monarchn.¹

Brit.

/ˈmɒnək/, U.S.

/ˈmɑnərk/,

/ˈmɑˌnɑrk/

Forms: late Middle English monarcha, late Middle English–1600s monark, late Middle English–1600s monarke, 1500s monache, 1500s monarche, 1500s monarcke, 1500s monarque, 1500s–1600s monarck, 1500s– monarch.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French monarche; Latin monarcha.

Etymology: < Middle French monarche, monarch (c1370; French monarque (1530 in Middle French)) and its etymon post-classical Latin monarcha (6th cent. in translations of Greek texts; frequently from 10th cent. in British sources) < Byzantine Greek μονάρχης (4th cent.), alteration (with suffix substitution) of ancient Greek μόναρχος ( > post-classical Latin monarchus (6th cent. in translations of Greek texts; frequently from 8th cent. in British sources)) < μονο- mono- comb. form + ἄρχειν to rule (see archon n.²). Compare Italian monarca (1304), Spanish monarca (c1400), Portuguese monarca (1552 as monarcha ). In sense 4 after scientific Latin Monarcha, genus name (N. A. Vigors & T. Horsfield in Trans. Linn. Soc. (1827) 15 254) < post-classical Latin monarcha monarch n.¹, so named because of the resemblance of the strong bill of these birds to that of the kingbirds (tyrant flycatchers of the genus Tyrannus).With sense 2 compare earlier sovereign n. 4b, and perhaps also French monarque in slang use denoting a 5-franc piece (because of the image on the coin; 1827).

a. In early use: a sole and absolute ruler of a state. Subsequently also: any ruler or sovereign bearing the title of king, queen, emperor, empress, or the equivalent of one of these. absolute monarch: see absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2.Typically used as a more or less rhetorical substitute for the specific designation of the ruler in question.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun]

princec1225

sovereign1297

monarch?a1439

royc1440

royalc1440

regala1450

crown1474

potentatec1475

throne1593

mulai1594

Monarcho1598

sovran1649

sceptre-holder1655

Elohima1682

head of state1873

the Palace1962

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 1236 A lawe he sette, upon peyne of lyff, That men of custum sholde hym name & calle This wordlis [read worldis] monarke.

c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) 299 Souereyn of Renoun, Which as monarcha of euery Regioun, Gaff me this Charge.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Monarcha, a prynce, whiche reuleth alone without piere or companyon, monarche.

1572 H. Middelmore Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 5 His deseign..is to make himselfe monarche of Christendome.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 186 The qualitie of mercie..becomes the throned Monarch better then his crowne.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 312 He is reputed as absolute a monark as any other in India.

1683 Addr. from Boston in London Gaz. No. 1857/3 Not contented with the Blood-sucking of a Monarch so matchless Merciful.

1707 G. Hickes Two Treat. i. ii. 23 I had rather be the poor Priest..than be Premier to the greatest Monarch.

a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) iii. 235 The French and English monarchs, in whose name this proposal had been made.

1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. iv. 253 The treasured remains of those saints and monarchs which lie enshrined in the adjoining chapels.

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. xii. 350 According to..Austin, the Sovereign, if a single person, is or should be called a Monarch.

1914 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 31 May 253/1 These memoirists are as frankly revealing as any that described the daily life of the Grand Monarch's Court.

1990 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Aug. 869/2 He published a series of Hugolian odes celebrating the victory of the democratic masses over their enfeebled monarchs.

b. In extended use: a person or thing regarded as having status or power comparable to that of a monarch.

ΚΠ

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E4 To be moued to doe that which wee know, or to be mooued with desire to knowe, Hoc opus: Hic labor est. Nowe therein of all Sciences..is our Poet the Monarch.

1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A2 And al this vnder the government of one Monarch, of whom aboue al things they [sc. the bees] haue a principal care.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 110 Come thou Monarch of the Vine, Plumpie Bacchus, with pinke eyne.

1640 Bp. H. King Serm. 15 The Sunne..who is the Prince and Monarch of the Skie.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 91 Unless the Seamen or Soldiers get Drunk,..then are they Monarchs, and it is Madness to oppose them.

1745 E. Young Consolation 80 How far, how wide, The matchless Monarch [sc. the sun], from his flaming Throne..Throws his Beams about him.

