reten.

Brit.

/ˈriːti/, U.S.

/ˈridi/

Inflections: Plural retia Brit.

/ˈriːtɪə/,

/ˈriːʃɪə/, U.S.

/ˈridiə/.

Forms: Middle English reet, Middle English reeþ, Middle English ret, Middle English reth, Middle English riet, Middle English rieth, Middle English riȝt, Middle English rothe, Middle English ryat, Middle English ryet, Middle English–1500s rethe, 1500s reete, 1500s– rete.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rēte.

Etymology: < classical Latin rēte net, in post-classical Latin also system of blood vessels, esp. in the brain (from 12th cent. in British sources), metal plate fitted to an astrolabe (13th cent. in a British source), of unknown origin. With sense 2a compare earlier rete mirabile n. With sense 2 compare also Anglo-Norman reie reticular membrane (14th cent.), specific use of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French rei net (12th cent.; < classical Latin rēte).

a. A rotating openwork metal plate fitted to an astrolabe or similar instrument to indicate the positions of the principal fixed stars. Cf. plate n. 11.In quot. c1392: (probably) the openwork epicycle portion of such an instrument (see epicycle n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > [noun] > astrolabe > rete

retec1392

c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 38 The centre of hir..epicicle..moeuyth equaly aboute the centre of the zodiac, þt is to sein, aboute the pol of the epicicle, þt is thy riet.

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Brussels) (1940) i. §3. f. 76 The moder of thyn astrelabie..receyueth..thy Ryet [v.rr. rieth, ryat, reet, rethe] schapen in maner of a nett.

1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel sig. ¶¶ii^v Of the dispositions of the mater, reete, & limb for the 2. distinction of the lewel.

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vi. Introd. 284^v And though there be cut out in the Rete but 30. Almicanteraths.

1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 106 Place the horizon of the rete to the altitude of the pole for that place.

1685 J. Twysden Use Analemma To Rdr. sig. A2^v I would not be thought to speak this in the least manner to lessen the Honour of Mr. Blagrave in his most excellent invention of applying a Rete to the Mater of Gemm-Friseus his Astrolabe.

1744 W. Mountaine Atkinson's Epitome Art Navigation (rev. ed.) 241 All the Lines and Circles that are, or shall hereafter be described, as a fixed Rete, close investing the Earth, whilst she turns round within it.

1859 Proc. Soc. Antiquaries London 1856–9 4 158 The front of the instrument has the usual circles of degrees, and a rete or net with the zodiac and indications for twenty fixed stars.

1905 Sci. Amer. 12 Aug. 120/3 Above the planisphere lies the neatly cut out and decorated ‘rete’ carrying upon its circular interior the constellations of the ecliptic.

1957 Encycl. Brit. II. 575/1 Rotate the rete until the sun's position coincides with a circle on the plate corresponding to the observed altitude.

1994 J. North Fontana Hist. Astron. & Cosmol. iv. 126 (caption) The rete..includes the ecliptic and stars, while the plate..shows the horizon, and lines of constant altitude and azimuth.

†b. A graduated scale fixed to an astronomical telescope. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > telescope > part of

rete1665

field lens1817

hour-circle1837

seeker1892

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 237 These [telescopes] should be fitted with a Rete, or divided Scale, plac'd at such a distance within the Eye-glass, that they may be distinctly seen, which should be the measure of minutes and seconds.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 227 To which Instrument he [sc. Sir Christopher Wren] has added many sorts of Rete's, Screws, and Apertures.

2. Anatomy and Zoology.

a. A network or plexus of vessels, nerves, tubules, fibres, or strands of tissue; spec. = rete mirabile n.Frequently with distinguishing English or Latin word: see rete mirabile n., and rete mucosum n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > air bladder or parts of

sound1323

swimmer1579

wind-bladder1594

rete1615

swim1638

air bladder1675

swimming-bladder1713

air duct1744

red body1785

swim-bladder1837

fish-maw1840

fish-sound1879

maw1883

red gland1896

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια ii. 97 From the wandring and implicated passages of his vessels, which may be likened to a fishers net..it [sc. the omentum] is called rete or reticulum, for that sayth Archangelus, as a net intangleth the fishes, so in this Membrane the Fatty vapours are intercepted and stayed.

