† retchn.¹

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: reach n.¹; reach v.¹

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific use of reach n.¹ (compare forms at that entry), or perhaps directly < reach v.¹ (compare forms at that entry).

Obsolete.

A bent piece of iron fastening the sheath (sheath n.²) of a plough to the beam.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > part fastening sheath to beam

retch1733

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxi. 140 Z is the double Retch, which holds up the Sheat.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Sheat The sheat..fastened to the beam by a retch (a piece of iron with two legs).

1791 J. Townsend Journey Spain III. 310 The retch is divided to serve the purpose of a mortice, and receive the handle.

1816 Encycl. Perthensis (ed. 2) III. 407/1 Below that there are two other small ones, through which the heads of the retches pass.

1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) i. i. iv. 119 As in this plough the share, from the point to its insertion in the beam, is two feet six inches long, it is strengthened by a retch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

retchn.²

Brit.

/rɛtʃ/, U.S.

/rɛtʃ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: retch v.²

Etymology: < retch v.² Compare earlier reach n.², and discussion at retch v.²

An act of retching (in various senses); esp. an involuntary effort to vomit.In quot. 1768 literally ‘straining’; cf. reach n.², reach v.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > retching

bolking1398

yoking1527

heavea1571

strain1590

reaching1601

straining1613

kecking1709

reach1736

retch1768

retching1771

vomiturition1842

1768 C. S. Poems 67 From the gripe of a purge, and the retch of a vomit, May we be delivered.

1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville 233 The morning found him..suffering the penalties of past pleasures, and calling to mind the captain's dulcet compound, with many a retch and spasm.

1856 G. H. Derby Phoenixiana 234 ‘Yes,’ replied the wretched Mary Ann, as she gave a fearful retch to starboard.

1908 Med. Times Jan. 11/1 There is the poor trachea..its wretched debris coughed out in disgust with many a retch and gasp and strangle.

1995 H. Dunmore Spell of Winter (1996) xiv. 169 He was coming round, his mouth squaring into a retch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† retchv.¹

Forms: 1500s retche.

Origin: Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rech v.; English retch , reach v.¹

Etymology: Perhaps a later reflex of rech v. (compare rech v. 2, although this is otherwise only attested much earlier), unless an independently developed specific use of retch, variant of reach v.¹ (although the semantic correspondence is not so close).

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To guide, lead. Cf. rech v. 2.

ΚΠ

1530 G. Joye tr. M. Bucer Psalter of Dauid f. 34.^v He made me to feade in a full plentuous batle grownde: & dyd dryve and retche me at layser by the swete ryvers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

retchv.²

Brit.

/rɛtʃ/, U.S.

/rɛtʃ/

Forms: 1500s retche, 1500s– retch, 1800s– rech (English regional (Oxfordshire)).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: reach v.²

Etymology: Variant of reach v.²The allocation of forms to the present entry is on the basis of the written form. In modern use the written form retch normally corresponds to a pronunciation with a short vowel. However, the correspondence was less regular in earlier use. N.E.D. (1908) gives (rītʃ) /riːtʃ/ as an alternative pronunciation corresponding to the spelling retch . Compare also the short-vowel form ratch with different stem vowel at reach v.²

a. intransitive. To attempt to clear the throat or lungs; to hawk, spit, cough. Also: to expel matter from the throat or lungs by doing this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough > to clear throat

reacheOE

roughOE

yeska1522

retch1534

hawk1582

hough1600

scraw1656

clear1881

hoick1926

1534 J. Fewterer tr. U. Pinder Myrrour Christes Passion ii. xvii. f. lxxx Not only they dyd spyt in his face but also they coght and retched & so cast ye foule stynkyng flegme into his fayre face.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Excreatio Excreationes faciles facit in cibo sumptum sinapi. Plinius. Maketh men spitte and retche vp easely.

1761 T. Arnold Bailey's Compl. Eng. Dict. (German ed.) II. 339/2 Reuspern, (sich), to hauk, to retch in Spitting, to keck, spit and spawl.

1834 London Med. Gaz. 13 704/1 The child..had a recurrence of its ‘wheezing’,..coming in fits, and occasionally followed by a disposition to retch, which dislodged from the trachea a portion of phlegm.

1885 Brit. Jrnl. Dental Sci. 28 1042 She could only articulate in a hoarse whisper, and was constantly retching, and hawking up quantities of frothy fluid tinged with blood.