1782 W. Cowper Verses A. Selkirk in Poems 305 I am monarch of all I survey.

1805 P. Gass Jrnl. 2 July (1807) 105 Most of the corps crossed over to an island, to attack and rout its monarch, a large brown bear.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 11 Mont Blanc is the monarch of mountains.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 6 In the realm of mere letters, Voltaire is one of the little band of great monarchs.

1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. iii. 375 Presley came upon the monarch, the king, the great Durham bull, maintaining his lonely state, unapproachable, austere.

1954 M. Beresford Lost Villages Eng. v. 140 These..depopulations flourished where the great landlord was sole owner, where he stood as monarch of all he surveyed.

1992 Smithsonian Feb. 71/2 Victor Renaud is monarch of the vegetable kingdom. His books..defend the cause of organic cultivation.

†2. British slang. A coin of the value of one pound; = sovereign n. 4b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings

goldfinch1602

Harry sovereign1615

piece1631

jingle-boya1640

yellow boy1654

quid1661

marigold1663

broad-piece1678

pound piecea1715

gold penny1736

sovereign1817

dragon1827

sov1829

chip?1836

couter1846

thick 'un1848

monarch1851

James1858

skiv1858

Victoria1870

goblin1887

red one1890

Jimmy1899

quidlet1902

Jimmy O'Goblin1931

pound coin1931

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 52/1 Upper Benjamins, built on a downey plan, a monarch to half a finnuff... Pair of long sleeve Moleskin..half a monarch.

3. More fully monarch butterfly. A large migratory orange and black danaid butterfly, Danaus plexippus, native to the Americas and known as a vagrant in western Europe. Also called milkweed butterfly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Nymphalidae > subfamily Danainae > danais plexippus (monarch)

milkweed butterfly1880

monarch1889

1889 Cent. Mag. Sept. 650 But what do we find in the instance of the Monarch or Archippus butterfly, the protegé of the milkweeds?

1893 F. O. Morris Hist. Brit. Butterflies 71 The Monarch..is one of the commonest species throughout a great part of North America.

1945 E. B. Ford Butterflies i. 23 The Milkweed, Monarch, or Black-veined Brown Butterfly, Danaus plexippus... The first specimen [in Britain] was caught by Mr. J. Stafford at Neath, South Wales, on September 6th, 1876.

1975 Country Life 20 Feb. 450/1 The magnificent black-veined brown or monarch butterfly, that rare migrant to Britain.

1992 C. P. Estés Women who run with Wolves 5 I learned about the sacred art of self-decoration with monarch butterflies perched atop my head.

1997 Nature 1 May 29/2 In the absence of celestial cues on overcast days..monarchs still manage to orient toward the south-southwest.

4. More fully monarch flycatcher. Any of numerous African, Asian, and Australasian songbirds of the family Monarchidae, many of which have boldly marked or colourful plumage; esp. one belonging to the Australasian and Asian genera Monarcha, Hypothymis, or Arses. Frequently with distinguishing word. Cf. paradise flycatcher n. at paradise n. Compounds 2.Monarch flycatchers were formerly placed with other Old World flycatchers in the family Muscicapidae, and are now often treated as a subfamily ( Monarchinae or Myiagrinae) of an enlarged Muscicapidae.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Monarchinae

monarch1945

1937 E. Mayr & A. L. Rand in Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 73 152 This monarcha was found only at Kubuna where it was rather uncommon and shy.]

1945 E. Mayr Birds S.W. Pacific 258 The Pied Monarch is a common bird of the forest.

1961 O. L. Austin & A. Singer Birds of World 260/2 Most striking of the flycatchers are the monarch and paradise flycatchers of the subfamily Monarchinae.

1975 B. F. King & M. W. Woodcock Field Guide Birds S.E. Asia 394 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea... Long-tailed; slender. Similar to fantails in shape and habits.

2000 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) Muscicapidae, songbird family that traditionally included the Old World flycatchers and monarch flycatchers.

Compounds

C1.

a. Appositive.

monarch-dead n.

ΚΠ

1864 J. M. Neale Seatonian Poems 131 The monarch, midst the monarch-dead Reposes in his glory.

monarch-god n.

