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单词 bushel
释义

busheln.1

/ˈbʊʃəl/
Forms: Middle English bus(s)chel, buisshel, buysshel, boussel, boyschel, Middle English buyschel, Middle English–1500s busshel(le, Middle English buschelle, byschelle, buscel, bysshell, Middle English–1500s bowsshell(e, 1500s buszshel, buszhell, bushylle, bousshell, beyschell, Middle English–1600s bushell, Middle English– bushel.
Etymology: Middle English boyschel , buyschel , < Old French boissiel, -el, buissiel (modern French boisseau , dialect boisteau ), according to Diez diminutive of boiste (Provençal bostea and boissa ) box. This explanation is supported by the medieval Latin form bustellus , beside bussellus , bissellus . Du Cange took the word as a diminutive of Old French boise = medieval Latin buza , buta butt n.4
1.
a. A measure of capacity used for corn, fruit, etc., containing four pecks or eight gallons.The imperial bushel, legally established in Great Britain in 1826, contains 2218.192 cubic inches, or 80 pounds of distilled water weighed in air at 62° Fah. The Winchester bushel, much used from the time of Henry VIII, was somewhat smaller, containing 2150.42 cubic inches or 77.627413 pounds of distilled water; it is still generally used in United States and Canada. The bushel had a great variety of other values, now abolished by law, though often, in local use, varying not only from place to place, but in the same place according to the kind or quality of the commodity in question. Frequently it was no longer a measure, but a weight of so many (30, 40, 45, 50, 56, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 93, 220) pounds of flour, wheat, oats, potatoes, etc. A full account of these local values is given in Old Country & Farming Words (Eng. Dial. Soc.) 169.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > bushel
bushelc1300
London bushela1475
town bushel1618
full1657
coal bushel1670
strake1706
c1300 Battle Abb. Custumals (1887) 67 Habebit iiij bussellos de bericorn.
c1330 Poem on Times Edw. II 393 in Pol. Songs (1839) 341 A busshel of whete was at foure shillinges or more.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xviii. 6 Mynge to gidre thre half buysshelis of clene floure.
1497 Act 12 Hen. VII v That the measure of a Bushell containe viii. gallons of Wheat.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. viiv An acre of ground..may be metely well sowen with two London busshels of pees.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 116 His reasons are as two graines of wheate hid in two bushels of chaffe. View more context for this quotation
1710 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 55 I have my coals by half a bushel at a time, I'll assure you.
1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 146 This wheat weighed sixty-six pounds ten ounces per bushel, of nine gallons.
1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. i. i. 1 An English Imperial bushel contains 60 lbs. of average wheat or 80 lbs. liquid measure.
b. ? A liquid measure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure
cowl1467
bushel1483
lagen1570
homerkin1662
litron1725
pound-pint1901
1483 Cath. Angl. 49 A Buschelle; batulus liquidorum est, bacus.
c. Sometimes used without of. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. iv. 15 Who so bouȝt[e] a busshel corn.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 392 Hir cake Of half a busshel flour.
d. loosely. A large quantity or number.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 976 And would a bushel of venim al excusen For that a grane of love is on it shove.
1680 Answer Stillingfleet's Serm. 33 Who have Benefices and Honours by Heaps, and by the Bushel.
1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 579 He..has got a Bushel of Money by his Practice.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Sept. (1965) I. 437 An old Beau..with a Bushel of curl'd hair on his head.
1873 R. Broughton Nancy III. 187 Bushels of girls..there always are bushels of girls somehow; here they come.
2.
a. A vessel used as a bushel measure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring volume > measuring vessels > vessel of standard capacity > for measuring specific standard quantity
peck1381
bushelc1384
firlot1573
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xi. 33 No man liȝtneth a lanterne, and puttith in hidlis, other vndir a boyschel [a1425 L.V. buyschel], but on a candel sticke.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. viii. 20 Thre mues or busshellis all full of rynges of gold.
?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iiiv Rolynge hys yes as rounde as two bushels.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 196 Their feet..are as broad as a bushell.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 22 The Sense represents the Sun no bigger than a Bushel.
1724 I. Watts Logick 152 The apples will fill a bushel.
b. figurative (with reference to Matthew v. 15). ‘To hide one's light under a bushel’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keeping from publication > [noun] > that which conceals
bushel1557
curtain1945
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 96v Trouth vnder bushell is faine to crepe.
1627 R. Sanderson Serm. I. 267 The light of Gods word, hid from them under two bushels for sureness: under the bushel of a tyrannous clergy..and under the bushel of an unknown tongue.
1644 Z. Boyd Garden of Zion I. 418 From under the Bushell of ignorance.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. App. 540 The light of those saintly ladies should in no case be hidden under a bushel.
c. Phrase. to measure other people's corn by one's own bushel: to apply one's own standard to others, to judge others by oneself.
ΚΠ
1636 J. Henshaw Horæ Succisivæ (ed. 4) 279 Men usually measure others by their own bushels: they that are ill themselves, are commonly apt to think ill of others.
1801 W. Huntington Bank of Faith 35 We must not measure every body's corn by our own bushel.

