moden.

Brit.

/məʊd/, U.S.

/moʊd/

Forms: late Middle English moede, late Middle English– mode, 1600s moad, 1600s moade.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin modus; French mode.

Etymology: In branch I. < classical Latin modus measure, size, limit of quantity, manner, method, musical ‘mode’ (in post-classical Latin also ‘mood’ in grammar and logic: compare mood n.²) < a variant (with a different ablaut grade) of the Indo-European base of mete v.¹ In branch II. < French mode, feminine (c1393 in Middle French denoting a collective manner of living or thinking proper to a country or age, 1452 in sense ‘way, manner’ (compare sense 4), 1480 in sense ‘way of dressing’; for technical senses see below) < classical Latin modus.Although classical Latin modus was masculine, French mode became feminine by analogy with feminine nouns in final -e , and remained feminine in all uses until the 15th cent., when the masculine gender was adopted for the senses (chiefly technical) of Latin modus and the feminine restricted to senses corresponding to branch II. From classical Latin modus are Old Occitan mo grammatical mode (Occitan mòde musical or grammatical mode is < French), Italian modo manner (a1294), grammatical mood (14th cent.), Spanish modo grammatical mood (1490), Catalan mou way, manner (13th cent.), modo (1496, < Italian mode ; Catalan mode ), and Portuguese modo custom (1424), grammatical mood (1540). From French mode (feminine) ‘fashion’ are Occitan mòda , Italian moda (1648), Spanish moda (c1700), Portuguese moda (1768); also German Mode (mid 17th cent.; compare earlier use of French phrase à la mode in a German context (from c1620) and also earlier Alamode (1628): see à la mode adv.), Danish mode , Swedish mod (mid 17th cent.; also as mode ); in the Scandinavian languages perhaps via English or German. In music (see sense 1), classical Latin modus is used for rhythm and melody in general as well as in the more specific sense reflecting ancient Greek τρόπος (itself also used more widely, of musical style in general). Compare Anglo-Norman mode , mote tune, song (early 13th cent.), Italian modo musical ‘mode’ (1342), Middle French mode ‘mode’ in ancient Greek music (1547 as feminine, 1598 as masculine), French mode major or minor mode (1688). In grammar (see sense 2), classical Latin modus is used (by Quintilian, 1st cent. a.d.) for grammatical ‘voice’ (active or passive; Hellenistic Greek διάθεσις ), post-classical Latin modus (by 4th–5th-cent. grammarians) for ‘mood’ (Hellenistic Greek ἔγκλισις ). Compare Middle French, French mode grammatical ‘mood’ (feminine 1550, masculine 1611). In logic (see sense 3), post-classical Latin modus is used to render Hellenistic Greek τρόπος (see further discussion at mood n.² 2). In philosophy (see sense 6) post-classical Latin modus is used by Wyclif (1381) to denote a manner or state of being; French mode is used by Descartes (1647) to denote a non-essential quality or attribute. With sense 8a compare slightly earlier à la mode adv. The development of sense 14 is uncertain.

I. In senses derived directly from the Latin.

1. Music.

†a. A melody, a strain of music; a rhythm. Obsolete.Quot. ?a1425 may belong to sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > ancient Greek modes

modec1400

mood1597

measure1625

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 884 (MED) Þat nwe songe þay songen ful cler..Ful fayre þe modez þay fonge in fere.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. i. 50 Musice, a damoysele of our hous, that syngeth now lightere moedes [L. modos] or prolacions, now hevyere.

†b. The ratio of the duration of a long or a large to that of the next longest note, which determines rhythm; = mood n.² 3a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun]

proportiona1387

measurea1525

mode1561

casure1565

moodc1570

rhythm1576

rhyme1586

stotc1590

dimension1597

sextupla1597

timing1597

rhythmus1603

cadence1605

time1609

cadency1628

movement1683

lilt1841

metre1873

tempus1889

riddim1943

1561 T. Sternhold et al. Psalmes To Rdr. sig. Biii To set out a ful and absolut knowledge of the nature of the scale... What modes there are: and how many.

1667 C. Simpson Compend. Pract. Musick 14 In former times they had four Moods or Modes of measuring Notes.

1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 421 The Circle with a point of perfection in the center, thus ☉, was the Sign for the great Mode perfect, in which all long notes were equal in duration to three of the next shorter in degree.

1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 340 In the Great Mode Perfect, the Large is equal to three Longs. In the Great Mode Imperfect, it is equal to two only. In the Lesser Mode Perfect, the Long is equal to three Breves. In the Lesser Mode Imperfect it is equal to two.

c. A scheme or system specifying the disposition in a scale of the constituent notes of a melody or harmony; spec. each of a conventionally agreed set of such schemes or systems. Formerly also: †= key n.¹ 17b (obsolete).The ecclesiastical modes or church modes used for the classification and composition of plainchant acquired names deriving from those used in some ancient Greek tuning systems (as Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, etc.), although the names used in the two systems do not correspond (for definition of these modes see the first element; see also authentic adj., plagal adj. and n.). The same nomenclature, with some further modification, is still used to describe later Western music. In conventional tonal harmony the major and minor classes of keys are also referred to as modes, corresponding as they do to the Ionian and Aeolian ecclesiastical modes respectively. The term is also used analogously in other musical systems.Use of the English word mode in connection with musical scales first occurs in discussions of ancient Greek music, where mood is earlier used in the same sense (see mood n.² 3c).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > key

key?1533

mode1667

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode

mannera1382

tonea1500

the eight tunes1597

mode1721

mode1782

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > key > major or minor keys

mode1721

mood1788

1667 C. Simpson Compend. Pract. Musick 112 That which the Grecians called Mode or Mood, the Latins termed Tone or Tune.

1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick ix. 274 I would propose the Word Mode, to express the melodious Constitution of the Octave..; and because there are Two Species, let us call that with a 3d g the greater Mode, and that with a 3d l the lesser Mode.

1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick ix. 277 The 3d and 5th of any Mode or Key deserve the Name of essential Notes.

1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick 563 Authentick and..plagal Modes.

a1727 I. Newton Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) i. 59 He [sc. Terpander] was the first who distinguished the modes of Lyric music by several names.

1772 W. Jones Ess. Imit. Arts in Poems 208 Now a series of sounds relating to one leading note is called a mode, or a tone, and, as there are twelve semitones in the scale, each of which may be made in its turn the leader of a mode, it follows that there are twelve modes.

1797 Encycl. Brit. IX. 285/1 Major or minor intervals, as they prevail, characterize the major or minor mode.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. iii. vii. 297 The Hindú music appears..to be systematic and refined. They have eighty-four modes, of which thirty-six are in general use, and each of which, it appears, has a peculiar expression.

1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 8 In the diatonic genus, the Greeks had several modes.

1881 G. A. Macfarren Counterpoint (ed. 3) iii. 6 A mode in the mediæval church was a distribution of..notes..which varied in the order of the tones and semitones according to what note was chosen for the key-note.

1934 J. Foulds Mus. Today II. iii. §4. 45 We can descry, behind the seventy-two-modal system of India a still more extended one—a system, namely of ninety modes.

1944 D. Tovey Chamber Mus. xvii. 178 The eleventh variation, slow and in the major mode.

1963 R. Donington Interpr. Early Music iv. 67 D minor..grew out of the Dorian mode when its leading note, C, became habitually sharpened by the workings of musica ficta.

1992 UNESCO Courier Mar. 49/3 Whatever mode is used to play a melody, the structure of the scale remains the same.

d. More fully rhythmic mode. In early Western music: any of several patterns of notes in ternary rhythm, as measured in longs and breves (now historical). Also: any of a set of conventional rhythmic patterns used in certain other musical traditions.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode

mannera1382

tonea1500

the eight tunes1597

mode1721

mode1782

1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 183 As Modes are of different kinds, their number and arrangement are made different by different musicians... The first consists wholly of Longs—The second of a Breve, a Long, &c.

1929 H. E. Wooldridge Polyphonic Period 62 [The metrical rhythms] had already, apparently, before the completion of the mensural notation, been reduced, by means of the common triple proportion, to a system of formulae, called Modes.

1957 New Oxf. Hist. Music I. xi. 451 By the ninth or tenth century there were seven or eight principal (uṣūl) rhythmic modes used by the Mesopotamian and Syrian Arabs.

1978 R. Hoppin Medieval Mus. 221 Most theorists list six rhythmic modes or patterns that correspond to the feet of quantitative meters in classical poetry.

a. Grammar. = mood n.² 1.Now chiefly with reference to languages in which mood is not marked by the use of inflectional forms.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [noun]

modusOE

modec1450

moodc1450

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 38 A verbe..is declined wyth moode and tyme w^toute case, as ‘I love the for I am loued of the’... How many thyngys falleth to a verbe? Seuene, videlicet moode, coniugacion, gendyr, noumbre, figure, tyme, and person. How many moodes bu ther? V... Indicatyf, imperatyf, optatyf, coniunctyf, and infinityf.

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. A.iv^v Somtyme of the infinytyue mode folowynge.

1581 W. Fulke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) ii. M iij The wordes..are both the imperatiue mode in the Greeke text.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 446 Gerunds and Supines are unnecessary inflexions of Verbs, the notion of them being expressible by the Infinitive Mode, whose Cases they are.

1751 J. Harris Hermes i. viii. 144 Thus have we established a variety of Modes; the Indicative or Declarative,..the Potential [etc.].

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 252/2 The term Verb comprehends those words in a language which are used to indicate the relations of mode or mood.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xvi. 273 In English..the unreal appears only in clauses introduced by if or though, or in combination with the phrasal mode-forms (he would help us, unreal of he will help us).

1946 H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 97 The forms of the verb [in Algonquian] fall into five orders. Each order consists of one or more modes, each with a full set of forms.

1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts 495 Five modes are recognized here: common (or ‘indicative’), subjunctive, infinitival, gerundial, participial.