ΚΠ

1767 W. Dodd Poems 99 A marble temple stood, Built by my subjects to their monarch god.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 3 The monarch-god, Apollo.

monarch-judge n.

ΚΠ

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. iv. 219 Reasons..in favour of a monarch-judge.

1847 Southern & Western Literary Messenger & Rev. 13 236 The Monarch-Judge of Israel's race Was seated on his throne.

monarch-love n.

ΚΠ

1647 A. Cowley Heart-breaking in Mistress v Thus have I chang'd with evil Fate My Monarch-Love into a Tyrant-State.

1866 E. Lazarus Poems & Transl. 65 She rode along Upon her snowy palfrey, by the steed Of deepest black, of him her monarch-love.

monarch-martyr n.

ΚΠ

1842 A. T. de Vere Song of Faith 259 Mid wild revelry..Should thus the Monarch-martyr's son appear.

monarch mind n.

ΚΠ

1812 G. Crabbe Tales i. 7 And now, into the vale of years declin'd, He hides too little of the monarch-mind.

a1963 S. Plath in Cambr. Rev. (1969) 7 Feb. 244/2 That lofty monarch, Monarch Mind, Blue-blooded in coarse country reigned.

† monarch-monster n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 36 Vengeance on your soules..for thus mirrouring mee for the Monarch-monster of Mothers.

1802 S. J. Pratt The Poor iii Unaw'd they stood, Before the monarch-monster of the wood.

monarch oak n.

ΚΠ

1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 4 Monarch-Oaks that shade the Plain, And, spread in solemn State, supinely Reign.

1881 W. D. Gallagher Miami Woods iii. 126 The monarch oak Hung o'er the sumach linings.

† monarch physician n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke Ep. Ded. Those monarch Phisitions of the world, Galen, Hypocrates, Auycen, and Dioscorides.

† monarch-reason n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 132 His Passions; Rebells all To monarch Reason.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 235 Dreams are but Interludes, which Fancy makes, When Monarch-Reason sleeps, this Mimick wakes.

† monarch-savage n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 454 The monarch-savage [sc. a lion] rends the trembling prey.

monarch-spirit n.

ΚΠ

1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini iii. iii. 146 This great Monarch-spirit, if he fall, Will drag a world into the ruin with him.

1877 T. Cooper Poet. Wks. 164 The monarch-spirits gazed With awe upon the Spartan's volumed look.

† monarch-swain n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1727 J. Thomson Summer 35 Amid his Subjects safe, Slumbers the Monarch-Swain.

† monarch-victor n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1821 F. D. Hemans Dartmoor 20 The trophied car Whirling the monarch-victor fast and far.

b. Objective, instrumental, etc.

(a)

† monarch-murderer n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Monarcacída A Monarch-murtherer.

1651 W. Davenant Gondibert ii. 28 But now the Monarch Murderer comes in, Destructive Man!

(b)

monarch-hating adj.

ΚΠ

1651 J. Ogilby Fables of Æsop Paraphras'd ii. 46 All Monarch-hating Storks and Cranes, who march, Like Sons of thunder, through Heavens Christall Arch.

1961 West Virginia Hist. Oct. 9 They were individualistic, democratic, monarch-hating, Nationalistic, Protestant, English- speaking Americans.

† monarch-murdered adj. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1796 S. T. Coleridge To Author of Poems 28 There for the monarch-murder'd Soldier's tomb You wove th'unfinish'd wreath of saddest hues.

C2.

† monarch-bee n. Obsolete rare = queen bee n.

ΚΠ

1766 Compl. Farmer at Queen-bee This was giving great talents to the monarch-bee.

monarch-pope n. rare a monarch who is also head of the church; spec. one of the post-Reformation British monarchs.

ΚΠ

1904 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. III. ii. 28 Charles I was acting on the example of four English monarch-popes.

Derivatives

ˈmonarch-like adj. and adv.

ΚΠ

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xciii. 2 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 140 Monark-like Iehoua raignes.

1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 12 The Monarchlike Staires of the Pallace of Darius.

1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 252 The lion, monarchlike, alone Hath sympathies with no race but his own.