1698 W. Cowper Anat. Humane Bodies Table 23 sig. M^v The External Coat of an Artery consisting of a Rete of small Nerves..Blood-Vessels..and Membranous Expansions.

1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova I. viii. 49 The Omentum, Epiploon, Rete or Reticulum (for by all these Names it is variously call'd by Authors) is a membranous thin Part, connected at its upper Extremity chiefly to the bottom of the Stomach.

1714 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis p. iv Besides these, the Skin is furnisht with a Rete of other Vessels, (viz.) Arteries, Veins, Nerves, and Lymphatic Vessels.

1724 W. Cowper Myotomia Reformata lxxviii. 54 Its fleshy Fibres, like Lines drawn from a Circumference towards a Center, pass to its middle part, where its tendinous Fibres intercussate each other, and exhibit a Rete.

1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 449/1 The blood-vessels..form a rete around the bulbiform cæca.

1875 E. L. Sturtevant & J. N. Sturtevant Dairy Cow 207 These acini are surrounded by a network of capillaries, which form a rete or net on their surface.

1962 K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. viii. 254 In the eel..over 100,000 arterioles and a slightly smaller number of venules give the rete a total surface of over 2 square meters where blood vessels are opposed to one another.

1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 39/3 The tiny vessels intermingle to form slabs of vascular tissue, the retia.

1999 Guardian 27 May i. 20/8 The external carotid artery..passes through the sinus, dividing into hundreds of small arteries (the carotid rete) which rejoin before passing into the brain.

2006 Science 28 Apr. 599/2 This hypothesis is supported by..studies suggesting that the ovarian rete (the region containing tubules connecting mesonephros and ovary) produces a diffusible meiosis-inducing substance.

b. = rete mucosum n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers

epiderma1582

outskin1583

cutis1605

cuticle1615

scarf-skin1615

cuticula1621

epidermis1626

flesh side1630

derma1706

scarfy skin1744

rete mucosum1754

hypoderma1826

chorion1828

dermis1830

corium1835

derm1835

epiderm1835

flesh1839

rete1842

grain1851

hypoderm1855

stratum corneum1857

grain-side1858

1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 88 Those parts of the rete which..correspond with the furrows on the surface of the cutis.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 865 The female..penetrates the horny layer of the skin and then wriggles through the rete.

1968 H. O. Mackey & J. P. Mackey Handbk. Dis. Skin (ed. 9) xxxvii. 380 The rete is thickened and there are œdema, dyskeratosis, and vacuolization of the cells.

1994 New Scientist 9 July 85/1 Fingerprints are the visible parts of rete ridges, where the epidermis of the skin dips down into the dermis.

c. = rete testis n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > ducts > [noun] > seminal or spermatic ducts

seed bringer1545

vas deferens1578

seed trough1615

seed vein1615

spermatic1690

seminal1733

rete testis1777

rete1849

parepididymis1881

spermaduct1891

1849 T. B. Curling in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 977/2 The canals of the rete.

1914 S. Sisson Anat. Domest. Animals (ed. 2) 586 The efferent ducts from the rete, a dozen in number, leave at the upper end of the mediastinum.

2009 S. A. Meyers in J. C. Samper Equine Breeding Managem. & Artific. Insemination (ed. 2) v. 47/2 Both ends of each seminiferous tubule empty into the rete.

†3. Entomology. The fat body of an insect. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > larva > parts of > fatty tissue

rete1841

1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xv. 296 The whole body of the larva is filled with a peculiar fatty tissue..called by entomologists the rete, epiploon, or fat-mass.