1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 46/1 Initial change, a modification in the first stem vowel, marks certain modes of the conjunct order [in Algonkian languages].

b. Linguistics. In K. L. Pike's linguistic model: each of the three components of an emic unit (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1954 K. L. Pike Lang. in Rel. Human Behavior i. iii. 35/2 On any level of focus each..emic unit..is divided structurally into three specific kinds of complex overlapping components which I shall call modes.

1967 W. A. Cook On Tagmemes & Transforms i. 9 Every linguistic sign is defined by its meaning, form and distribution... These are included in Pike's three modes: the manifestation mode, the feature mode, and the distribution mode.

1967 W. A. Cook On Tagmemes & Transforms i. 10 The tagmeme can be fully defined, parallel to the phoneme and morpheme, with its own peculiar feature, manifestation, and distribution modes.

1976 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 5 334 Pike repeatedly insists that in their feature mode, emes involve composite form-meaning contrasnts.

3. Logic.

a. = mood n.² 2. (disused.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > mood or mode

mode1532

mood1569

trope1656

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere iii. p. ccxc And thys syllogysme yf Tyndale wolde fayne wyt in what fygure it is made: he shall fynde it in y^e fyrst fygure, & the thyrd mode.

1581 W. Fulke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iii. P ij b It is neither in mode nor figure. Fulke. It is in Baroco.

1699 T. Baker Refl. Learning v. 54 To reduce our..loose reasonings to certain Rules, and make them conclude in Mode and Figure.

1723 W. Meston Knight i. 26 Of all he knew the right Construction, And could with Nicety and Rigour, Reduce them all to Mode and Figure.

1774 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic iii. §2 in Wks. II. 694/2 The Mode of a syllogism is determined by the Quality and Quantity of the propositions of which it consists.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. ii. ii. §1 Each figure is subdivided into modes, according to what are called the quantity and quality of the propositions.

1906 Mind 15 219 Surely Aristotle does not come to tell us at this late date..that in the first mode of the first figure the middle term need not be co-extensive with the major, nor the minor with the middle.

b. The character of a modal proposition as either necessary, contingent, possible, or impossible; each of the four kinds into which modal propositions are divided as having one or another of these qualities.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > modal logic or proposition

modal1599

modality1628

modus1629

mode1852

modal logic1932

1852 H. L. Mansel Artis Logicæ Rudim. of Aldrich (ed. 2) 45 Aristotle's modes affect the copula and the manner of thinking.

1906 Mind 15 221 A still clearer case of Aristotle's reducing the syllogism to a definition of de omni and de nullo predication can be made out by a reference to his treatment of the syllogism in the contingent mode.

1966 W. V. Quine Ways of Paradox xiii. 156 Whatever may be said about necessity may be said also, with easy and obvious adjustments, about the other modes.

1970 A. E. Blumberg tr. W. K. Stegmüller Main Currents Contemp. German, Brit. & Amer. Philos. vi. 234 Two modes may exclude each other (necessity and impossibility).

a. A way or manner in which something is done or takes place; a method of proceeding in any activity, business, etc. Frequently with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun]

wayeOE

costOE

wise971

gatec1175

custc1275

form1297

guise13..

mannerc1300

kindc1330

assizea1375

plighta1393

makea1400

fashionc1400

reason?c1400

method1526

voye1541

how1551

way1563

garb1600

quality1600

mould1603

quomodo1623

modus1648

mode1649

turn1825

road1855

gait1866

methodology1932

stylee1982

1649 Moderate Intelligencer No. 229. 2202 The Parliament..unanimously agreed, that Presbyterian Government should, be the moad, and the Articles orthodox.

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. H^v Modes of preparation..as..emollition, colation.

1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 220 He..did not fail to applaud it, tho' it were but an ill Mode of making his Court to a Lady he intended to marry.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. ii The usual mode of elevating to the episcopal chair.

1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ii. 49 A good man will prefer that mode..by which he can produce the greatest effect.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 310 The mode in which a seisin of a rent may be acquired, has been already stated.

1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. i. i. 88 The only mode then that remains is to proceed by water.

1884 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. (1885) vi. 183 The writer made use of a mode of teaching used commonly enough in the Bible.

1900 L. H. Bailey Bot. 152 When the compartments split in the middle between the partitions, the mode is loculicidal dehiscence.

1908 E. F. Benson Climber 123 She thought it very wonderful of Maud to behave like this, but to Maud it seemed perfectly natural, as if there was no other possible mode of behaviour.

1941 O. Helmer tr. A. Tarski Introd. Logic viii. 175 The proof of Theorem 1—like any other indirect mode of inference—can be brought under the schema sketched above.

1973 P. F. Lazarsfeld Main Trends in Sociol. iii. 40 The prevailing mode of production determines human behaviour and attitudes.

1992 Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Feb. 26/2 Weber shows how Lacan's mode of challenging Saussure resides in his re-thinking of the distinction between signifier and signified.

†b. A mode of expression. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > mode of expression

manner of speakinga1387

termsc1400

parlancec1475

locution1483

diction1563

couching1571

dictamenta1572

dialect1579

style1594

phraseology1604

phrasing1611

expression1628

language1643

wording1649

routine1676

mode1779

verbiage1792

parle1793

verbiagerie1817

vocabulation1859

phraseography1899

lexis1950

1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 188 He who writes much, will not easily escape a manner, such a recurrence of particular modes as may be easily noted.

c. Any of a number of distinct ways of operating a device or system.

ΚΠ

1951 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 5 233 The operator of the computer will be able to choose..between two distinct modes of operation (i.e., between the 4-address or the 3-address mode).

1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 195 I used the fly-by-wire mode.

1969 Amateur Photographer 16 July 68/2 The ‘mode’ knob selects channel 1, channel 2, stereo or reverse stereo.

1973 Hi-Fi Answers Dec. 59/2 The recording tape spools may be arranged to engage a reverse mode automatically at the end of a tape.

1989 J. Gatenby GCSE Computer Stud. iii. 45 More expensive dot-matrix printers approach 500 cps in draft mode.

1995 Kay & Co. (Worcester) Catal. Autumn–Winter 637/1 Akai stereo CD mini hi-fi system... Power save mode.

d. in —— mode: displaying a specified type of behaviour; playing a particular role.

ΚΠ

1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Sept. 19/1 They're in a catch-up mode, now.

1986 L. Martin Conspiracy of Strangers (1988) ix. 104 When I am at home..I am in wife-and-mother mode.

1995 New Musical Express 28 Oct. 21/1 It may only be Thursday night, but the Sub Club is rammed to sweaty capacity and already in serious hedonist mode.

a. A particular form, manner, or variety in which some quality, phenomenon, or condition occurs or is manifested.In later use often merging with sense 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > a variety or particular form

form1543

edition1598

variety1617

mode1661

version1835

variation1863

phylum1945

the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [noun]

lifeeOE

lifewayOE

livelihoodOE

livingc1350

dietc1460

tradec1485

use1488

daily life1516

way of living1516

governmenta1616

way of lifea1616

tread1628

mode1758

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing iii. 23 If they finde a determinate intellection of any Modes of Being, which were never in the least hinted by their externall or internall senses.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 193 What modes of sight, betwixt each wide extreme, The Mole's dim curtain, and the Lynx's beam.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 83 Modes of Self-Love the Passions we may call.

1758 S. Johnson Idler 15 Apr. 9 Every mode of life has its conveniencies.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 22 (note) The mode of superstition which prevailed in their own times.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 372 Condescending to trifle in the same mode of conceit.

1851 T. De Quincey On Present State Eng. Lang. in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 6 99/2 The French language possesses the very highest degree of merit, though not in the very highest mode of merit.

1863 J. Tyndall (title) Heat considered as a Mode of Motion.

1888 M. E. Braddon Fatal Three I. i. 7 She considered her mode of life intensely domestic.

1904 G. K. Chesterton Napoleon of Notting Hill v. ii. 280 Of a mode of life, of a manner of living.

1958 W. J. Ong in Ess. in Crit. 8 166 René Wellek and Austin Warren answer their own capital question regarding the mode of existence of the literary work by [etc.].

1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 154 A sometimes witty but most often heavyhanded and reflexive raillery, the prevailing mode of our dinner-table talk.

b. Physics. Any of the distinct kinds or patterns of vibration that an oscillatory system can sustain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > vibration or oscillation > distinct pattern of

mode1867

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > laser > [noun] > pattern of variation

mode1867

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > vibration

octave1869

mode1950

1867 J. Tyndall Sound v. 188 When we make the same passage [from a fundamental tone to the first overtone] in a stopped pipe, we obtain a note a fifth above the octave. No intermediate modes of vibration are..possible.

1877 Ld. Rayleigh Theory of Sound I. vi. 141 When a string vibrates in its gravest normal mode, the excursion is at any moment proportional to sin πx/l.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 454/1 In fig. 34 the stationary wave systems of the first four modes are represented.

1949 H. E. Penrose Princ. & Pract. Radar 626 Energy may be propagated in a wave-guide in a doubly infinite series of modes.

1950 R. W. B. Stephens & A. E. Bate Wave Motion & Sound 386 In the theory of the specific heats of a solid the thermal vibrations are supposed to result from many simultaneous modes, whose phases have a random distribution.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 876/2 These standing waves or normal modes of oscillation are quite remarkable and form the basis of the new science of stellar seismology or ‘asteroseismology’.

c. Geology. The quantitative mineral composition of a rock sample, as distinct from its chemical composition. Cf. norm n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > mineral or chemical composition > [noun]

mode1902

heteromorphism1921

1902 W. Cross et al. in Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 10 604 We introduce two terms..as substitutes for the cumbrous and oft-repeated expressions, standard mineral composition (that calculated from the rock analysis) and actual mineral composition. For the first we propose the word norm, and for the second the word mode.

1932 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks II. iii. (heading) Table 63. Modes of sodaclase-granites.

1974 Nature 16 Aug. 562/2 The Clare Castle gneisses are coarse grained and weakly banded... Modes vary within the range: garnet 20–30%, sillimanite 5–20%, [etc.].