1991 Anthropol. Today 7 12 Rapists demand an autocratic, monarch-like power.

† monarch-wise adv. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 595 If a city be assembled in monarch-wise [Fr. si monarchiquement], it is to be defended against strangers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	monarch
释义	monarchn.¹ Brit. /ˈmɒnək/, U.S. /ˈmɑnərk/, /ˈmɑˌnɑrk/ Forms: late Middle English monarcha, late Middle English–1600s monark, late Middle English–1600s monarke, 1500s monache, 1500s monarche, 1500s monarcke, 1500s monarque, 1500s–1600s monarck, 1500s– monarch. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French monarche; Latin monarcha. Etymology: < Middle French monarche, monarch (c1370; French monarque (1530 in Middle French)) and its etymon post-classical Latin monarcha (6th cent. in translations of Greek texts; frequently from 10th cent. in British sources) < Byzantine Greek μονάρχης (4th cent.), alteration (with suffix substitution) of ancient Greek μόναρχος ( > post-classical Latin monarchus (6th cent. in translations of Greek texts; frequently from 8th cent. in British sources)) < μονο- mono- comb. form + ἄρχειν to rule (see archon n.²). Compare Italian monarca (1304), Spanish monarca (c1400), Portuguese monarca (1552 as monarcha ). In sense 4 after scientific Latin Monarcha, genus name (N. A. Vigors & T. Horsfield in Trans. Linn. Soc. (1827) 15 254) < post-classical Latin monarcha monarch n.¹, so named because of the resemblance of the strong bill of these birds to that of the kingbirds (tyrant flycatchers of the genus Tyrannus).With sense 2 compare earlier sovereign n. 4b, and perhaps also French monarque in slang use denoting a 5-franc piece (because of the image on the coin; 1827). 1. a. In early use: a sole and absolute ruler of a state. Subsequently also: any ruler or sovereign bearing the title of king, queen, emperor, empress, or the equivalent of one of these. absolute monarch: see absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2.Typically used as a more or less rhetorical substitute for the specific designation of the ruler in question. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun] princec1225 sovereign1297 monarch?a1439 royc1440 royalc1440 regala1450 crown1474 potentatec1475 throne1593 mulai1594 Monarcho1598 sovran1649 sceptre-holder1655 Elohima1682 head of state1873 the Palace1962 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 1236 A lawe he sette, upon peyne of lyff, That men of custum sholde hym name & calle This wordlis [read worldis] monarke. c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) 299 Souereyn of Renoun, Which as monarcha of euery Regioun, Gaff me this Charge. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Monarcha, a prynce, whiche reuleth alone without piere or companyon, monarche. 1572 H. Middelmore Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 5 His deseign..is to make himselfe monarche of Christendome. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 186 The qualitie of mercie..becomes the throned Monarch better then his crowne. View more context for this quotation 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 312 He is reputed as absolute a monark as any other in India. 1683 Addr. from Boston in London Gaz. No. 1857/3 Not contented with the Blood-sucking of a Monarch so matchless Merciful. 1707 G. Hickes Two Treat. i. ii. 23 I had rather be the poor Priest..than be Premier to the greatest Monarch. a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) iii. 235 The French and English monarchs, in whose name this proposal had been made. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. iv. 253 The treasured remains of those saints and monarchs which lie enshrined in the adjoining chapels. 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. xii. 350 According to..Austin, the Sovereign, if a single person, is or should be called a Monarch. 1914 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 31 May 253/1 These memoirists are as frankly revealing as any that described the daily life of the Grand Monarch's Court. 1990 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Aug. 869/2 He published a series of Hugolian odes celebrating the victory of the democratic masses over their enfeebled monarchs. b. In extended use: a person or thing regarded as having status or power comparable to that of a monarch. ΚΠ a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E4 To be moued to doe that which wee know, or to be mooued with desire to knowe, Hoc opus: Hic labor est. Nowe therein of all Sciences..is our Poet the Monarch. 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. A2 And al this vnder the government of one Monarch, of whom aboue al things they [sc. the bees] haue a principal care. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 110 Come thou Monarch of the Vine, Plumpie Bacchus, with pinke eyne. View more context for this quotation 1640 Bp. H. King Serm. 15 The Sunne..who is the Prince and Monarch of the Skie. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 91 Unless the Seamen or Soldiers get Drunk,..then are they Monarchs, and it is Madness to oppose them. 1745 E. Young Consolation 80 How far, how wide, The matchless Monarch [sc. the sun], from his flaming Throne..Throws his Beams about him. 1782 W. Cowper Verses A. Selkirk in Poems 305 I am monarch of all I survey. 1805 P. Gass Jrnl. 2 July (1807) 105 Most of the corps crossed over to an island, to attack and rout its monarch, a large brown bear. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 11 Mont Blanc is the monarch of mountains. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 6 In the realm of mere letters, Voltaire is one of the little band of great monarchs. 1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. iii. 375 Presley came upon the monarch, the king, the great Durham bull, maintaining his lonely state, unapproachable, austere. 1954 M. Beresford Lost Villages Eng. v. 140 These..depopulations flourished where the great landlord was sole owner, where he stood as monarch of all he surveyed. 1992 Smithsonian Feb. 71/2 Victor Renaud is monarch of the vegetable kingdom. His books..defend the cause of organic cultivation. †2. British slang. A coin of the value of one pound; = sovereign n. 4b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings goldfinch1602 Harry sovereign1615 piece1631 jingle-boya1640 yellow boy1654 quid1661 marigold1663 broad-piece1678 pound piecea1715 gold penny1736 sovereign1817 dragon1827 sov1829 chip?1836 couter1846 thick 'un1848 monarch1851 James1858 skiv1858 Victoria1870 goblin1887 red one1890 Jimmy1899 quidlet1902 Jimmy O'Goblin1931 pound coin1931 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 52/1 Upper Benjamins, built on a downey plan, a monarch to half a finnuff... Pair of long sleeve Moleskin..half a monarch. 3. More fully monarch butterfly. A large migratory orange and black danaid butterfly, Danaus plexippus, native to the Americas and known as a vagrant in western Europe. Also called milkweed butterfly. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Nymphalidae > subfamily Danainae > danais plexippus (monarch) milkweed butterfly1880 monarch1889 1889 Cent. Mag. Sept. 650 But what do we find in the instance of the Monarch or Archippus butterfly, the protegé of the milkweeds? 1893 F. O. Morris Hist. Brit. Butterflies 71 The Monarch..is one of the commonest species throughout a great part of North America. 1945 E. B. Ford Butterflies i. 23 The Milkweed, Monarch, or Black-veined Brown Butterfly, Danaus plexippus... The first specimen [in Britain] was caught by Mr. J. Stafford at Neath, South Wales, on September 6th, 1876. 1975 Country Life 20 Feb. 450/1 The magnificent black-veined brown or monarch butterfly, that rare migrant to Britain. 1992 C. P. Estés Women who run with Wolves 5 I learned about the sacred art of self-decoration with monarch butterflies perched atop my head. 1997 Nature 1 May 29/2 In the absence of celestial cues on overcast days..monarchs still manage to orient toward the south-southwest. 4. More fully monarch flycatcher. Any of numerous African, Asian, and Australasian songbirds of the family Monarchidae, many of which have boldly marked or colourful plumage; esp. one belonging to the Australasian and Asian genera Monarcha, Hypothymis, or Arses. Frequently with distinguishing word. Cf. paradise flycatcher n. at paradise n. Compounds 2.Monarch flycatchers were formerly placed with other Old World flycatchers in the family Muscicapidae, and are now often treated as a subfamily ( Monarchinae or Myiagrinae) of an enlarged Muscicapidae. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Monarchinae monarch1945 1937 E. Mayr & A. L. Rand in Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 73 152 This monarcha was found only at Kubuna where it was rather uncommon and shy.] 1945 E. Mayr Birds S.W. Pacific 258 The Pied Monarch is a common bird of the forest. 1961 O. L. Austin & A. Singer Birds of World 260/2 Most striking of the flycatchers are the monarch and paradise flycatchers of the subfamily Monarchinae. 1975 B. F. King & M. W. Woodcock Field Guide Birds S.E. Asia 394 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea... Long-tailed; slender. Similar to fantails in shape and habits. 