nebulan.

Brit.

/ˈnɛbjᵿlə/, U.S.

/ˈnɛbjələ/

Inflections: Plural nebulae

/ˈnɛbjᵿliː/, nebulas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nebula.

Etymology: < classical Latin nebula mist, fog, cloud (also in figurative use), in post-classical Latin also a cloudy suspension in a urine sample (5th cent.), a film on or over the eye (8th cent. in a British source) < the Indo-European base of ancient Greek νεϕέλη cloud, mist, Old High German nebul mist, fog, darkness (Middle High German nebel , German Nebel mist, fog), Old Icelandic njól night, and probably also nifl- (in the compound niflheimr the abode of the dead); Romance derivatives include Italian nebbia (a1292), Spanish niebla (a1250), Portuguese nevoa (13th cent.), all in sense ‘fog’. With sense 2 compare French nébuleuse in the same sense (1642). Compare earlier nebule n.¹The medical senses of post-classical Latin nebula are after corresponding uses of ancient Greek νεϕέλη in Hippocrates.

†a. Medicine. A cloudy area in a urine sample. Cf. nubecula n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > cloud or pigment

sublation?1537

sublimation1599

nebula1655

nubecula1699

uroerythrin1845

uroglaucin1846

urrhodin1846

1655 H. Hamand Ourography v. 62 Nebula, a little white cloud appearing in the upper Region of the urine, signifies flegmatick matter to be elevated by strong heat.

1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. I Nebula... It is also employed in the same sense as molecula, for a peculiar appearance or quality in the urine.

1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. vii. 113 When urine is left to itself for some time, slight nebulæ, consisting of mucus, are found in it, which gradually descend to the bottom.

b. Chiefly Medicine. Originally: †a film or membrane over the eye (obsolete). Later: †cloudiness of the cornea (obsolete); a circumscribed area of this, spec. one that is slight or poorly defined. Cf. nubecula n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > film or web

filmOE

rima1382

weba1398

mailc1440

pin and weba1450

nebula1661

weft1661

haze1820

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B5 The Raie hath a long and rough taile, the eye is covered with a nebula.

1719 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (1722) Nebula..is figuratively applied to Appearances..in the human Body, as to Films upon the Eyes.

1820 R. Hooper Lex. Med. (ed. 4) 587/1 Nebula, 1. A cloudy spot in the cornea of the eye.

1829 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) IV. 221 The nebula is often dependent on the irritation of hard fungous granulations on the inside of the eyeball.

1830 W. Lawrence Treat. Venereal Dis. Eye iv. 106 There is general nebula of the left cornea.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 229 Farm-horses..being liable to accidents, the effects of inflammation,—nebulæ, or specks,—do sometimes occur.

1895 H. R. Swanzy Handbk. Dis. Eye (ed. 5) 150 The opacity..is called a nebula.

1926 J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye (ed. 5) xi. 194 If it is thin, the resulting opacity is slight and is called a nebula.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 248/2 It [sc. photophobia] may be caused..by opacities of the central cornea (nebulae) or lens (cataracts).

1994 Brit. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 78 454 Contact lens intolerance in keratoconus may be due to the formation of a proud nebula at or near the apex of the cone.

†c. A cloudlike inclusion; a floccule. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [noun] > enclosure > enclosed liquid or gas

nebula1805

cryptoline1850

brewsterlinite1868

inclusion1869

1805 S. Weston Werneria I. 70 Quartz is distinguishable from glass by the nebulæ, or appearance of clouds in its transparency.

1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. vii. 184 When the temperature is sufficiently elevated, the coagulation begins to occur in the form of small white nebulæ.