Compounds

C1. Of a bushel.
bushel-bag n.
bushel-basket n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > of specific size
bushel-basket1529
1529 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 567/3 1 bushel basket.
1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 i. 202 The food..carried in bushel-baskets.
bushel-measure n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific
medreiec1480
bushel-measure1530
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 200/2 Bousshell measure, boisseav.
bushel-poke n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > sack > of specific size
quarter-sackc1422
bushel-poke?1523
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlviiv Bagges, wallettes, or busshell pokes.
C2. Resembling or as wide as a bushel-measure.
bushel-breeches n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > breeches > wide or loose
slops1481
slopper1549
gally breeches1567
gally hose1567
gaskin breeches1573
gaskins1573
galligaskin1577
galligaskin breeches1577
galligaskin1592
slivings1601
gregs1611
petticoat breeches1658
Rhinegrave1667
bushel-breeches1834
romper1922
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. vii. 17/2 Bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, cornuted shoes, or other the like phenomena.
bushel-wig n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > wig > types of > other
Rogerian1597
Gregorian1598
Chedreux1678
vallancy1684
spencer17..
nightcap wig1709
Adonis1734
pigeon wing1753
grizzle1755
tête1756
bag-wig1760
negligent1762
jasey1789
bushel-wig1794
Brutus1798
scalp1802
Brown Georgea1845
sheitel1890
fright wig1904
katsura1908
neck-roll1920
1794 J. Wolcot Rowland for Oliver in Wks. II. 344 What gives them consequence, I trow, Is nothing but a bushel wig.
C3.
bushel-iron n. ? (old) iron sold by the bushel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron
landiron1428
wood-iron1536
bullate1591
bullet-iron1686
tough-iron1686
Russia iron1751
Russian iron1758
sable1785
Russia1805
stub-iron1820
bushel-iron1831
Russia sheet-iron1835
stub-nail iron1839
stub Damascus1845
Berlin iron1854
charcoal-iron1858
Bessemer iron1864
tank-iron1864
ship-plate1873
ingot iron1877
tank-plate1892
structural1895
Armco1914
1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 144 Bushel-iron, or the fragments of old hoops, and all pieces of similar size.
1851 Orders & Regulations Royal Engineers (rev. ed.) xvi. 66 All Bushel or Scrap Iron, and Waste in conversion.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

busheln.2

Etymology: compare bush n.3
The bush or box of a wheel. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > parts of > journal > part which encloses or supports
bushel1433
bush1566
plummer block1796
box1825
housing1829
journal-box1864
strap-head1864
1433 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 550/4 New bushel, /8; Iron to do., 1/-.
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Bushels (of a Cartwheel), certain irons within the hole of the nave, to preserve it from wearing. [So Johnson.]
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Bushel, the circle of iron in the nave of a wheel.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

bushelv.1

/ˈbʊʃəl/
Etymology: < bushel n.1
rare.
To hide under a bushel. figurative (see bushel n.1 2b.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keeping from publication > keep concealed [verb (transitive)]
napkin1627
bushel1650
1650 T. Vaughan Anima Magica 56 I have not Busheld my Light, nor buried my Talent in the Ground.
1652 W. Jenkyn Expos. Jude: 1st Pt. iv. 287 We must not rifle the cabinet of the secret decree, yet neither bushel the candle of Scripture-discovery.
1882 H. C. Merivale Faucit of Balliol II. i. xxiv. 105 The agricole..thinks that he is wasting his days and bushelling his light out of London.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

bushelv.2

/ˈbʊʃəl/
Etymology: perhaps < German bosseln to do odd jobs, to do poor work.
U.S.
transitive and intransitive. To repair (garments).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (intransitive)] > carry out specific processes
shape?c1225
face?1577
bushel1877
overtrim1893
to piece down1903
pin-fit1926
1877 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) Add. To bushel, to repair garments.

Compounds

ˈbushelman n. (also bushel-woman) a man or woman employed in repair tailoring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > carrying out specific processes > repairing or renovating > one who
dubber1225
renovater1791
busheler1846
bushelman1864
clobberer1864
reviver1864
alteration hand1884
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > carrying out specific processes > repairing or renovating > one who > woman
bushelman1864
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. 177/3 Bushelman.
1889 Cent. Dict. Bushelwoman, a woman who assists a tailor in repairing garments.
1909 ‘O. Henry’ Options (1916) 92 You would say he had been brought up a bushelman in Essex Street.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1300n.21433v.11650v.21864
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