cash, and also two Bankers Drafts. 1885 2 May A banker's draft..amounting to $1,020. 2001 M. Blake xxxii. 367 Like I'd accept a cheque off you? I'd need a banker's draft at the very least. 1889 20 Sept. 7/3 There is another kind of a fakir... They live high..and keep bankers' hours at the expense of a confiding public. 1963 30 June f11/2 It is well-known that Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara doesn't keep bankers' hours at the Pentagon. 1989 E. Innes & L. Southwick-Trask ix. 174 Gentlemanly banker's hours were replaced by 7:00 a.m. meetings, as well as late night and weekend sessions. 2003 3 Mar. 63/3 A post at the U.N. was regarded as a cozy sinecure, with good pay, a diplomatic passport, and bankers' hours. 1837 E. B. Stephens II. vi. 122 I obtained a very seasonable supply from Señora Calle, an apothecary's wife, to whom I bore a banker's order. 1974 24 Oct. 287/2 (advt.) Are you willing to commit yourself to sign this Banker's Order and give just a small regular percentage of your salary to help projects like this throughout the world? 1988 19 Aug. 1192/1 The registration fee..will be payable to the Secretary, Public Service Commission of Kenya,..in either crossed Government cheque or banker's order. 2009 (Nexis) 25 Oct. She was able to persuade people to book an ad once a month for a year, and they'd pay by banker's order—so it meant we were financially secure for a year. society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects 1931 J. R. MacDonald in 26 Aug. 12/3 We are told that this is a bankers' ‘ramp’, or a conspiracy, or something of the kind, against a Labour Government. 1976 Ld. Robbins (1979) xx. 98 What I hope your Lordships will agree is a pure fallacy; namely, the suggestion that what has happened recently is all a pure conspiracy, a banker's ramp and so on. 1995 18 251 Bank of England officials participated to an unprecedented degree in Cabinet and inter-party deliberations, thereby inviting the charge of forcing a ‘Banker's Ramp’. 2011 (Nexis) 8 May 42 This continuing financial crisis is largely a consequence of all that fashionable deregulation that began in the 1980s. Yet the bankers are fighting re-regulation tooth and nail. Talk about a bankers' ramp. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank 1565 T. Cooper Argentariæ tabernæ, bankers shoppes. 1690 J. Dryden i. 5 What Bankers Shop is to be broken open to Night? 1752 D. Hume (1777) I. 371 It would be..imprudent to give a prodigal son a credit in every banker's shop in London. 1796 E. Burke i. 80 There were not..twelve Bankers shops at that time out of London. 1821 W. J. Broderip & P. Bingham 2 198 No holder of a bill, when he goes to the banker's shop, expects to find the acceptor behind the compter. 1860 J. Scarth xi. 114 He ducked and dived into a recess in front of a banker's shop. 1912 S. Washburn viii. 145 I came down the gang-plank and entered the banker's shop. Derivatives 1900 5 July 12/3 The sharp-nosed, spectacled, bankerish sort of a man. 1973 T. Crouse ii. x. 21 Warren, an innocuous, spindly, bankerish type, kept protesting that he couldn't say anything about the matter himself. 2010 (Nexis) 30 Sept. 4 He'd look better in a bolder striped shirt, nothing too ‘bankerish’, but something which emphasises his slim physique. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bankern.3Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bank n.1, -er suffix1; bank v.1, -er suffix1. Etymology: Probably partly < bank n.1 + -er suffix1, and partly < bank v.1 + -er suffix1. In quot. 1591 at sense 1 perhaps a variant of bawker n., and so showing a different word, although compare slightly later bank v.1 5a(a). With sense 2 compare bank v.1 1a. In sense 3 originally and chiefly with reference to the Grand Banks off Newfoundland (compare bank n.1 4a), which were fished by expeditions from Europe since at least the 16th cent. With reference to the ships (sense 3a) compare French banquier (1773 as bancquier , perhaps after English) and also French banqué , noun (1691), navire banqué (1701). With sense 3b compare earlier bank fisherman n. (a) at bank n.1 Compounds 2. 1591 R. Greene sig. Bv In Vincents Law. They which play booty, the Bankars. 1608 T. Dekker sig. F4 If these Bankers feare to haue the worst, and suspect the others play to be better than theirs, then haue they a tricke (in watering of the alley,) to give such moisture to the banck, that he who offers to stike a bowle..shall neuer hit it whilst he liues. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who makes embankments a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley (1653) iii. sig. E2v Here the restrained current might make breach, Spite of the watchfull bankers. 1757 L. Carter 4 Aug. (1965) I. 165 The bankers to go on raising the banks til evident this mud will harden. 1795 65 632 In the fen countries the labourers are denominated bankers. a1821 in 25 Aug. (1870) 4/6 The man replied ‘I am a banker, my lord.’ He was a man who repaired the banks of the dykes, so peculiar were the local callings. 1873 in 4th Ser. 12 275 Some ‘bankers’ who were engaged in widening a drain. 1902 C. G. Harper 206 The banks duly repaired by the ‘bankers’ and the ‘gaulters’. 1990 G. E. Mingay v. 139 The depredations of..vagrants, gypsies, itinerant ‘bankers’ or drainage workers. 3. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > fishing vessel > [noun] > used in Newfoundland fisheries 1654 No. 207. 