1885 Jrnl. Microsc. & Nat. Sci. 4 170 The fatty rete of this larva generally presents a number of oil-globules of very various sizes scattered through a homogenous ground-substance.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rete
释义	reten. Brit. /ˈriːti/, U.S. /ˈridi/ Inflections: Plural retia Brit. /ˈriːtɪə/, /ˈriːʃɪə/, U.S. /ˈridiə/. Forms: Middle English reet, Middle English reeþ, Middle English ret, Middle English reth, Middle English riet, Middle English rieth, Middle English riȝt, Middle English rothe, Middle English ryat, Middle English ryet, Middle English–1500s rethe, 1500s reete, 1500s– rete. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rēte. Etymology: < classical Latin rēte net, in post-classical Latin also system of blood vessels, esp. in the brain (from 12th cent. in British sources), metal plate fitted to an astrolabe (13th cent. in a British source), of unknown origin. With sense 2a compare earlier rete mirabile n. With sense 2 compare also Anglo-Norman reie reticular membrane (14th cent.), specific use of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French rei net (12th cent.; < classical Latin rēte). 1. a. A rotating openwork metal plate fitted to an astrolabe or similar instrument to indicate the positions of the principal fixed stars. Cf. plate n. 11.In quot. c1392: (probably) the openwork epicycle portion of such an instrument (see epicycle n. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > [noun] > astrolabe > rete retec1392 c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 38 The centre of hir..epicicle..moeuyth equaly aboute the centre of the zodiac, þt is to sein, aboute the pol of the epicicle, þt is thy riet. c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Brussels) (1940) i. §3. f. 76 The moder of thyn astrelabie..receyueth..thy Ryet [v.rr. rieth, ryat, reet, rethe] schapen in maner of a nett. 1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel sig. ¶¶ii^v Of the dispositions of the mater, reete, & limb for the 2. distinction of the lewel. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vi. Introd. 284^v And though there be cut out in the Rete but 30. Almicanteraths. 1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 106 Place the horizon of the rete to the altitude of the pole for that place. 1685 J. Twysden Use Analemma To Rdr. sig. A2^v I would not be thought to speak this in the least manner to lessen the Honour of Mr. Blagrave in his most excellent invention of applying a Rete to the Mater of Gemm-Friseus his Astrolabe. 1744 W. Mountaine Atkinson's Epitome Art Navigation (rev. ed.) 241 All the Lines and Circles that are, or shall hereafter be described, as a fixed Rete, close investing the Earth, whilst she turns round within it. 1859 Proc. Soc. Antiquaries London 1856–9 4 158 The front of the instrument has the usual circles of degrees, and a rete or net with the zodiac and indications for twenty fixed stars. 1905 Sci. Amer. 12 Aug. 120/3 Above the planisphere lies the neatly cut out and decorated ‘rete’ carrying upon its circular interior the constellations of the ecliptic. 1957 Encycl. Brit. II. 575/1 Rotate the rete until the sun's position coincides with a circle on the plate corresponding to the observed altitude. 1994 J. North Fontana Hist. Astron. & Cosmol. iv. 126 (caption) The rete..includes the ecliptic and stars, while the plate..shows the horizon, and lines of constant altitude and azimuth. †b. A graduated scale fixed to an astronomical telescope. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > observational instruments > [noun] > telescope > part of rete1665 field lens1817 hour-circle1837 seeker1892 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 237 These [telescopes] should be fitted with a Rete, or divided Scale, plac'd at such a distance within the Eye-glass, that they may be distinctly seen, which should be the measure of minutes and seconds. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 227 To which Instrument he [sc. Sir Christopher Wren] has added many sorts of Rete's, Screws, and Apertures. 2. Anatomy and Zoology. a. A network or plexus of vessels, nerves, tubules, fibres, or strands of tissue; spec. = rete mirabile n.Frequently with distinguishing English or Latin word: see rete mirabile n., and rete mucosum n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > air bladder or parts of sound1323 swimmer1579 wind-bladder1594 rete1615 swim1638 air bladder1675 swimming-bladder1713 air duct1744 red body1785 swim-bladder1837 fish-maw1840 fish-sound1879 maw1883 red gland1896 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια ii. 97 From the wandring and implicated passages of his vessels, which may be likened to a fishers net..it [sc. the omentum] is called rete or reticulum, for that sayth Archangelus, as a net intangleth the fishes, so in this Membrane the Fatty vapours are intercepted and stayed. 