1985 R. S. Thorpe & G. C. Brown Field Descr. Igneous Rocks iv. 28/2 The following terms may be used to describe the characteristics of..the major minerals present within the mode or norm of an igneous rock.

6. Philosophy.

a. A manner or state of being of a thing; a thing considered as possessing certain non-essential attributes which may be changed without destroying its identity. Also: an attribute or quality of a substance.Cf. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > mode or form of existence

formc1310

affection?1543

modification1644

notion1649

mode1668

modus1675

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute > of a substance

mood1666

mode1668

modus1675

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > mode of being

modification1644

mode1668

modus1675

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. i. 26 Such things as..require a subject of inhesion..are indeed nothing but the modes of Substance.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. Proem 5 Finite Ens or Being may be distributed into substance or Mode... Mode is not a complete ens or being, neither is it a mere nonentitie or nothing.

1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV 6 Moralitie is a mode not physically or intrinsecally inherent in human acts.

a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) i. 143 That a Spirit is not an Accident or Mode of Substance, all in a manner profess.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. §3 The next sort of objects which are represented in our ideas, are called modes, or manners of being.

1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Spinozism Since the mode is not really distinct from the substance modified.

1781 W. Cowper Anti-Thelypthora 42 That substances and modes of every kind Are mere impressions on the passive mind.

a1872 E. Atherstone Love, Poetry, Philos., & Gout i. ii, in Dramatic Wks. (1888) 202 Doubtless thou hast learned Of such things to discourse as of a Mode—A Substance—Being, or Not Being,—Words—Cases—and Tenses—mere indifferent things Taught with thy grammar, logic, rhetoric.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 279/1 A slight analysis of the constituents of objects to which we attribute beauty shows that there are at least three distinct modes of this attribute, namely (1) sensuous beauty, [etc.].

1954 E. H. Ziegelmeyer tr. L. De Raeymaeker Philos. of Being xii. 329 The value of being..is unique and absolute, whereas the modes are multiple and relative.

b. In J. Locke's use: a complex idea which denotes neither a substance nor a relation. mixed mode n. a mode formed by the combination of different simple ideas. simple mode n. a mode formed by the repetition of the same simple idea.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > Lockianism > elements of

idea1649

mode1671

reflection1690

presentmenta1842

presentation1849

infusion1857

1671 J. Locke Ess.: Draft B (1931) 120 The several sorts of Complex Ideas are these following: 2° The Complex Ideas of Substances... The Complex Ideas of Modes, which are of some one simple idea considered as chief, and other simple ideas considered as modifying it.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xii. 73 Modes I call such complex Ideas, which however compounded, contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as Dependences on, or Affections of Substances; such are the Ideas signified by the words Triangle, Gratitude, Murther.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xii. 74 Of these Modes, there are two sorts, which deserve distinct consideration. First, There are some which are only variations, or different combinations of the same simple Idea... And these I call simple Modes... Secondly, There are others compounded of simple Ideas of several kinds... And these I call mixed Modes.

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. viii. 56 The idea of duration and of its simple modes is got merely from the train and succession of our ideas.

1887 Mind 12 169 What we choose to call sensation, presentation or actuality, is already a mixed mode.

1977 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 35 356 Borrowing an apt expression from John Locke, I want to characterize this statement, and all others relevantly similar to it, as a preceptual statement in a mixed mode.

II. In senses derived from French.

a. A prevailing fashion, custom, practice, or style, esp. one characteristic of a particular place or period.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > custom of a society or group

i-wunec888

thewc893

wise971

law of (the) landc1175

customa1200

wonec1200

tidingc1275

orderc1300

usancea1325

usagec1330

usea1393

guisea1400

spacec1400

stylec1430

rite1467

fashion1490

frequentation1525

institution1551

tradition1597

mode1642

shibboleth1804

dastur1888

praxis1892

1642 J. Howell Forraine Travell xv. 191 He is the discreetest Traveller, who savoureth of no affectation, or strangenesse, of no exotique modes at all.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xxxviii. 42 He is also good at Larding of meat after the mode of France.

1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant 149 A Tyrannie after the Turkish mode, a Monarchy seignioral.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 474 Gods Altar to disparage and displace For one of Syrian mode .

1680 Don Tomazo sig. E3 So that, after the mode of Princes, Tomazo soon found a flaw i'th' Treaty, and was resolv'd to venture a breach.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 21 Nov. (1965) I. 282 They are..dress'd after the French and English modes.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. x. 137 'Tis the mode to live high, to spend more than we get.

1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. ii. 10 They were laced..down the back, and at the seams of the sides, &c., in the mode of King William's reign.

1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lviii. 249 These people..have much in their modes as well as in their manners, to enlist the attention.

1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 69 We are grown To be a sort of dandies in religion, Affecting the last mode.

1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 7/1 In the neckwear departments the racks are hung..with madeup collars which attest the prevailing mode.

1979 PN Rev. 12 1/1 Anyone who casts an eye on the past, its modes and customs—even, sometimes, its literature—is likely to be accused, sooner or later, of living in it.

1990 Correspondent Mag. 17 Sept. 33/3 The fashion for see-through, pioneered by Yves Saint Laurent, came in and the mode for active wear took hold.

†b. Probably: something fashionable, a fashionable item of clothing. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1841 Countess of Blessington Idler in France I. v. 66 Oh, the misery of trying on a new mode for the first time, and before a stranger!

a. With the: the fashion in dress, manners, etiquette, etc., prevailing in society at a particular time.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > the or a prevailing fashion

gentryc1400

the fashion1569

mainstream1599

the trim1603

mood1646

mode1649

vogue1649

beauty1653

à la mode1654

turn1695

the kick1699

goût1717

thing1734

taste1739

ton1769

nick1788

the tippy1790

twig1811

latest1814

dernier mot1834

ticket1838

kibosh1880

last cry1887

le (or the) dernier cri1896

flavour of the month (or week)1946

vague1962

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > of specific period or time

mode1649

order of the day1791

fashion1821

1649 Duke of Newcastle Country Captaine i. 11 Wee are governd by the mode, as waters by the moone.

a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 354 Some of our Company were flouted at for wearing red Cloakes, as then the mode was.

1662 Duchess of Newcastle Matrimonial Trouble i. iv. xxxiii, in Playes Written 447 Wanton. Lord, Lady Procurer, how are you drest to day in a most careless fashion? Procurer. It is the mode, it is the mode to go undrest.

1673 J. Dryden Assignation Prol. sig. A5^v But, Gentlemen, you overdo the Mode.

1697 K. Chetwood Life Virgil in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. *4^v The Devotion..was their Interest, and, which sometimes avails more, it was the Mode.

1706 J. Addison Rosamond iii. iv It suits a person in my station T' observe the mode, and be in fashion.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) v The mode she fixes by the gown she wears.

1850 J. G. Saxe Poems 120 Slaves to the Mode, who pinch the aching waist And mend God's image to the Gallic taste.

1898 W. E. Henley Barmaid in London Types Cheaply the mode she shadows.

1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons xxxiii. 470 Those whom he remembered..were congenially occupied with the new outdoor life which had come to be the mode since his boyhood.

1987 A. R. Morden Elem. Marketing xi. 140 Products like jeans, cola drinks, music,..which become the mode, the ‘in thing’.

†b. all the mode: applied to something having general but usually short-lived popularity. Similarly much the mode. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [adjective]

in (also into) request?1574

bonfacion1584

fashional?1607

of request1613

fashionablea1627

à la mode1642

all the mode1651

modish1661

in mode1664

timeish1676

of vogue1678

voguea1695

mody1701

alamodic1753

much the mode1767

tonish1778

go1784

stylish1800

bang-up1810

tippy1810

varmint1823

up to the knocker1844

gyvera1866

OK1869

fly1879

swagger1879

doggy1885

faddy1885

fantoosh1920

voguish1927

voguey1928

à la page1930

go1937

hard1938

hip1939

down1952

swinging1958

a-go-go1960

way-in1960

yé-yé1960

trendy1962

with-it1962

go-go1963

happening1965

mod1965

funky1967

together1968

fash1977

cred1987

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > popularity > popular [phrase]

in (also out of) vogue1643

all the mode1651

much the mode1767

1651 H. Vaughan Olor Iscanus 20 Since a Labell fixt to thy fair Hearse Is all the Mode.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 25 This Tree is now all the mode for the Avenues to their Countrey palaces in France.

1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 Characters 5/2 Monsieur de Belleisle was then much the mode, being spoken of both at court and at Paris.

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 40 What do you take to be the most fashionable age about town? Hast. Some time ago, forty was all the mode.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 408 In a few months experimental science became all the mode.

1881 Macmillan's Mag. Mar. 403 Sheer lyricism just now is over much the mode.

c. in the mode (also in mode): in customary use, in fashion. Similarly out of (the) mode. Now archaic and literary.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [adjective]

in (also into) request?1574

bonfacion1584

fashional?1607

of request1613

fashionablea1627

à la mode1642

all the mode1651

modish1661

in mode1664

timeish1676

of vogue1678

voguea1695

mody1701

alamodic1753

much the mode1767

tonish1778

go1784

stylish1800

bang-up1810

tippy1810

varmint1823

up to the knocker1844

gyvera1866

OK1869

fly1879

swagger1879

doggy1885

faddy1885

fantoosh1920

voguish1927

voguey1928

à la page1930

go1937

hard1938

hip1939

down1952

swinging1958

a-go-go1960

way-in1960

yé-yé1960

trendy1962

with-it1962

go-go1963

happening1965

mod1965

funky1967

together1968

fash1977

cred1987

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > prevalent

in mode1664

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > not practised or used > not in customary use

uncurrenta1616

unfashionable1659

out of (the) mode1664

demoded1885

dismoded1898

1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 538 I will have you wait on me at such a meeting, though your cloaths be old or out of the mode.

1672 J. Cresset in New-Eng. Historical & Geneal. Reg. (1868) XXII. 83 Whenthey have come to Town, they must presently be in the mode, get fine clothes.