1910 H. G. Wells New Machiavelli (ed. 3) ii. i. 183 I woke up..to discover him bent over a splendid spittoon, cursing incoherently, retching a little, and spitting out the end of his cigar.

2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 8 Nov. 24 The father has a chronic bronchial condition that obliges him to retch and hawk with a rhythmic regularity.

b. transitive. To expel (blood, phlegm, etc.) from the throat or lungs by hawking, coughing, or spitting. rare in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of slavering > slaver [verb (transitive)] > spit > expel in spittle

retch1538

spit1608

gob1933

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > cause excretion of [verb (transitive)] > expel phlegm

expectorate1597

retch1884

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Screabile, that whiche may be spette or retched out of the lunges or stomake.

1610 S. H. tr. Hippocrates Whole Aphorismes v. 85 Those which cough forth frothy bloud, do retch and drawe the same out of the lungs.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. at Excreate To retch, or spit out.

1884 E. Smith Pract. Treat. Dis. in Children xiii. 522 The child had a violent attack of spasmodic cough, retching up much phlegm.

1911 S. Chalmers Prince of Romance ii. 21 The Maclarty blew and snorted and retched the salt water from his stomach and lungs.

a. transitive. To expel from the stomach or oesophagus by vomiting. Frequently with up and out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit

spew971

aspewc1200

to gulch out?c1225

casta1300

vomea1382

brake1393

evacuec1400

to cast outa1425

deliver?a1425

voida1425

evomec1450

evomit?a1475

disgorge1477

to cast up1483

degorge1493

vomish1536

retch1538

parbreak1540

reject1540

vomit1541

evacuate1542

revomit1545

belch1558

vomit1560

to lay up1570

upvomit1582

to fetch up1599

puke1601

respew1606

inbelch1610

spew1610

to throw up1614

exgurgitate1623

out-spew1647

egurgitate1656

to throw off1660

to bring up1719

pick1828

sick1924

yark1927

barf1960

to park the tiger1970

vom1991

1538 [see sense 1b].

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Retch (v.t. from the Sax. hrwcan), to force up from the stomach.

1854 W. W. Hall Bronchitis & Kindred Dis. (ed. 8) 262 Food is sometimes retched up or spit up.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Oct. 2/2 Some not able to carry their load of beer further than the gutter into which they retch the foul-smelling, poisonous liquid.

1911 tr. A. Pick & A. Hecht Clin. Symptomatology 278 Diseases of the esophagus in which..the food is..retched up from the esophagus before it has reached the stomach.

1914 W. Douglas Newton War 131 My God. I never smelt anything so horrible. Made me retch my heart up.

1962 S. Raven Close of Play III. xv. 190 He led off across the field, Hugo stumbling at his side and retching out little bursts of vomit.

1987 B. A. Powe Ice Eaters ii. xii. 157 She knelt at the toilet..while she retched driblets of green bile.

b. intransitive. To make an involuntary effort to vomit; to strain while making the sound or action of vomiting but without expelling anything from the stomach or oesophagus. Also occasionally: to expel matter by vomiting; to throw up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > retch

bolk1495

retch1538

reach1575

heave1601

keck1601

to cast the gorge1614

keckle1619

yesk1664

strain1678

gag?1706

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Screator, he that retcheth or spitteth.

1708 Philos. Trans. 1706–07 (Royal Soc.) 25 2206 They perceive a kind of Convulsion in their Head, and vomit or retch four or five times.

1760 tr. S. A. D. Tissot Ess. Bilious Fevers 48 Some time after the second draught, there was an inclination to retch, which was followed by vomiting.

1850 P. Crook War of Hats 37 It made me almost retch To hear the tedious dullard prate and preach.

1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xi. 172 A fellow..who was intermittingly prostrated by fever and ague, and lying..on the ground, retching for twelve hours out of the twenty-four.

1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals xi. 260 The tendency to retch from a fetid odour is immediately strengthened in a curious manner by some degree of habit.

1920 I. S. Cobb From Place to Place vi. 284 The man with the gripes who retched was still retching as he heaved himself up over the parapet.