1698 W. Cowper Anat. Humane Bodies Table 23 sig. M^v The External Coat of an Artery consisting of a Rete of small Nerves..Blood-Vessels..and Membranous Expansions. 1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova I. viii. 49 The Omentum, Epiploon, Rete or Reticulum (for by all these Names it is variously call'd by Authors) is a membranous thin Part, connected at its upper Extremity chiefly to the bottom of the Stomach. 1714 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis p. iv Besides these, the Skin is furnisht with a Rete of other Vessels, (viz.) Arteries, Veins, Nerves, and Lymphatic Vessels. 1724 W. Cowper Myotomia Reformata lxxviii. 54 Its fleshy Fibres, like Lines drawn from a Circumference towards a Center, pass to its middle part, where its tendinous Fibres intercussate each other, and exhibit a Rete. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 449/1 The blood-vessels..form a rete around the bulbiform cæca. 1875 E. L. Sturtevant & J. N. Sturtevant Dairy Cow 207 These acini are surrounded by a network of capillaries, which form a rete or net on their surface. 1962 K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. viii. 254 In the eel..over 100,000 arterioles and a slightly smaller number of venules give the rete a total surface of over 2 square meters where blood vessels are opposed to one another. 1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 39/3 The tiny vessels intermingle to form slabs of vascular tissue, the retia. 1999 Guardian 27 May i. 20/8 The external carotid artery..passes through the sinus, dividing into hundreds of small arteries (the carotid rete) which rejoin before passing into the brain. 2006 Science 28 Apr. 599/2 This hypothesis is supported by..studies suggesting that the ovarian rete (the region containing tubules connecting mesonephros and ovary) produces a diffusible meiosis-inducing substance. b. = rete mucosum n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [noun] > specific layers epiderma1582 outskin1583 cutis1605 cuticle1615 scarf-skin1615 cuticula1621 epidermis1626 flesh side1630 derma1706 scarfy skin1744 rete mucosum1754 hypoderma1826 chorion1828 dermis1830 corium1835 derm1835 epiderm1835 flesh1839 rete1842 grain1851 hypoderm1855 stratum corneum1857 grain-side1858 1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 88 Those parts of the rete which..correspond with the furrows on the surface of the cutis. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 865 The female..penetrates the horny layer of the skin and then wriggles through the rete. 1968 H. O. Mackey & J. P. Mackey Handbk. Dis. Skin (ed. 9) xxxvii. 380 The rete is thickened and there are œdema, dyskeratosis, and vacuolization of the cells. 1994 New Scientist 9 July 85/1 Fingerprints are the visible parts of rete ridges, where the epidermis of the skin dips down into the dermis. c. = rete testis n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > ducts > [noun] > seminal or spermatic ducts seed bringer1545 vas deferens1578 seed trough1615 seed vein1615 spermatic1690 seminal1733 rete testis1777 rete1849 parepididymis1881 spermaduct1891 1849 T. B. Curling in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 977/2 The canals of the rete. 1914 S. Sisson Anat. Domest. Animals (ed. 2) 586 The efferent ducts from the rete, a dozen in number, leave at the upper end of the mediastinum. 2009 S. A. Meyers in J. C. Samper Equine Breeding Managem. & Artific. Insemination (ed. 2) v. 47/2 Both ends of each seminiferous tubule empty into the rete. †3. Entomology. The fat body of an insect. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > larva > parts of > fatty tissue rete1841 1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xv. 296 The whole body of the larva is filled with a peculiar fatty tissue..called by entomologists the rete, epiploon, or fat-mass. 1885 Jrnl. Microsc. & Nat. Sci. 4 170 The fatty rete of this larva generally presents a number of oil-globules of very various sizes scattered through a homogenous ground-substance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1392
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