2. Astronomy.

†a. A hazy sunspot; the indistinct rim around such a sunspot. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sun > solar activity > [noun] > mark on sun > sunspot

sun's spot1656

macula1673

nebula1676

sunspot1676

solar spot1704

1676 R. Hooke Descr. Helioscopes 8 Instruments for measuring the Maculæ, faculæ, and Nebulæ, visible in the body of the Sun.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 273 These mutable Spots [on the Sun] the Weather hindred me from seeing again till November the 22d. following; and then they were become only like a thin Smoak, or Nebula.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 273 These Umbræ, or Nebulæ, I could plainly perceive..to be sometimes very faint and thin, and sometimes much darker and thicker.

b. Originally: an indistinct cloud-like, luminous object seen in the night sky, such as a cluster of distant stars, a galaxy, or a cloud of gas or dust. Now (usually): spec. a mass of gas or dust within a galaxy, typically visible either as a luminous patch or as a dark silhouette against a brighter background. Cf. nubecula n. 1b.dumb-bell, emission, planetary, reflection, ring, spiral nebula: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > nebula > [noun]

nebula1718

nubecula1719

nebule1830

spiral1850

the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > nebula

nebulous star1675

nebula1718

nebulose1719

nebule1830

star cloud1839

the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun]

galaxy1698

universe1738

star system1833

island-universe1867

nebula1924

supergiant1974

1718 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 723 The slowness of its motion made us at that time conclude that it had none, and that it was rather a Nebula than a Comet.

1781 Gentleman's Mag. 51 526 This..nebula was discovered March 23, 1779.

1802 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 499 A stellar nebula..may be a real cluster of stars.

1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. i. ii. 31 Upon directing his telescope to nebulæ and clusters of stars.

1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man i. 8 The spectroscope has..shown that some nebulæ are actually gaseous.

1891 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 363 His primary object was to use it for nebula photography.

1924 H. Dingle Mod. Astrophysics xvi. 302 A dark nebula is really dark, and not merely too faint for its light to be seen on account of its great distance from us.

1930 R. H. Baker Astron. xi. 465 Modern investigations have shown that nebulae, as distinguished from ordinary star-clusters, fall into two classes having entirely different characteristics, namely, the galactic nebulae and the extra-galactic nebulae.

1971 D. W. Sciama Mod. Cosmol. iii. 39 In this way he [sc. E. P. Hubble] obtained a distance of 800,000 light-years for the Andromeda nebula, and similar values for other spiral nebulae. Now that these nebulae are well established as stellar systems outside our own, we shall henceforth call them galaxies.

1974 F. W. Cole Fund. Astron. xiii. 358/1 The Orion nebula is 1600 LY distant and about 30 LY in diameter.

1988 Harrowsmith Jan. 31/2 Because some nebulas are the birthplaces of stars and others are the still-luminous remnants of dead or dying suns, they offer us precious keyholes through which to view the probable origin and destiny of our own sun.

2001 Washington Post 30 July a7/1 The composition of the solar wind is a clue to the composition of the outer layers of the surface of the sun, which in turn is the composition of the solar nebula from which all the planets formed.

a. figurative and in extended use (chiefly from sense 2): something ill-defined or insubstantial; a hazy mass or cloud.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [noun] > confusion > confused or obscure piece of writing or discourse

obscurity1495

synchysis1577

skimble-skamble1619

fuzz1674

nebulaa1734

skew1890

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. iv. §147. 310 He, that could pass over the Items of the Grand Plot without Notice, will not amuse the Reader with these Nebulæ.

1817 J. Adams Wks. (1856) X. 245 Hutchinson and all his nebula of stars and satellites.

1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax I. xii. 253 The world of existence to him seemed to have melted lazily down into a mere nebula.

1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd i. ii. 23 They..took up the lantern, and went out, the light sinking down the hill till it was no more than a nebula.

1954 D. Hoffman Armada of Thirty Whales III. 41 Out of nowhere whirled the nebulae [sc. mayflies], gadding gilded, all green energy, toward death.

1960 O. Manning Great Fortune iv. 249 This nebula of a man, so long inert, was starting slowly to evolve.

1991 Amer. Bk. Rev. Apr. 17/2 A cloud of tobacco smoke and booze stench, a nebula punctuated at strategic moments with gunfire..and with semen.