2000 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) Muscicapidae, songbird family that traditionally included the Old World flycatchers and monarch flycatchers. Compounds C1. a. Appositive. monarch-dead n. ΚΠ 1864 J. M. Neale Seatonian Poems 131 The monarch, midst the monarch-dead Reposes in his glory. monarch-god n. ΚΠ 1767 W. Dodd Poems 99 A marble temple stood, Built by my subjects to their monarch god. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 3 The monarch-god, Apollo. monarch-judge n. ΚΠ 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. iv. 219 Reasons..in favour of a monarch-judge. 1847 Southern & Western Literary Messenger & Rev. 13 236 The Monarch-Judge of Israel's race Was seated on his throne. monarch-love n. ΚΠ 1647 A. Cowley Heart-breaking in Mistress v Thus have I chang'd with evil Fate My Monarch-Love into a Tyrant-State. 1866 E. Lazarus Poems & Transl. 65 She rode along Upon her snowy palfrey, by the steed Of deepest black, of him her monarch-love. monarch-martyr n. ΚΠ 1842 A. T. de Vere Song of Faith 259 Mid wild revelry..Should thus the Monarch-martyr's son appear. monarch mind n. ΚΠ 1812 G. Crabbe Tales i. 7 And now, into the vale of years declin'd, He hides too little of the monarch-mind. a1963 S. Plath in Cambr. Rev. (1969) 7 Feb. 244/2 That lofty monarch, Monarch Mind, Blue-blooded in coarse country reigned. † monarch-monster n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 36 Vengeance on your soules..for thus mirrouring mee for the Monarch-monster of Mothers. 1802 S. J. Pratt The Poor iii Unaw'd they stood, Before the monarch-monster of the wood. monarch oak n. ΚΠ 1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 4 Monarch-Oaks that shade the Plain, And, spread in solemn State, supinely Reign. 1881 W. D. Gallagher Miami Woods iii. 126 The monarch oak Hung o'er the sumach linings. † monarch physician n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke Ep. Ded. Those monarch Phisitions of the world, Galen, Hypocrates, Auycen, and Dioscorides. † monarch-reason n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 132 His Passions; Rebells all To monarch Reason. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 235 Dreams are but Interludes, which Fancy makes, When Monarch-Reason sleeps, this Mimick wakes. † monarch-savage n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 454 The monarch-savage [sc. a lion] rends the trembling prey. monarch-spirit n. ΚΠ 1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini iii. iii. 146 This great Monarch-spirit, if he fall, Will drag a world into the ruin with him. 1877 T. Cooper Poet. Wks. 164 The monarch-spirits gazed With awe upon the Spartan's volumed look. † monarch-swain n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1727 J. Thomson Summer 35 Amid his Subjects safe, Slumbers the Monarch-Swain. † monarch-victor n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1821 F. D. Hemans Dartmoor 20 The trophied car Whirling the monarch-victor fast and far. b. Objective, instrumental, etc. (a) † monarch-murderer n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Monarcacída A Monarch-murtherer. 1651 W. Davenant Gondibert ii. 28 But now the Monarch Murderer comes in, Destructive Man! (b) monarch-hating adj. ΚΠ 1651 J. Ogilby Fables of Æsop Paraphras'd ii. 46 All Monarch-hating Storks and Cranes, who march, Like Sons of thunder, through Heavens Christall Arch. 1961 West Virginia Hist. Oct. 9 They were individualistic, democratic, monarch-hating, Nationalistic, Protestant, English- speaking Americans. † monarch-murdered adj. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1796 S. T. Coleridge To Author of Poems 28 There for the monarch-murder'd Soldier's tomb You wove th'unfinish'd wreath of saddest hues. C2. † monarch-bee n. Obsolete rare = queen bee n. ΚΠ 1766 Compl. Farmer at Queen-bee This was giving great talents to the monarch-bee. monarch-pope n. rare a monarch who is also head of the church; spec. one of the post-Reformation British monarchs. ΚΠ 1904 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. III. ii. 28 Charles I was acting on the example of four English monarch-popes. Derivatives ˈmonarch-like adj. and adv. ΚΠ c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xciii. 2 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 140 Monark-like Iehoua raignes. 1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 12 The Monarchlike Staires of the Pallace of Darius. 1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 252 The lion, monarchlike, alone Hath sympathies with no race but his own. 1991 Anthropol. Today 7 12 Rapists demand an autocratic, monarch-like power. † monarch-wise adv. Obsolete ΚΠ 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 595 If a city be assembled in monarch-wise [Fr. si monarchiquement], it is to be defended against strangers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † monarchn.² Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French monarche. Etymology: < Middle French monarche (feminine; late 13th cent. in Old French) < post-classical Latin monarchia monarchy n.The Middle English form monarche (in a single example in a prose text) should probably be taken as showing monarchy n., rather than an earlier example of the present word:c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 139 The monarche [a1500 Rawl. grete monarchy] of the worlde and the dignitee of the souerayn empir. Obsolete. = monarchy n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > a monarchical state realmc1300 kingdomc1330 seec1425 monarchyc1475 monarch1483 regality1486 1483 St. Albans Chron. sig. fvi^v The Monarch of Rome a bowt this time mightili encresed. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde Ep. Ded. sig. a iij Bladud..a Brittayn the ix King of this Monarch after Brute. 1588 A. Marten Exhort. Faithfull Subiects sig. D2^v The Roman Monarch..was one hundred times greater then ours. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lvii. 252 [It]..was Aduisde a Monarch absolute in France to bring to pas. Aristocratick Gouernment, nor Democratick pleasde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2019). monarchadj. Brit. /ˈmɒnɑːk/, U.S. /ˈmɑˌnɑrk/ Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German monarch. Etymology: < German monarch (1877 in the passages translated in quots. 1884¹, 1884²) < mono- mono- comb. form + -arch -arch comb. form². Compare diarch adj., polyarch adj., triarch adj., etc. Botany. Now esp. of the vascular cylinder of a root: having only one protoxylem strand; having only one point at which the xylem differentiates. ΚΠ 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 350 In the heptarch or octarch examples of Lycopodium clavatum investigated, I almost always found one of the concave plates larger,..the other smaller..with a separate..vascular strand (in itself monarch), lying in front of its..outer surface. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 363 The monarch bundles of some species of Trichomanes. 1910 J. M. Lowson Textbk. Bot. (ed. 5) xiv. 361 The lower part of the stem has a single central protoxylem, i.e. it is endarch and monarch. 1965 K. Esau Plant Anat. (ed. 2) xvii. 495 Depending on the number of protoxylem poles, one, two, three, or more, the roots are called monarch, diarch, triarch, and so on... Monarch, diarch and the other words thus indicate the number of loci where xylary differentiation begins. 1986 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 77 127 Root-traces are monarch and wedge-shaped in section. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). monarchv. Brit. /ˈmɒnək/, U.S. /ˈmɑnərk/, /ˈmɑˌnɑrk/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: monarch n.¹ Etymology: < monarch n.¹ 1. transitive. To have sovereignty over; to bring under one's rule. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [verb (transitive)] > have authority over lordshipc1350 maistriec1400 mastera1425 manc1426 overlordshipc1460 domine1481 to carry the sway of1549 overmastera1557 command1575 swinge1593 monarch1600 dominate1611 dominion1647 dominate1870 society > authority > [verb (transitive)] > prevail over by superior authority overrule1576 overtop1584 predominate1590 oversway1593 monarch1600 predominize1648 to have the whip hand (of)1680 predominec1721 1600 N. Breton Pasquils Mistresse sig. B2 And this same mind that monarcheth the thought Wherein it doth by inspiration dwell. 1935 W. de la Mare Early One Morning p. xx A lifeless immensity monarched by a Mathematician. 2. intransitive, and transitive with it. To behave like a monarch; to act autocratically. Cf. monarchize v. 1b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > sole rule > rule as monarch [verb (intransitive)] reignc1325 rikec1350 to sit on the (also one's) throne1538 to wield the (also a, one's) sceptre1567 monarchize1592 regalize1599 royalize1606 thronea1616 monarcha1653 sovereignize1661 a1653 G. Daniel Illustr. in Idyllia 4 The Tirrannous High-Preist Once but a Man, now Monarchs o're the Rest. 1737 Common Sense I. 11 While he monarchs it in his own closet, [he] becomes contemptible in the Eyes of the World. 1839 Fraser's Mag. 20 126 So be it known, We monarch it by rule of two, and not of one. 1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 28 Dec. 17 When he [sc. Charles V] gave up monarching, he declared [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?a1439n.²1483adj.1884v.1600
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monarchn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

† monarchn.2

monarchadj.

monarchv.

monarchn.¹

† monarchn.²