1675 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 2) ix. 163 The white Shock-Rabbit of Turkie is..now become the most in Mode.

1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 117 Why Tom, you are high in the Mode.

1760 B. Franklin Let. 13 Sept. in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1769) 456 If I would finish my letter in the mode, I should yet add something that means nothing.

1858 Harper's Mag. May 830/1 At any rate, card-playing is greatly out of mode: about that there can be no doubt.

1876 H. Melville Clarel II. iv. xxviii. 550 Nor rare thing is it in French Jew, Cast among strangers..To cut old grandsire Abraham As out of mode.

1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey ii. iv. 151 Would it not be more in the mode, really dramatic—if one ‘went over the deep end,’ as they said, just once?

1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xvi. 139 In a made-over dress all neatly about five years out of mode.

†9.

a. (Without article.) Conventional usage in dress, manners, etc., esp. as observed among fashionable people. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > convention > conventional usage

mode1668

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > style or quality of

fashion1604

mode1668

bon-ton1747

haut ton1801

swellism1840

West Endism1841

swellishness1863

toffishness1873

mundanity1892

swellness1894

1668 Duchess of Newcastle Bridals v. iii. 76 in Plays Be you in the Torrid Zone of Mode, in Speech, Behaviour and Accoustrements, and let your Garments be so rich, as to shine in Gold and Silver.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables i. 2 We are to prefer..the Blessings of Providence before..the splendid Curiosities of Mode and Imagination.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 6. ⁋4 Is there anything so just, as that Mode and Gallantry should be built upon exerting ourselves in what is proper and agreeable to the Institutions of Justice and Piety among us?

1789 T. Jefferson Let. 8 Jan. in Papers (1958) XIV. 421 Those sentiments became a matter of mode.

1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 195 Over which the vicissitudes of mode have no sway.

1894 A. C. Hillier in 2nd Bk. Rhymers' Club 80 We know that way they have of old, For it is mode in Opera-land.

b. of mode: (following a noun) fashionable, in fashion; chiefly in man of mode. Cf. fashion n. 12. Obsolete (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [adjective]

townishc1450

of mode1676

fashionable1712

smart1719

high-lifed1733

social1741

high-lived1757

West Endish1855

Fifth Avenue1858

mundane1904

societified1912

Park Avenue1923

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male

gallant1388

wamfler15..

rutter1506

younkera1522

fine gentleman1575

cavalier1589

whisker1595

jinglespur1604

bravery1616

brisk1621

chevalier1630

man about town1647

man of mode1676

man of distinction1699

sprag1707

sparky1756

blood1763

swell1786

Corinthian1819

galliard1828

mondain1833

toff1851

flâneur1854

Johnny1883

silver-tail1898

knut1911

lounge lizard1918

old buster1919

Hooray Henry1959

1676 G. Etherege (title) The Man of Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter.

1677 A. Behn Town-fopp v. ii. 66 Since Marriage but a larger Licence is For every Fopp of Mode to keep a Miss.

1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 28 The man of Mode here in Town.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 119. ¶3 If after this we look on the People of Mode in the Country, we find in them the Manners of the last Age.

c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xiii. 113 The choice Spirits of these Days, the Men of Mode in Politicks.

1903 J. Davidson Knight of Maypole iii. 75 I fear I must have lived too long afar from towns..since my speech Is like an outland tongue to men of mode Accomplished in the converse of the world.

†c. A fashionable person or thing; something which sets the fashion. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > one who or that which sets fashion

mode1712

blood1763

fashionist1815

trend-setter1960

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 478. ¶9 Every one who is considerable enough to be a Mode.

1818 Lady Morgan in Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 48 I shall send two dressed dolls for the two babies, as modes.

†10.

a. A light, glossy, black silk (also mode silk); = à la mode n. 2. Frequently attributive. Obsolete (historical in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > with glossy or shiny surface > black

à la mode1653

alamode silk1686

mode1725

vellum mode-

1725 R. Parke Let. Oct. in K. Miller et al. Irish Immigrants in Land of Canaan (2003) 80 6 yards of white Mode.

1751 J. MacSparran Diary (1899) 407 A la mode (or mode) was a thin, glossy silk, used for hoods, scarfs, &c.

1764 T. Turner Diary 25 May (1984) (modernized text) 294 1 mode band, 4 Italian crepe do.

1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-house 429 33¾ yards figured mode.

1778 Ann. Reg. 1777 213/1 A black silk mode cloak and other apparel.

1795 Edinb. Advertiser 6 Jan. 15/1 A Variety of Articles in the Haberdashery line..consisting of Modes,..Vellum Modes,..Sattins, &c.

1804 Sydney Gaz. 1 Apr. 4 Stolen,..A Black Mode cloak..1 Black Mode Bonnet and 1 ditto laced.

1819 J. H. Vaux Memoirs I. 119 I began my depredations by taking a piece of elegant black mode.

1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 55 Her close black bonnet of that silk which once..was fashionable, since it is still called mode.

a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. ii. 10 She had on a black mode cloak that had been her mother's.

1900 E. V. Boyle Seven Gardens & Palace (ed. 3) 271 Her train of soft black mode silk she held up at the back as she walked.

b. Probably: a garment made of this fabric. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > made from specific material > silk > types of

sendala1225

samite?a1366

paduasoy1588

mode1847

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. iii. 61 Brocaded and hooped petticoats, satin sacques, black modes, lace lappets, &c.

11. Lacemaking. In plural. Fancy stitches or patterns used to fill enclosed spaces in a design. Also in singular: an example of such work. Cf. jour n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > pattern

toilé1861

mode1865

1865 F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace iii. 27 The open work stitches introduced into the patterns are called ‘modes’, ‘jours’.

1882 A. S. Cole in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 185/2 The use of meshed grounds extended [1650–1720], and grounds composed entirely of varieties of modes were made.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 348/2 Modes. A term used in Lace making to denote the open work Fillings between the thick parts of the design.

1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making iv. 15 In the center of the rose is the Suchainette mode or filling.

12. [Shortened form of French gris mode fashion grey.] Any of several shades of grey (see quot. 1930). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > other greys

mode1868

elephant1875

zinc-grey1881

elephant-grey1896

peacock-grey1935

1868 Galaxy Aug. 197 My silk gown was mode-colored.

1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 125/3 Kid gloves... Colors: Black, brown, tan, mode, slate.

1930 A. Maerz & M. R. Paul Dict. Color 167/1 Mode..was a term used in the nineteenth century to indicate a class of colors..usually on the pale order, running from neutral grays to strongly tinted greys of all hues... The old pattern books contain hundreds of samples of different colors, of every conceivable hue, all called ‘Mode’.

1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 224/2 Mode.., pale, bluish-gray color, sometimes drab.

13. Statistics.

a. The value, or range of values, of a variable which occurs most frequently in a set of data, etc. Cf. mean n.³ 10a, median n.² 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > measures of central tendency

meanc1450

median1784

mode1895

1895 K. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 345 I have found it convenient to use the term mode for the abscissa corresponding to the ordinate of maximum frequency. Thus the ‘mean’, the ‘mode’, and the ‘median’ have all distinct characters.

1906 R. H. Lock Rec. Progress Study Variation 89 When dealing with a symmetrical curve the position of the mode is identical with that of the median.

1948 L. D. Crow & A. Crow Educ. Psychol. xx. 393 The score in a given set of data that appears most frequently is called the mode.

1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 123 87 The Kuhlman–Anderson scores for the one group of Ss from a fifth-grade class yielded a mean of 93·91, a range of 46, a median of 93, and a mode of 92.

1992 Independent 6 Jan. 18/7 Even allowing for some element of skewness, all three forms of average—mean, median and mode—will be so close together as to make little difference.

b. A local maximum (often one of several) in a curve or distribution.

ΚΠ

1902 Biometrika 1 305 A frequency distribution with more than one true mode is multi-modal.

1972 R. B. Cain Elem. Statist. Concepts xix. 163 The Pearsonian coefficient of skewness brings out the relation between the mean and the median in a skewed distribution which has exactly one mode.

2012 K. D. Toennies Guide Med. Image Anal. vii. 224 Bradley and Fayyad..used modes of an estimated density function.

†III. Other uses.

14. Heraldry. In plural. Flowers of a single colour (see quot. 1688). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 117/1 Modes, or self coloured flowers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 4c).

mode switch n.

ΚΠ

1977 Rolling Stone 5 May 80/2 There's the ‘mode switch’. This handy-dandy five- or six-position switch lets you listen to the left channel only, the right channel only, [etc.].

1985 Truck & Driver June 6/2 I start the watch when I turn the mode switch to driving, stopping it when I change to other duties.

C2.