†b. As a mass noun: fog, mist. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun]

misteOE

roke1292

vapourc1386

nyle1481

stove1513

fumec1550

rouka1586

misting1604

steam1612

dampa1616

petty-fog1641

smoke1648

brume1694

muga1728

ure1818

nebule1869

nebula1894

moist1903

M1904

clag1940

1894 W. C. Ley Cloudland 33 The spherules of water which constitute nebula vary greatly in diameter.

1894 W. C. Ley Cloudland 35 Nebula must not..be regarded as in all cases a very local phenomenon.

4. Pharmacology. A liquid intended for use in a nebulizer or atomizer; the spray produced by a nebulizer. Now rare or disused.

ΚΠ

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 196/2 Nebula,..2. A spray; a liquid intended for local application by means of the atomizer.

1904 W. Martindale & W. W. Westcott Extra Pharmacopœia (ed. 11) 364 Nebulae are aqueous, or of Liquid Paraffin, Almond Oil or Olive Oil.

1904 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 26 Mar. 583/1 The purpose of this short article is to draw the attention of the profession to the phenomena occurring when a nebula, as produced by one of the numerous nebulizers on the market, is passed around a vacuum electrode in action.

1926 Art of Dispensing (Chemist & Druggist) (ed. 10) 392 (heading) Nebulæ, or sprays.

1958 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopœia (ed. 24) Index 1653/2 Neb. (Nebula). See under Sprays.

Compounds

nebula hypothesis n. Astronomy = nebular hypothesis n. at nebular adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > theory > [noun] > system of astronomy > specific

Newtonianism1814

Ptolemaism?1832

nebular hypothesis1833

nebular theory1846

Copernicanism1858

nebulous theory1860

nebula hypothesis1892

Velikovskyism1972

Velikovskianism1978

1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 116 The central nucleus..demanded by Laplace's nebula hypothesis.