3522 Three daies since, 7 or 8 Frigats of ours met with between 30 & 40 French Bankers, took only three, which are here and in Plymouth. 1710 No. 4712/3 A French Banker of fourteen Guns, laden with Fish, arrived there from Newfoundland. 1815 in J. Q. Adams (1822) 219 Those descriptions of vessels are not so valuable as the bankers, more particularly those that go from the District of Maine, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. 1880 Aug. 350/1 The long voyages of the bankers. 1960 Nov. 30 New vessels—craft of fifty tons or less, and less than half the size of latter-day bankers. 2003 J. Bannister vi. 196 They were working aboard a banker sailing in Trepassey Bay. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > sea-fisher > on bank 1861 Mar. 461/2 On the banks of Newfoundland..some of the old bankers predicted a gale. 1907 J. G. Millais vii. 154 The fishermen of all lands have to encounter the perils of the deep, but none have to face the risks that the ‘bankers’ do. 2006 B. M. Fagan xv. 239 The thousands of bankers, fishers, merchants, shipbuilders, and victuallers who were engaged in the cod trade. the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > types of river > [noun] > specific 1848 H. W. Haygarth 129 Now that I take a second glance at the river, its waters look very muddy, which is a sure sign of its being high, not to say a ‘banker’. 1890 III. 175 The Murrumbidgee was running a ‘banker’—water right up to the banks. 1950 25 The rain came down in sheets..and the river was a banker, with boulders rolling a yard or two from the tent. 1977 D. Whitington 40 The creek came down a banker, I tied the car to a tree, but it was submerged in the raging waters. 2014 (Nexis) 19 Feb. 5 The arrival of the rain coincided with king tides and the North and South Johnstone rivers running a banker. society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > to assist in climbing steep slopes 1852 F. S. Williams xi. 254 The ‘banker’ ran on for some distance a-head, and then, gradually slackening its speed, a ‘mutual attachment’ was effected in the most satisfactory manner. 1907 3 Dec. 7/2 A ‘banker’ engine had been fixed to the rear of the mineral train to help to take the load up a steep incline. After going some 300 yards the ‘banker’ was cast off. 2007 (Rio Tinto) Dec. 16/2 Today the Rio Tinto Railway requires just two towing locomotives, plus a rear end shove from several ‘bankers’. 1885 (at cited word) In following the hounds in Devonshire, you must ride a good banker. 2005 A. Holland 152/2 Istabraq and his constant companion Risk Of Thunder, the expert banker, are in the field behind the current house, close at hand to show guests. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bankern.4Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: bank n.2, -er suffix1. Etymology: Apparently < bank n.2 + -er suffix1. society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > masons' and bricklayers' tools > for cutting or dressing bricks society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench > for cutting stone 1700 10 A Banker, to cut the Bricks upon, which is a piece of Timber about six foot long..fixt..about three foot high from the Floor. 1763 (ed. 2) I. 254/2 Banker, in bricklaying, a piece of timber whereon they cut the bricks. The banker is six feet long, or more,..and nine or ten inches square. 1791 J. Smeaton §151 (note) A Banker in a mason's yard is a square stone of a suitable size, made use of as a work bench. 1797 III. 553/1 Their tools are..a banker, to cut the bricks on. 1837 N. Whittock et al. 76 A rubbing stone..is generally fixed upon a block of wood, or old shutter, forming a bench, technically called a banker. 1864 R. Westmacott 365 This iron frame is firmly fixed upon a turning bench, or banker, so that the model may be constantly moved without difficulty. 1888 T. W. Whitley in 11 Aug. 7/6 Each man as he finishes his work at the banker, places his mark upon the stone before it leaves the shed. 1998 J. Hill vii. 96 If you have already invested in a banker for stonecarving, this will provide an excellent bench for woodcarving. 2006 Dec. 30/1 Grandad came into the workshop about four o'clock and went over to Jim Pain's banker. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > material taken from quarry 1853 36 The landing places on the bay are called bankers, being banks built with a dead stone wall about three feet high, to receive the stone from carts and convey it more conveniently to boats. 1885 Jan. 244/1 The stone..has to be removed from the ‘bankers’ in carts. 1904 C. G. Harper ix. 89 The ‘bankers’—rows upon rows of stacked slabs of Purbeck stone that used to form so striking a feature of the shore. 2011 (Dorset Historic Towns Project) 34/1 (caption) The Parade, built on the site of the former stone ‘bankers’. Compounds society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > [noun] > a mason's sign 1860 J. T. Irvine 11 The present plinth has been built out of a prior one, as can plainly be seen on inspection: the mason's ‘banker marks’ remain on the stones. 1910 III. 319/2 Banker-marks are..to be found on all old buildings of consequence, ecclesiastical or otherwise. 2007 51 64 There are two basic types of mark: assembly marks..and the banker marks that seem to indicate authorship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.1?c1350 n.21484n.31591n.41700 |