† mode-book n. Obsolete rare = fashion-book n. at fashion n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > current or prevailing > fashion book

fashion-book1840

mode-book1860

1860 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne in New Monthly Mag. Mar. 275 Her head-dress..was like nothing in the mode book or out of it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mode
释义	moden. Brit. /məʊd/, U.S. /moʊd/ Forms: late Middle English moede, late Middle English– mode, 1600s moad, 1600s moade. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin modus; French mode. Etymology: In branch I. < classical Latin modus measure, size, limit of quantity, manner, method, musical ‘mode’ (in post-classical Latin also ‘mood’ in grammar and logic: compare mood n.²) < a variant (with a different ablaut grade) of the Indo-European base of mete v.¹ In branch II. < French mode, feminine (c1393 in Middle French denoting a collective manner of living or thinking proper to a country or age, 1452 in sense ‘way, manner’ (compare sense 4), 1480 in sense ‘way of dressing’; for technical senses see below) < classical Latin modus.Although classical Latin modus was masculine, French mode became feminine by analogy with feminine nouns in final -e , and remained feminine in all uses until the 15th cent., when the masculine gender was adopted for the senses (chiefly technical) of Latin modus and the feminine restricted to senses corresponding to branch II. From classical Latin modus are Old Occitan mo grammatical mode (Occitan mòde musical or grammatical mode is < French), Italian modo manner (a1294), grammatical mood (14th cent.), Spanish modo grammatical mood (1490), Catalan mou way, manner (13th cent.), modo (1496, < Italian mode ; Catalan mode ), and Portuguese modo custom (1424), grammatical mood (1540). From French mode (feminine) ‘fashion’ are Occitan mòda , Italian moda (1648), Spanish moda (c1700), Portuguese moda (1768); also German Mode (mid 17th cent.; compare earlier use of French phrase à la mode in a German context (from c1620) and also earlier Alamode (1628): see à la mode adv.), Danish mode , Swedish mod (mid 17th cent.; also as mode ); in the Scandinavian languages perhaps via English or German. In music (see sense 1), classical Latin modus is used for rhythm and melody in general as well as in the more specific sense reflecting ancient Greek τρόπος (itself also used more widely, of musical style in general). Compare Anglo-Norman mode , mote tune, song (early 13th cent.), Italian modo musical ‘mode’ (1342), Middle French mode ‘mode’ in ancient Greek music (1547 as feminine, 1598 as masculine), French mode major or minor mode (1688). In grammar (see sense 2), classical Latin modus is used (by Quintilian, 1st cent. a.d.) for grammatical ‘voice’ (active or passive; Hellenistic Greek διάθεσις ), post-classical Latin modus (by 4th–5th-cent. grammarians) for ‘mood’ (Hellenistic Greek ἔγκλισις ). Compare Middle French, French mode grammatical ‘mood’ (feminine 1550, masculine 1611). In logic (see sense 3), post-classical Latin modus is used to render Hellenistic Greek τρόπος (see further discussion at mood n.² 2). In philosophy (see sense 6) post-classical Latin modus is used by Wyclif (1381) to denote a manner or state of being; French mode is used by Descartes (1647) to denote a non-essential quality or attribute. With sense 8a compare slightly earlier à la mode adv. The development of sense 14 is uncertain. I. In senses derived directly from the Latin. 1. Music. †a. A melody, a strain of music; a rhythm. Obsolete.Quot. ?a1425 may belong to sense 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > ancient Greek modes modec1400 mood1597 measure1625 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 884 (MED) Þat nwe songe þay songen ful cler..Ful fayre þe modez þay fonge in fere. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. i. 50 Musice, a damoysele of our hous, that syngeth now lightere moedes [L. modos] or prolacions, now hevyere. †b. The ratio of the duration of a long or a large to that of the next longest note, which determines rhythm; = mood n.² 3a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] proportiona1387 measurea1525 mode1561 casure1565 moodc1570 rhythm1576 rhyme1586 stotc1590 dimension1597 sextupla1597 timing1597 rhythmus1603 cadence1605 time1609 cadency1628 movement1683 lilt1841 metre1873 tempus1889 riddim1943 1561 T. Sternhold et al. Psalmes To Rdr. sig. Biii To set out a ful and absolut knowledge of the nature of the scale... What modes there are: and how many. 1667 C. Simpson Compend. Pract. Musick 14 In former times they had four Moods or Modes of measuring Notes. 1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 421 The Circle with a point of perfection in the center, thus ☉, was the Sign for the great Mode perfect, in which all long notes were equal in duration to three of the next shorter in degree. 1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 340 In the Great Mode Perfect, the Large is equal to three Longs. In the Great Mode Imperfect, it is equal to two only. In the Lesser Mode Perfect, the Long is equal to three Breves. In the Lesser Mode Imperfect it is equal to two. c. A scheme or system specifying the disposition in a scale of the constituent notes of a melody or harmony; spec. each of a conventionally agreed set of such schemes or systems. Formerly also: †= key n.¹ 17b (obsolete).The ecclesiastical modes or church modes used for the classification and composition of plainchant acquired names deriving from those used in some ancient Greek tuning systems (as Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, etc.), although the names used in the two systems do not correspond (for definition of these modes see the first element; see also authentic adj., plagal adj. and n.). The same nomenclature, with some further modification, is still used to describe later Western music. In conventional tonal harmony the major and minor classes of keys are also referred to as modes, corresponding as they do to the Ionian and Aeolian ecclesiastical modes respectively. The term is also used analogously in other musical systems.Use of the English word mode in connection with musical scales first occurs in discussions of ancient Greek music, where mood is earlier used in the same sense (see mood n.² 3c). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > key key?1533 mode1667 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode mannera1382 tonea1500 the eight tunes1597 mode1721 mode1782 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > key > major or minor keys mode1721 mood1788 1667 C. Simpson Compend. Pract. Musick 112 That which the Grecians called Mode or Mood, the Latins termed Tone or Tune. 1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick ix. 274 I would propose the Word Mode, to express the melodious Constitution of the Octave..; and because there are Two Species, let us call that with a 3d g the greater Mode, and that with a 3d l the lesser Mode. 1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick ix. 277 The 3d and 5th of any Mode or Key deserve the Name of essential Notes. 1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick 563 Authentick and..plagal Modes. a1727 I. Newton Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) i. 59 He [sc. Terpander] was the first who distinguished the modes of Lyric music by several names. 1772 W. Jones Ess. Imit. Arts in Poems 208 Now a series of sounds relating to one leading note is called a mode, or a tone, and, as there are twelve semitones in the scale, each of which may be made in its turn the leader of a mode, it follows that there are twelve modes. 1797 Encycl. Brit. IX. 285/1 Major or minor intervals, as they prevail, characterize the major or minor mode. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. iii. vii. 297 The Hindú music appears..to be systematic and refined. They have eighty-four modes, of which thirty-six are in general use, and each of which, it appears, has a peculiar expression. 1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 8 In the diatonic genus, the Greeks had several modes. 1881 G. A. Macfarren Counterpoint (ed. 3) iii. 6 A mode in the mediæval church was a distribution of..notes..which varied in the order of the tones and semitones according to what note was chosen for the key-note. 1934 J. Foulds Mus. Today II. iii. §4. 45 We can descry, behind the seventy-two-modal system of India a still more extended one—a system, namely of ninety modes. 1944 D. Tovey Chamber Mus. xvii. 178 The eleventh variation, slow and in the major mode. 1963 R. Donington Interpr. Early Music iv. 67 D minor..grew out of the Dorian mode when its leading note, C, became habitually sharpened by the workings of musica ficta. 1992 UNESCO Courier Mar. 49/3 Whatever mode is used to play a melody, the structure of the scale remains the same. d. More fully rhythmic mode. In early Western music: any of several patterns of notes in ternary rhythm, as measured in longs and breves (now historical). Also: any of a set of conventional rhythmic patterns used in certain other musical traditions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode mannera1382 tonea1500 the eight tunes1597 mode1721 mode1782 1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 183 As Modes are of different kinds, their number and arrangement are made different by different musicians... The first consists wholly of Longs—The second of a Breve, a Long, &c. 1929 H. E. Wooldridge Polyphonic Period 62 [The metrical rhythms] had already, apparently, before the completion of the mensural notation, been reduced, by means of the common triple proportion, to a system of formulae, called Modes. 1957 New Oxf. Hist. Music I. xi. 451 By the ninth or tenth century there were seven or eight principal (uṣūl) rhythmic modes used by the Mesopotamian and Syrian Arabs. 1978 R. Hoppin Medieval Mus. 221 Most theorists list six rhythmic modes or patterns that correspond to the feet of quantitative meters in classical poetry. 2. a. Grammar. = mood n.² 1.Now chiefly with reference to languages in which mood is not marked by the use of inflectional forms. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [noun] modusOE modec1450 moodc1450 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 38 A verbe..is declined wyth moode and tyme w^toute case, as ‘I love the for I am loued of the’... How many thyngys falleth to a verbe? Seuene, videlicet moode, coniugacion, gendyr, noumbre, figure, tyme, and person. How many moodes bu ther? V... Indicatyf, imperatyf, optatyf, coniunctyf, and infinityf. 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. A.iv^v Somtyme of the infinytyue mode folowynge. 1581 W. Fulke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) ii. M iij The wordes..are both the imperatiue mode in the Greeke text. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 446 Gerunds and Supines are unnecessary inflexions of Verbs, the notion of them being expressible by the Infinitive Mode, whose Cases they are. 1751 J. Harris Hermes i. viii. 144 Thus have we established a variety of Modes; the Indicative or Declarative,..the Potential [etc.]. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 252/2 The term Verb comprehends those words in a language which are used to indicate the relations of mode or mood. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xvi. 273 In English..the unreal appears only in clauses introduced by if or though, or in combination with the phrasal mode-forms (he would help us, unreal of he will help us). 1946 H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 97 The forms of the verb [in Algonquian] fall into five orders. Each order consists of one or more modes, each with a full set of forms. 1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts 495 Five modes are recognized here: common (or ‘indicative’), subjunctive, infinitival, gerundial, participial. 