1989 J. Silk Big Bang (rev. ed.) xvi. 352 The nebula hypothesis of Immanuel Kant..and Pierre Simon de Laplace..forms the basis of most modern nebular theories of origin of the solar system.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nebula
释义	nebulan. Brit. /ˈnɛbjᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈnɛbjələ/ Inflections: Plural nebulae /ˈnɛbjᵿliː/, nebulas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nebula. Etymology: < classical Latin nebula mist, fog, cloud (also in figurative use), in post-classical Latin also a cloudy suspension in a urine sample (5th cent.), a film on or over the eye (8th cent. in a British source) < the Indo-European base of ancient Greek νεϕέλη cloud, mist, Old High German nebul mist, fog, darkness (Middle High German nebel , German Nebel mist, fog), Old Icelandic njól night, and probably also nifl- (in the compound niflheimr the abode of the dead); Romance derivatives include Italian nebbia (a1292), Spanish niebla (a1250), Portuguese nevoa (13th cent.), all in sense ‘fog’. With sense 2 compare French nébuleuse in the same sense (1642). Compare earlier nebule n.¹The medical senses of post-classical Latin nebula are after corresponding uses of ancient Greek νεϕέλη in Hippocrates. 1. †a. Medicine. A cloudy area in a urine sample. Cf. nubecula n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > cloud or pigment sublation?1537 sublimation1599 nebula1655 nubecula1699 uroerythrin1845 uroglaucin1846 urrhodin1846 1655 H. Hamand Ourography v. 62 Nebula, a little white cloud appearing in the upper Region of the urine, signifies flegmatick matter to be elevated by strong heat. 1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. I Nebula... It is also employed in the same sense as molecula, for a peculiar appearance or quality in the urine. 1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. vii. 113 When urine is left to itself for some time, slight nebulæ, consisting of mucus, are found in it, which gradually descend to the bottom. b. Chiefly Medicine. Originally: †a film or membrane over the eye (obsolete). Later: †cloudiness of the cornea (obsolete); a circumscribed area of this, spec. one that is slight or poorly defined. Cf. nubecula n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > film or web filmOE rima1382 weba1398 mailc1440 pin and weba1450 nebula1661 weft1661 haze1820 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B5 The Raie hath a long and rough taile, the eye is covered with a nebula. 1719 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (1722) Nebula..is figuratively applied to Appearances..in the human Body, as to Films upon the Eyes. 1820 R. Hooper Lex. Med. (ed. 4) 587/1 Nebula, 1. A cloudy spot in the cornea of the eye. 1829 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) IV. 221 The nebula is often dependent on the irritation of hard fungous granulations on the inside of the eyeball. 1830 W. Lawrence Treat. Venereal Dis. Eye iv. 106 There is general nebula of the left cornea. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 229 Farm-horses..being liable to accidents, the effects of inflammation,—nebulæ, or specks,—do sometimes occur. 1895 H. R. Swanzy Handbk. Dis. Eye (ed. 5) 150 The opacity..is called a nebula. 1926 J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye (ed. 5) xi. 194 If it is thin, the resulting opacity is slight and is called a nebula. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 248/2 It [sc. photophobia] may be caused..by opacities of the central cornea (nebulae) or lens (cataracts). 1994 Brit. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 78 454 Contact lens intolerance in keratoconus may be due to the formation of a proud nebula at or near the apex of the cone. †c. A cloudlike inclusion; a floccule. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [noun] > enclosure > enclosed liquid or gas nebula1805 cryptoline1850 brewsterlinite1868 inclusion1869 1805 S. Weston Werneria I. 70 Quartz is distinguishable from glass by the nebulæ, or appearance of clouds in its transparency. 1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. vii. 184 When the temperature is sufficiently elevated, the coagulation begins to occur in the form of small white nebulæ. 2. Astronomy. †a. A hazy sunspot; the indistinct rim around such a sunspot. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sun > solar activity > [noun] > mark on sun > sunspot sun's spot1656 macula1673 nebula1676 sunspot1676 solar spot1704 1676 R. Hooke Descr. Helioscopes 8 Instruments for measuring the Maculæ, faculæ, and Nebulæ, visible in the body of the Sun. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 273 These mutable Spots [on the Sun] the Weather hindred me from seeing again till November the 22d. following; and then they were become only like a thin Smoak, or Nebula. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 273 These Umbræ, or Nebulæ, I could plainly perceive..to be sometimes very faint and thin, and sometimes much darker and thicker. b. Originally: an indistinct cloud-like, luminous object seen in the night sky, such as a cluster of distant stars, a galaxy, or a cloud of gas or dust. Now (usually): spec. a mass of gas or dust within a galaxy, typically visible either as a luminous patch or as a dark silhouette against a brighter background. Cf. nubecula n. 1b.dumb-bell, emission, planetary, reflection, ring, spiral nebula: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > nebula > [noun] nebula1718 nubecula1719 nebule1830 spiral1850 the world > the universe > constellation > star-cluster > [noun] > nebula nebulous star1675 nebula1718 nebulose1719 nebule1830 star cloud1839 the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun] galaxy1698 universe1738 star system1833 island-universe1867 nebula1924 supergiant1974 1718 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 723 The slowness of its motion made us at that time conclude that it had none, and that it was rather a Nebula than a Comet. 