1976 C. Cussler Raise Titanic! (1977) i. ii. 19 A spasm of nausea rushed over him and he retched uncontrollably.

2000 P. Pullman Amber Spyglass (2001) xiii. 171 The first thing Will did was to hold his stomach and retch, heaving and heaving with a mortal horror.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1733

n.²1768

v.¹1530

v.²1534

单词	retch
释义	† retchn.¹ Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: reach n.¹; reach v.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific use of reach n.¹ (compare forms at that entry), or perhaps directly < reach v.¹ (compare forms at that entry). Obsolete. A bent piece of iron fastening the sheath (sheath n.²) of a plough to the beam. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > part fastening sheath to beam retch1733 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxi. 140 Z is the double Retch, which holds up the Sheat. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Sheat The sheat..fastened to the beam by a retch (a piece of iron with two legs). 1791 J. Townsend Journey Spain III. 310 The retch is divided to serve the purpose of a mortice, and receive the handle. 1816 Encycl. Perthensis (ed. 2) III. 407/1 Below that there are two other small ones, through which the heads of the retches pass. 1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) i. i. iv. 119 As in this plough the share, from the point to its insertion in the beam, is two feet six inches long, it is strengthened by a retch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2020). retchn.² Brit. /rɛtʃ/, U.S. /rɛtʃ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: retch v.² Etymology: < retch v.² Compare earlier reach n.², and discussion at retch v.² An act of retching (in various senses); esp. an involuntary effort to vomit.In quot. 1768 literally ‘straining’; cf. reach n.², reach v.² 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > retching bolking1398 yoking1527 heavea1571 strain1590 reaching1601 straining1613 kecking1709 reach1736 retch1768 retching1771 vomiturition1842 1768 C. S. Poems 67 From the gripe of a purge, and the retch of a vomit, May we be delivered. 1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville 233 The morning found him..suffering the penalties of past pleasures, and calling to mind the captain's dulcet compound, with many a retch and spasm. 1856 G. H. Derby Phoenixiana 234 ‘Yes,’ replied the wretched Mary Ann, as she gave a fearful retch to starboard. 1908 Med. Times Jan. 11/1 There is the poor trachea..its wretched debris coughed out in disgust with many a retch and gasp and strangle. 1995 H. Dunmore Spell of Winter (1996) xiv. 169 He was coming round, his mouth squaring into a retch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † retchv.¹ Forms: 1500s retche. Origin: Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rech v.; English retch , reach v.¹ Etymology: Perhaps a later reflex of rech v. (compare rech v. 2, although this is otherwise only attested much earlier), unless an independently developed specific use of retch, variant of reach v.¹ (although the semantic correspondence is not so close). Obsolete. rare. transitive. To guide, lead. Cf. rech v. 2. ΚΠ 1530 G. Joye tr. M. Bucer Psalter of Dauid f. 34.^v He made me to feade in a full plentuous batle grownde: & dyd dryve and retche me at layser by the swete ryvers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). retchv.² Brit. /rɛtʃ/, U.S. /rɛtʃ/ Forms: 1500s retche, 1500s– retch, 1800s– rech (English regional (Oxfordshire)). Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: reach v.² Etymology: Variant of reach v.²The allocation of forms to the present entry is on the basis of the written form. In modern use the written form retch normally corresponds to a pronunciation with a short vowel. However, the correspondence was less regular in earlier use. N.E.D. (1908) gives (rītʃ) /riːtʃ/ as an alternative pronunciation corresponding to the spelling retch . Compare also the short-vowel form ratch with different stem vowel at reach v.² 1. a. intransitive. To attempt to clear the throat or lungs; to hawk, spit, cough. Also: to expel matter from the throat or lungs by doing this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough > to clear throat reacheOE roughOE yeska1522 retch1534 hawk1582 hough1600 scraw1656 clear1881 hoick1926 1534 J. Fewterer tr. U. Pinder Myrrour Christes Passion ii. xvii. f. lxxx Not only they dyd spyt in his face but also they coght and retched & so cast ye foule stynkyng flegme into his fayre face. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Excreatio Excreationes faciles facit in cibo sumptum sinapi. Plinius. Maketh men spitte and retche vp easely. 1761 T. Arnold Bailey's Compl. Eng. Dict. (German ed.) II. 339/2 Reuspern, (sich), to hauk, to retch in Spitting, to keck, spit and spawl. 1834 London Med. Gaz. 13 704/1 The child..had a recurrence of its ‘wheezing’,..coming in fits, and occasionally followed by a disposition to retch, which dislodged from the trachea a portion of phlegm. 