1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 46/1 Initial change, a modification in the first stem vowel, marks certain modes of the conjunct order [in Algonkian languages]. b. Linguistics. In K. L. Pike's linguistic model: each of the three components of an emic unit (see quots.). ΚΠ 1954 K. L. Pike Lang. in Rel. Human Behavior i. iii. 35/2 On any level of focus each..emic unit..is divided structurally into three specific kinds of complex overlapping components which I shall call modes. 1967 W. A. Cook On Tagmemes & Transforms i. 9 Every linguistic sign is defined by its meaning, form and distribution... These are included in Pike's three modes: the manifestation mode, the feature mode, and the distribution mode. 1967 W. A. Cook On Tagmemes & Transforms i. 10 The tagmeme can be fully defined, parallel to the phoneme and morpheme, with its own peculiar feature, manifestation, and distribution modes. 1976 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 5 334 Pike repeatedly insists that in their feature mode, emes involve composite form-meaning contrasnts. 3. Logic. a. = mood n.² 2. (disused.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > mood or mode mode1532 mood1569 trope1656 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere iii. p. ccxc And thys syllogysme yf Tyndale wolde fayne wyt in what fygure it is made: he shall fynde it in y^e fyrst fygure, & the thyrd mode. 1581 W. Fulke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iii. P ij b It is neither in mode nor figure. Fulke. It is in Baroco. 1699 T. Baker Refl. Learning v. 54 To reduce our..loose reasonings to certain Rules, and make them conclude in Mode and Figure. 1723 W. Meston Knight i. 26 Of all he knew the right Construction, And could with Nicety and Rigour, Reduce them all to Mode and Figure. 1774 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic iii. §2 in Wks. II. 694/2 The Mode of a syllogism is determined by the Quality and Quantity of the propositions of which it consists. 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. ii. ii. §1 Each figure is subdivided into modes, according to what are called the quantity and quality of the propositions. 1906 Mind 15 219 Surely Aristotle does not come to tell us at this late date..that in the first mode of the first figure the middle term need not be co-extensive with the major, nor the minor with the middle. b. The character of a modal proposition as either necessary, contingent, possible, or impossible; each of the four kinds into which modal propositions are divided as having one or another of these qualities. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > modal logic or proposition modal1599 modality1628 modus1629 mode1852 modal logic1932 1852 H. L. Mansel Artis Logicæ Rudim. of Aldrich (ed. 2) 45 Aristotle's modes affect the copula and the manner of thinking. 1906 Mind 15 221 A still clearer case of Aristotle's reducing the syllogism to a definition of de omni and de nullo predication can be made out by a reference to his treatment of the syllogism in the contingent mode. 1966 W. V. Quine Ways of Paradox xiii. 156 Whatever may be said about necessity may be said also, with easy and obvious adjustments, about the other modes. 1970 A. E. Blumberg tr. W. K. Stegmüller Main Currents Contemp. German, Brit. & Amer. Philos. vi. 234 Two modes may exclude each other (necessity and impossibility). 4. a. A way or manner in which something is done or takes place; a method of proceeding in any activity, business, etc. Frequently with of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] wayeOE costOE wise971 gatec1175 custc1275 form1297 guise13.. mannerc1300 kindc1330 assizea1375 plighta1393 makea1400 fashionc1400 reason?c1400 method1526 voye1541 how1551 way1563 garb1600 quality1600 mould1603 quomodo1623 modus1648 mode1649 turn1825 road1855 gait1866 methodology1932 stylee1982 1649 Moderate Intelligencer No. 229. 2202 The Parliament..unanimously agreed, that Presbyterian Government should, be the moad, and the Articles orthodox. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. H^v Modes of preparation..as..emollition, colation. 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 220 He..did not fail to applaud it, tho' it were but an ill Mode of making his Court to a Lady he intended to marry. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. ii The usual mode of elevating to the episcopal chair. 1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ii. 49 A good man will prefer that mode..by which he can produce the greatest effect. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 310 The mode in which a seisin of a rent may be acquired, has been already stated. 1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. i. i. 88 The only mode then that remains is to proceed by water. 1884 F. Temple Relations Relig. & Sci. (1885) vi. 183 The writer made use of a mode of teaching used commonly enough in the Bible. 1900 L. H. Bailey Bot. 152 When the compartments split in the middle between the partitions, the mode is loculicidal dehiscence. 1908 E. F. Benson Climber 123 She thought it very wonderful of Maud to behave like this, but to Maud it seemed perfectly natural, as if there was no other possible mode of behaviour. 1941 O. Helmer tr. A. Tarski Introd. Logic viii. 175 The proof of Theorem 1—like any other indirect mode of inference—can be brought under the schema sketched above. 1973 P. F. Lazarsfeld Main Trends in Sociol. iii. 40 The prevailing mode of production determines human behaviour and attitudes. 1992 Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Feb. 26/2 Weber shows how Lacan's mode of challenging Saussure resides in his re-thinking of the distinction between signifier and signified. †b. A mode of expression. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > mode of expression manner of speakinga1387 termsc1400 parlancec1475 locution1483 diction1563 couching1571 dictamenta1572 dialect1579 style1594 phraseology1604 phrasing1611 expression1628 language1643 wording1649 routine1676 mode1779 verbiage1792 parle1793 verbiagerie1817 vocabulation1859 phraseography1899 lexis1950 1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 188 He who writes much, will not easily escape a manner, such a recurrence of particular modes as may be easily noted. c. Any of a number of distinct ways of operating a device or system. ΚΠ 1951 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 5 233 The operator of the computer will be able to choose..between two distinct modes of operation (i.e., between the 4-address or the 3-address mode). 1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 195 I used the fly-by-wire mode. 1969 Amateur Photographer 16 July 68/2 The ‘mode’ knob selects channel 1, channel 2, stereo or reverse stereo. 1973 Hi-Fi Answers Dec. 59/2 The recording tape spools may be arranged to engage a reverse mode automatically at the end of a tape. 1989 J. Gatenby GCSE Computer Stud. iii. 45 More expensive dot-matrix printers approach 500 cps in draft mode. 1995 Kay & Co. (Worcester) Catal. Autumn–Winter 637/1 Akai stereo CD mini hi-fi system... Power save mode. d. in —— mode: displaying a specified type of behaviour; playing a particular role. ΚΠ 1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Sept. 19/1 They're in a catch-up mode, now. 1986 L. Martin Conspiracy of Strangers (1988) ix. 104 When I am at home..I am in wife-and-mother mode. 1995 New Musical Express 28 Oct. 21/1 It may only be Thursday night, but the Sub Club is rammed to sweaty capacity and already in serious hedonist mode. 5. a. A particular form, manner, or variety in which some quality, phenomenon, or condition occurs or is manifested.In later use often merging with sense 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > a variety or particular form form1543 edition1598 variety1617 mode1661 version1835 variation1863 phylum1945 the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [noun] lifeeOE lifewayOE livelihoodOE livingc1350 dietc1460 tradec1485 use1488 daily life1516 way of living1516 governmenta1616 way of lifea1616 tread1628 mode1758 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing iii. 23 If they finde a determinate intellection of any Modes of Being, which were never in the least hinted by their externall or internall senses. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 193 What modes of sight, betwixt each wide extreme, The Mole's dim curtain, and the Lynx's beam. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 83 Modes of Self-Love the Passions we may call. 1758 S. Johnson Idler 15 Apr. 9 Every mode of life has its conveniencies. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 22 (note) The mode of superstition which prevailed in their own times. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 372 Condescending to trifle in the same mode of conceit. 1851 T. De Quincey On Present State Eng. Lang. in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 6 99/2 The French language possesses the very highest degree of merit, though not in the very highest mode of merit. 1863 J. Tyndall (title) Heat considered as a Mode of Motion. 1888 M. E. Braddon Fatal Three I. i. 7 She considered her mode of life intensely domestic. 1904 G. K. Chesterton Napoleon of Notting Hill v. ii. 280 Of a mode of life, of a manner of living. 1958 W. J. Ong in Ess. in Crit. 8 166 René Wellek and Austin Warren answer their own capital question regarding the mode of existence of the literary work by [etc.]. 1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 154 A sometimes witty but most often heavyhanded and reflexive raillery, the prevailing mode of our dinner-table talk. b. Physics. Any of the distinct kinds or patterns of vibration that an oscillatory system can sustain. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > vibration or oscillation > distinct pattern of mode1867 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > laser > [noun] > pattern of variation mode1867 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > vibration octave1869 mode1950 1867 J. Tyndall Sound v. 188 When we make the same passage [from a fundamental tone to the first overtone] in a stopped pipe, we obtain a note a fifth above the octave. No intermediate modes of vibration are..possible. 1877 Ld. Rayleigh Theory of Sound I. vi. 141 When a string vibrates in its gravest normal mode, the excursion is at any moment proportional to sin πx/l. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 454/1 In fig. 34 the stationary wave systems of the first four modes are represented. 1949 H. E. Penrose Princ. & Pract. Radar 626 Energy may be propagated in a wave-guide in a doubly infinite series of modes. 1950 R. W. B. Stephens & A. E. Bate Wave Motion & Sound 386 In the theory of the specific heats of a solid the thermal vibrations are supposed to result from many simultaneous modes, whose phases have a random distribution. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 876/2 These standing waves or normal modes of oscillation are quite remarkable and form the basis of the new science of stellar seismology or ‘asteroseismology’. c. Geology. The quantitative mineral composition of a rock sample, as distinct from its chemical composition. Cf. norm n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > mineral or chemical composition > [noun] mode1902 heteromorphism1921 1902 W. Cross et al. in Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 10 604 We introduce two terms..as substitutes for the cumbrous and oft-repeated expressions, standard mineral composition (that calculated from the rock analysis) and actual mineral composition. For the first we propose the word norm, and for the second the word mode. 1932 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. Igneous Rocks II. iii. (heading) Table 63. Modes of sodaclase-granites. 1974 Nature 16 Aug. 562/2 The Clare Castle gneisses are coarse grained and weakly banded... Modes vary within the range: garnet 20–30%, sillimanite 5–20%, [etc.]. 1985 R. S. Thorpe & G. C. Brown Field Descr. Igneous Rocks iv. 28/2 The following terms may be used to describe the characteristics of..the major minerals present within the mode or norm of an igneous rock. 6. Philosophy. a. A manner or state of being of a thing; a thing considered as possessing certain non-essential attributes which may be changed without destroying its identity. Also: an attribute or quality of a substance.Cf. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > mode or form of existence formc1310 affection?1543 modification1644 notion1649 mode1668 modus1675 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute > of a substance mood1666 mode1668 modus1675 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > mode of being modification1644 mode1668 modus1675 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. i. 26 Such things as..require a subject of inhesion..are indeed nothing but the modes of Substance. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. Proem 5 Finite Ens or Being may be distributed into substance or Mode... Mode is not a complete ens or being, neither is it a mere nonentitie or nothing. 1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV 6 Moralitie is a mode not physically or intrinsecally inherent in human acts. a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) i. 143 That a Spirit is not an Accident or Mode of Substance, all in a manner profess. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. ii. §3 The next sort of objects which are represented in our ideas, are called modes, or manners of being. 1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Spinozism Since the mode is not really distinct from the substance modified. 1781 W. Cowper Anti-Thelypthora 42 That substances and modes of every kind Are mere impressions on the passive mind. a1872 E. Atherstone Love, Poetry, Philos., & Gout i. ii, in Dramatic Wks. (1888) 202 Doubtless thou hast learned Of such things to discourse as of a Mode—A Substance—Being, or Not Being,—Words—Cases—and Tenses—mere indifferent things Taught with thy grammar, logic, rhetoric. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 279/1 A slight analysis of the constituents of objects to which we attribute beauty shows that there are at least three distinct modes of this attribute, namely (1) sensuous beauty, [etc.]. 1954 E. H. Ziegelmeyer tr. L. De Raeymaeker Philos. of Being xii. 329 The value of being..is unique and absolute, whereas the modes are multiple and relative. b. In J. Locke's use: a complex idea which denotes neither a substance nor a relation. mixed mode n. a mode formed by the combination of different simple ideas. simple mode n. a mode formed by the repetition of the same simple idea. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > Lockianism > elements of idea1649 mode1671 reflection1690 presentmenta1842 presentation1849 infusion1857 1671 J. Locke Ess.: Draft B (1931) 120 The several sorts of Complex Ideas are these following: 2° The Complex Ideas of Substances... The Complex Ideas of Modes, which are of some one simple idea considered as chief, and other simple ideas considered as modifying it. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xii. 73 Modes I call such complex Ideas, which however compounded, contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as Dependences on, or Affections of Substances; such are the Ideas signified by the words Triangle, Gratitude, Murther. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xii. 74 Of these Modes, there are two sorts, which deserve distinct consideration. First, There are some which are only variations, or different combinations of the same simple Idea... And these I call simple Modes... Secondly, There are others compounded of simple Ideas of several kinds... And these I call mixed Modes. 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. viii. 56 The idea of duration and of its simple modes is got merely from the train and succession of our ideas. 1887 Mind 12 169 What we choose to call sensation, presentation or actuality, is already a mixed mode. 1977 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 35 356 Borrowing an apt expression from John Locke, I want to characterize this statement, and all others relevantly similar to it, as a preceptual statement in a mixed mode. II. In senses derived from French. 7. a. A prevailing fashion, custom, practice, or style, esp. one characteristic of a particular place or period. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > custom of a society or group i-wunec888 thewc893 wise971 law of (the) landc1175 customa1200 wonec1200 tidingc1275 orderc1300 usancea1325 usagec1330 usea1393 guisea1400 spacec1400 stylec1430 rite1467 fashion1490 frequentation1525 institution1551 tradition1597 mode1642 shibboleth1804 dastur1888 praxis1892 1642 J. Howell Forraine Travell xv. 191 He is the discreetest Traveller, who savoureth of no affectation, or strangenesse, of no exotique modes at all. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xxxviii. 42 He is also good at Larding of meat after the mode of France. 1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant 149 A Tyrannie after the Turkish mode, a Monarchy seignioral. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 474 Gods Altar to disparage and displace For one of Syrian mode . View more context for this quotation 1680 Don Tomazo sig. E3 So that, after the mode of Princes, Tomazo soon found a flaw i'th' Treaty, and was resolv'd to venture a breach. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 21 Nov. (1965) I. 282 They are..dress'd after the French and English modes. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. x. 137 'Tis the mode to live high, to spend more than we get. 1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. ii. 10 They were laced..down the back, and at the seams of the sides, &c., in the mode of King William's reign. 1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. lviii. 249 These people..have much in their modes as well as in their manners, to enlist the attention. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 69 We are grown To be a sort of dandies in religion, Affecting the last mode. 1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 7/1 In the neckwear departments the racks are hung..with madeup collars which attest the prevailing mode. 1979 PN Rev. 12 1/1 Anyone who casts an eye on the past, its modes and customs—even, sometimes, its literature—is likely to be accused, sooner or later, of living in it. 1990 Correspondent Mag. 17 Sept. 33/3 The fashion for see-through, pioneered by Yves Saint Laurent, came in and the mode for active wear took hold. †b. Probably: something fashionable, a fashionable item of clothing. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1841 Countess of Blessington Idler in France I. v. 66 Oh, the misery of trying on a new mode for the first time, and before a stranger! 8. a. With the: the fashion in dress, manners, etiquette, etc., prevailing in society at a particular time. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > the or a prevailing fashion gentryc1400 the fashion1569 mainstream1599 the trim1603 mood1646 mode1649 vogue1649 beauty1653 à la mode1654 turn1695 the kick1699 goût1717 thing1734 taste1739 ton1769 nick1788 the tippy1790 twig1811 latest1814 dernier mot1834 ticket1838 kibosh1880 last cry1887 le (or the) dernier cri1896 flavour of the month (or week)1946 vague1962 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > of specific period or time mode1649 order of the day1791 fashion1821 1649 Duke of Newcastle Country Captaine i. 11 Wee are governd by the mode, as waters by the moone. a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 354 Some of our Company were flouted at for wearing red Cloakes, as then the mode was. 1662 Duchess of Newcastle Matrimonial Trouble i. iv. xxxiii, in Playes Written 447 Wanton. Lord, Lady Procurer, how are you drest to day in a most careless fashion? Procurer. It is the mode, it is the mode to go undrest. 1673 J. Dryden Assignation Prol. sig. A5^v But, Gentlemen, you overdo the Mode. 1697 K. Chetwood Life Virgil in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. 4^v The Devotion..was their Interest, and, which sometimes avails more, it was the Mode. 1706 J. Addison Rosamond* iii. iv It suits a person in my station T' observe the mode, and be in fashion. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) v The mode she fixes by the gown she wears. 1850 J. G. Saxe Poems 120 Slaves to the Mode, who pinch the aching waist And mend God's image to the Gallic taste. 1898 W. E. Henley Barmaid in London Types Cheaply the mode she shadows. 1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons xxxiii. 470 Those whom he remembered..were congenially occupied with the new outdoor life which had come to be the mode since his boyhood. 1987 A. R. Morden Elem. Marketing xi. 140 Products like jeans, cola drinks, music,..which become the mode, the ‘in thing’. †b. all the mode: applied to something having general but usually short-lived popularity. Similarly much the mode. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [adjective] in (also into) request?1574 bonfacion1584 fashional?1607 of request1613 fashionablea1627 à la mode1642 all the mode1651 modish1661 in mode1664 timeish1676 of vogue1678 voguea1695 mody1701 alamodic1753 much the mode1767 tonish1778 go1784 stylish1800 bang-up1810 tippy1810 varmint1823 up to the knocker1844 gyvera1866 OK1869 fly1879 swagger1879 doggy1885 faddy1885 fantoosh1920 voguish1927 voguey1928 à la page1930 go1937 hard1938 hip1939 down1952 swinging1958 a-go-go1960 way-in1960 yé-yé1960 trendy1962 with-it1962 go-go1963 happening1965 mod1965 funky1967 together1968 fash1977 cred1987 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > popularity > popular [phrase] in (also out of) vogue1643 all the mode1651 much the mode1767 1651 H. Vaughan Olor Iscanus 20 Since a Labell fixt to thy fair Hearse Is all the Mode. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 25 This Tree is now all the mode for the Avenues to their Countrey palaces in France. 1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 Characters 5/2 Monsieur de Belleisle was then much the mode, being spoken of both at court and at Paris. 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 40 What do you take to be the most fashionable age about town? Hast. Some time ago, forty was all the mode. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 408 In a few months experimental science became all the mode. 1881 Macmillan's Mag. Mar. 403 Sheer lyricism just now is over much the mode. c. in the mode (also in mode): in customary use, in fashion. Similarly out of (the) mode. Now archaic and literary. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [adjective] in (also into) request?1574 bonfacion1584 fashional?1607 of request1613 fashionablea1627 à la mode1642 all the mode1651 modish1661 in mode1664 timeish1676 of vogue1678 voguea1695 mody1701 alamodic1753 much the mode1767 tonish1778 go1784 stylish1800 bang-up1810 tippy1810 varmint1823 up to the knocker1844 gyvera1866 OK1869 fly1879 swagger1879 doggy1885 faddy1885 fantoosh1920 voguish1927 voguey1928 à la page1930 go1937 hard1938 hip1939 down1952 swinging1958 a-go-go1960 way-in1960 yé-yé1960 trendy1962 with-it1962 go-go1963 happening1965 mod1965 funky1967 together1968 fash1977 cred1987 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > prevalent in mode1664 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > not practised or used > not in customary use uncurrenta1616 unfashionable1659 out of (the) mode1664 demoded1885 dismoded1898 1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 538 I will have you wait on me at such a meeting, though your cloaths be old or out of the mode. 1672 J. Cresset in New-Eng. Historical & Geneal. Reg. (1868) XXII. 83 Whenthey have come to Town, they must presently be in the mode, get fine clothes. 1675 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 2) ix. 163 The white Shock-Rabbit of Turkie is..now become the most in Mode. 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 117 Why Tom, you are high in the Mode. 1760 B. Franklin Let. 13 Sept. in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1769) 456 If I would finish my letter in the mode, I should yet add something that means nothing. 1858 Harper's Mag. May 830/1 At any rate, card-playing is greatly out of mode: about that there can be no doubt. 1876 H. Melville Clarel II. iv. xxviii. 