1781 Gentleman's Mag. 51 526 This..nebula was discovered March 23, 1779. 1802 W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 499 A stellar nebula..may be a real cluster of stars. 1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. i. ii. 31 Upon directing his telescope to nebulæ and clusters of stars. 1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man i. 8 The spectroscope has..shown that some nebulæ are actually gaseous. 1891 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 363 His primary object was to use it for nebula photography. 1924 H. Dingle Mod. Astrophysics xvi. 302 A dark nebula is really dark, and not merely too faint for its light to be seen on account of its great distance from us. 1930 R. H. Baker Astron. xi. 465 Modern investigations have shown that nebulae, as distinguished from ordinary star-clusters, fall into two classes having entirely different characteristics, namely, the galactic nebulae and the extra-galactic nebulae. 1971 D. W. Sciama Mod. Cosmol. iii. 39 In this way he [sc. E. P. Hubble] obtained a distance of 800,000 light-years for the Andromeda nebula, and similar values for other spiral nebulae. Now that these nebulae are well established as stellar systems outside our own, we shall henceforth call them galaxies. 1974 F. W. Cole Fund. Astron. xiii. 358/1 The Orion nebula is 1600 LY distant and about 30 LY in diameter. 1988 Harrowsmith Jan. 31/2 Because some nebulas are the birthplaces of stars and others are the still-luminous remnants of dead or dying suns, they offer us precious keyholes through which to view the probable origin and destiny of our own sun. 2001 Washington Post 30 July a7/1 The composition of the solar wind is a clue to the composition of the outer layers of the surface of the sun, which in turn is the composition of the solar nebula from which all the planets formed. 3. a. figurative and in extended use (chiefly from sense 2): something ill-defined or insubstantial; a hazy mass or cloud. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [noun] > confusion > confused or obscure piece of writing or discourse obscurity1495 synchysis1577 skimble-skamble1619 fuzz1674 nebulaa1734 skew1890 a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. iv. §147. 310 He, that could pass over the Items of the Grand Plot without Notice, will not amuse the Reader with these Nebulæ. 1817 J. Adams Wks. (1856) X. 245 Hutchinson and all his nebula of stars and satellites. 1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax I. xii. 253 The world of existence to him seemed to have melted lazily down into a mere nebula. 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd i. ii. 23 They..took up the lantern, and went out, the light sinking down the hill till it was no more than a nebula. 1954 D. Hoffman Armada of Thirty Whales III. 41 Out of nowhere whirled the nebulae [sc. mayflies], gadding gilded, all green energy, toward death. 1960 O. Manning Great Fortune iv. 249 This nebula of a man, so long inert, was starting slowly to evolve. 1991 Amer. Bk. Rev. Apr. 17/2 A cloud of tobacco smoke and booze stench, a nebula punctuated at strategic moments with gunfire..and with semen. †b. As a mass noun: fog, mist. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] misteOE roke1292 vapourc1386 nyle1481 stove1513 fumec1550 rouka1586 misting1604 steam1612 dampa1616 petty-fog1641 smoke1648 brume1694 muga1728 ure1818 nebule1869 nebula1894 moist1903 M1904 clag1940 1894 W. C. Ley Cloudland 33 The spherules of water which constitute nebula vary greatly in diameter. 1894 W. C. Ley Cloudland 35 Nebula must not..be regarded as in all cases a very local phenomenon. 4. Pharmacology. A liquid intended for use in a nebulizer or atomizer; the spray produced by a nebulizer. Now rare or disused. ΚΠ 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 196/2 Nebula,..2. A spray; a liquid intended for local application by means of the atomizer. 1904 W. Martindale & W. W. Westcott Extra Pharmacopœia (ed. 11) 364 Nebulae are aqueous, or of Liquid Paraffin, Almond Oil or Olive Oil. 1904 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 26 Mar. 583/1 The purpose of this short article is to draw the attention of the profession to the phenomena occurring when a nebula, as produced by one of the numerous nebulizers on the market, is passed around a vacuum electrode in action. 1926 Art of Dispensing (Chemist & Druggist) (ed. 10) 392 (heading) Nebulæ, or sprays. 1958 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopœia (ed. 24) Index 1653/2 Neb. (Nebula). See under Sprays. Compounds nebula hypothesis n. Astronomy = nebular hypothesis n. at nebular adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > theory > [noun] > system of astronomy > specific Newtonianism1814 Ptolemaism?1832 nebular hypothesis1833 nebular theory1846 Copernicanism1858 nebulous theory1860 nebula hypothesis1892 Velikovskyism1972 Velikovskianism1978 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 116 The central nucleus..demanded by Laplace's nebula hypothesis. 1989 J. Silk Big Bang (rev. ed.) xvi. 352 The nebula hypothesis of Immanuel Kant..and Pierre Simon de Laplace..forms the basis of most modern nebular theories of origin of the solar system. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1655
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