1885 Brit. Jrnl. Dental Sci. 28 1042 She could only articulate in a hoarse whisper, and was constantly retching, and hawking up quantities of frothy fluid tinged with blood. 1910 H. G. Wells New Machiavelli (ed. 3) ii. i. 183 I woke up..to discover him bent over a splendid spittoon, cursing incoherently, retching a little, and spitting out the end of his cigar. 2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 8 Nov. 24 The father has a chronic bronchial condition that obliges him to retch and hawk with a rhythmic regularity. b. transitive. To expel (blood, phlegm, etc.) from the throat or lungs by hawking, coughing, or spitting. rare in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of slavering > slaver [verb (transitive)] > spit > expel in spittle retch1538 spit1608 gob1933 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > cause excretion of [verb (transitive)] > expel phlegm expectorate1597 retch1884 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Screabile, that whiche may be spette or retched out of the lunges or stomake. 1610 S. H. tr. Hippocrates Whole Aphorismes v. 85 Those which cough forth frothy bloud, do retch and drawe the same out of the lungs. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. at Excreate To retch, or spit out. 1884 E. Smith Pract. Treat. Dis. in Children xiii. 522 The child had a violent attack of spasmodic cough, retching up much phlegm. 1911 S. Chalmers Prince of Romance ii. 21 The Maclarty blew and snorted and retched the salt water from his stomach and lungs. 2. a. transitive. To expel from the stomach or oesophagus by vomiting. Frequently with up and out. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (transitive)] > vomit spew971 aspewc1200 to gulch out?c1225 casta1300 vomea1382 brake1393 evacuec1400 to cast outa1425 deliver?a1425 voida1425 evomec1450 evomit?a1475 disgorge1477 to cast up1483 degorge1493 vomish1536 retch1538 parbreak1540 reject1540 vomit1541 evacuate1542 revomit1545 belch1558 vomit1560 to lay up1570 upvomit1582 to fetch up1599 puke1601 respew1606 inbelch1610 spew1610 to throw up1614 exgurgitate1623 out-spew1647 egurgitate1656 to throw off1660 to bring up1719 pick1828 sick1924 yark1927 barf1960 to park the tiger1970 vom1991 1538 [see sense 1b]. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Retch (v.t. from the Sax. hrwcan), to force up from the stomach. 1854 W. W. Hall Bronchitis & Kindred Dis. (ed. 8) 262 Food is sometimes retched up or spit up. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Oct. 2/2 Some not able to carry their load of beer further than the gutter into which they retch the foul-smelling, poisonous liquid. 1911 tr. A. Pick & A. Hecht Clin. Symptomatology 278 Diseases of the esophagus in which..the food is..retched up from the esophagus before it has reached the stomach. 1914 W. Douglas Newton War 131 My God. I never smelt anything so horrible. Made me retch my heart up. 1962 S. Raven Close of Play III. xv. 190 He led off across the field, Hugo stumbling at his side and retching out little bursts of vomit. 1987 B. A. Powe Ice Eaters ii. xii. 157 She knelt at the toilet..while she retched driblets of green bile. b. intransitive. To make an involuntary effort to vomit; to strain while making the sound or action of vomiting but without expelling anything from the stomach or oesophagus. Also occasionally: to expel matter by vomiting; to throw up. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > retch bolk1495 retch1538 reach1575 heave1601 keck1601 to cast the gorge1614 keckle1619 yesk1664 strain1678 gag?1706 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Screator, he that retcheth or spitteth. 1708 Philos. Trans. 1706–07 (Royal Soc.) 25 2206 They perceive a kind of Convulsion in their Head, and vomit or retch four or five times. 1760 tr. S. A. D. Tissot Ess. Bilious Fevers 48 Some time after the second draught, there was an inclination to retch, which was followed by vomiting. 1850 P. Crook War of Hats 37 It made me almost retch To hear the tedious dullard prate and preach. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xi. 172 A fellow..who was intermittingly prostrated by fever and ague, and lying..on the ground, retching for twelve hours out of the twenty-four. 1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals xi. 260 The tendency to retch from a fetid odour is immediately strengthened in a curious manner by some degree of habit. 1920 I. S. Cobb From Place to Place vi. 284 The man with the gripes who retched was still retching as he heaved himself up over the parapet. 1976 C. Cussler Raise Titanic! (1977) i. ii. 19 A spasm of nausea rushed over him and he retched uncontrollably. 2000 P. Pullman Amber Spyglass (2001) xiii. 171 The first thing Will did was to hold his stomach and retch, heaving and heaving with a mortal horror. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1733n.²1768v.¹1530v.²1534
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† retchn.1

retchn.2

† retchv.1

retchv.2

† retchn.¹

retchn.²

† retchv.¹

retchv.²