550 Nor rare thing is it in French Jew, Cast among strangers..To cut old grandsire Abraham As out of mode. 1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey ii. iv. 151 Would it not be more in the mode, really dramatic—if one ‘went over the deep end,’ as they said, just once? 1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xvi. 139 In a made-over dress all neatly about five years out of mode. †9. a. (Without article.) Conventional usage in dress, manners, etc., esp. as observed among fashionable people. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > convention > conventional usage mode1668 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > style or quality of fashion1604 mode1668 bon-ton1747 haut ton1801 swellism1840 West Endism1841 swellishness1863 toffishness1873 mundanity1892 swellness1894 1668 Duchess of Newcastle Bridals v. iii. 76 in Plays Be you in the Torrid Zone of Mode, in Speech, Behaviour and Accoustrements, and let your Garments be so rich, as to shine in Gold and Silver. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables i. 2 We are to prefer..the Blessings of Providence before..the splendid Curiosities of Mode and Imagination. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 6. ⁋4 Is there anything so just, as that Mode and Gallantry should be built upon exerting ourselves in what is proper and agreeable to the Institutions of Justice and Piety among us? 1789 T. Jefferson Let. 8 Jan. in Papers (1958) XIV. 421 Those sentiments became a matter of mode. 1827 T. Carlyle Richter in Edinb. Rev. June 195 Over which the vicissitudes of mode have no sway. 1894 A. C. Hillier in 2nd Bk. Rhymers' Club 80 We know that way they have of old, For it is mode in Opera-land. b. of mode: (following a noun) fashionable, in fashion; chiefly in man of mode. Cf. fashion n. 12. Obsolete (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [adjective] townishc1450 of mode1676 fashionable1712 smart1719 high-lifed1733 social1741 high-lived1757 West Endish1855 Fifth Avenue1858 mundane1904 societified1912 Park Avenue1923 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male gallant1388 wamfler15.. rutter1506 younkera1522 fine gentleman1575 cavalier1589 whisker1595 jinglespur1604 bravery1616 brisk1621 chevalier1630 man about town1647 man of mode1676 man of distinction1699 sprag1707 sparky1756 blood1763 swell1786 Corinthian1819 galliard1828 mondain1833 toff1851 flâneur1854 Johnny1883 silver-tail1898 knut1911 lounge lizard1918 old buster1919 Hooray Henry1959 1676 G. Etherege (title) The Man of Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter. 1677 A. Behn Town-fopp v. ii. 66 Since Marriage but a larger Licence is For every Fopp of Mode to keep a Miss. 1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 28 The man of Mode here in Town. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 119. ¶3 If after this we look on the People of Mode in the Country, we find in them the Manners of the last Age. c1740 Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xiii. 113 The choice Spirits of these Days, the Men of Mode in Politicks. 1903 J. Davidson Knight of Maypole iii. 75 I fear I must have lived too long afar from towns..since my speech Is like an outland tongue to men of mode Accomplished in the converse of the world. †c. A fashionable person or thing; something which sets the fashion. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > one who or that which sets fashion mode1712 blood1763 fashionist1815 trend-setter1960 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 478. ¶9 Every one who is considerable enough to be a Mode. 1818 Lady Morgan in Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 48 I shall send two dressed dolls for the two babies, as modes. †10. a. A light, glossy, black silk (also mode silk); = à la mode n. 2. Frequently attributive. Obsolete (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > with glossy or shiny surface > black à la mode1653 alamode silk1686 mode1725 vellum mode- 1725 R. Parke Let. Oct. in K. Miller et al. Irish Immigrants in Land of Canaan (2003) 80 6 yards of white Mode. 1751 J. MacSparran Diary (1899) 407 A la mode (or mode) was a thin, glossy silk, used for hoods, scarfs, &c. 1764 T. Turner Diary 25 May (1984) (modernized text) 294 1 mode band, 4 Italian crepe do. 1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-house 429 33¾ yards figured mode. 1778 Ann. Reg. 1777 213/1 A black silk mode cloak and other apparel. 1795 Edinb. Advertiser 6 Jan. 15/1 A Variety of Articles in the Haberdashery line..consisting of Modes,..Vellum Modes,..Sattins, &c. 1804 Sydney Gaz. 1 Apr. 4 Stolen,..A Black Mode cloak..1 Black Mode Bonnet and 1 ditto laced. 1819 J. H. Vaux Memoirs I. 119 I began my depredations by taking a piece of elegant black mode. 1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 55 Her close black bonnet of that silk which once..was fashionable, since it is still called mode. a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. ii. 10 She had on a black mode cloak that had been her mother's. 1900 E. V. Boyle Seven Gardens & Palace (ed. 3) 271 Her train of soft black mode silk she held up at the back as she walked. b. Probably: a garment made of this fabric. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > made from specific material > silk > types of sendala1225 samite?a1366 paduasoy1588 mode1847 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. iii. 61 Brocaded and hooped petticoats, satin sacques, black modes, lace lappets, &c. 11. Lacemaking. In plural. Fancy stitches or patterns used to fill enclosed spaces in a design. Also in singular: an example of such work. Cf. jour n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > pattern toilé1861 mode1865 1865 F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace iii. 27 The open work stitches introduced into the patterns are called ‘modes’, ‘jours’. 1882 A. S. Cole in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 185/2 The use of meshed grounds extended [1650–1720], and grounds composed entirely of varieties of modes were made. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 348/2 Modes. A term used in Lace making to denote the open work Fillings between the thick parts of the design. 1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making iv. 15 In the center of the rose is the Suchainette mode or filling. 12. [Shortened form of French gris mode fashion grey.] Any of several shades of grey (see quot. 1930). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > other greys mode1868 elephant1875 zinc-grey1881 elephant-grey1896 peacock-grey1935 1868 Galaxy Aug. 197 My silk gown was mode-colored. 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 125/3 Kid gloves... Colors: Black, brown, tan, mode, slate. 1930 A. Maerz & M. R. Paul Dict. Color 167/1 Mode..was a term used in the nineteenth century to indicate a class of colors..usually on the pale order, running from neutral grays to strongly tinted greys of all hues... The old pattern books contain hundreds of samples of different colors, of every conceivable hue, all called ‘Mode’. 1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 224/2 Mode.., pale, bluish-gray color, sometimes drab. 13. Statistics. a. The value, or range of values, of a variable which occurs most frequently in a set of data, etc. Cf. mean n.³ 10a, median n.² 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > measures of central tendency meanc1450 median1784 mode1895 1895 K. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 345 I have found it convenient to use the term mode for the abscissa corresponding to the ordinate of maximum frequency. Thus the ‘mean’, the ‘mode’, and the ‘median’ have all distinct characters. 1906 R. H. Lock Rec. Progress Study Variation 89 When dealing with a symmetrical curve the position of the mode is identical with that of the median. 1948 L. D. Crow & A. Crow Educ. Psychol. xx. 393 The score in a given set of data that appears most frequently is called the mode. 1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 123 87 The Kuhlman–Anderson scores for the one group of Ss from a fifth-grade class yielded a mean of 93·91, a range of 46, a median of 93, and a mode of 92. 1992 Independent 6 Jan. 18/7 Even allowing for some element of skewness, all three forms of average—mean, median and mode—will be so close together as to make little difference. b. A local maximum (often one of several) in a curve or distribution. ΚΠ 1902 Biometrika 1 305 A frequency distribution with more than one true mode is multi-modal. 1972 R. B. Cain Elem. Statist. Concepts xix. 163 The Pearsonian coefficient of skewness brings out the relation between the mean and the median in a skewed distribution which has exactly one mode. 2012 K. D. Toennies Guide Med. Image Anal. vii. 224 Bradley and Fayyad..used modes of an estimated density function. †III. Other uses. 14. Heraldry. In plural. Flowers of a single colour (see quot. 1688). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 117/1 Modes, or self coloured flowers. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 4c). mode switch n. ΚΠ 1977 Rolling Stone 5 May 80/2 There's the ‘mode switch’. This handy-dandy five- or six-position switch lets you listen to the left channel only, the right channel only, [etc.]. 1985 Truck & Driver June 6/2 I start the watch when I turn the mode switch to driving, stopping it when I change to other duties. C2. † mode-book n. Obsolete rare = fashion-book n. at fashion n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > current or prevailing > fashion book fashion-book1840 mode-book1860 1860 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne in New Monthly Mag. Mar. 275 Her head-dress..was like nothing in the mode book or out of it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † modev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mode n. Etymology: < mode n. Obsolete. rare. 1. intransitive. To be or become the fashion. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [verb (intransitive)] mode1654 to come in1680 to come up1704 to come to town1905 to hang five, ten1962 1654 [see moding adj. at Derivatives]. 1663 Cup of Coffee (single sheet) Pure English Apes! ye may, for aught I know, Would it but mode, learn to eat Spiders too. 2. a. transitive. To put (a person) into fashionable clothing. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments > other wimple?c1225 pricka1275 clothe1382 addressa1393 haspc1400 to-cloutc1430 shirtc1450 gownc1485 tuft1535 passement1539 kerchief1600 muff1607 inshirt1611 insmock1611 mode1656 costume1802 slop1803 shawl1812 cravat1818 sur-invest1827 frock1828 pinafore1843 smock1847 panoply1851 underclothe1857 upholster1873 fancy dress1878 sleeve1887 to suit up1912 crinoline1915 1656 T. Blount Glossographia To Rdr. sig. A ij^v In London many of the Tradesmen have new Dialects... The Taylor is ready to mode you into a Rochet, Mandillion [etc.]. b. transitive. With it: to follow the fashion. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [verb (intransitive)] > follow fashion to be in the fashion1569 modea1661 to be with it1931 swing1957 to get with it1961 a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Sussex 102 He was accounted..somewhat Clownish..partly, because he could not mode it with the Italians. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Warwick. 119 He could not Mode it, or comport, either with French ficleness, or Italian pride. Derivatives moding adj. ΚΠ 1654 T. Blount Acad. Eloquence 230 If you write to any of these [sc. Marchionesses, Countesses, etc.], the title Madam, is very moding, both at the beginning and end of your Letter. 1665 J. Crowne Pandion & Amphigenia To Rdr. sig. A5 To pass thorough France, and there to have adapted my tongue and pen to the moding complements wherewith that Ceremonious Nation so neatly give the lye to themselves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1400v.1654
随便看	psalmdroner psalmed psalmexpounder psalmic psalming psalmist psalmist-like psalmister psalmistlike psalmistry psalmists psalmless psalmmaker psalmodial psalmodic psalmodical psalmodies psalmodise psalmodised psalmodises psalmodising psalmodist psalmodists psalmodize psalmodized

moden.

Compounds

† modev.

Derivatives