monophyleticadj.

Brit.

/ˌmɒnə(ʊ)fʌɪˈlɛtɪk/, U.S.

/ˌmɑnəˌfaɪˈlɛdɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: mono- comb. form, phyletic adj.

Etymology: < mono- comb. form + phyletic adj., after German Monophylet, noun ( Haeckel Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte (1868) xix. 511). Compare French monophylétique (1874 in a translation of Haeckel). Compare slightly later polyphyletic adj.

Biology.

Of a group or taxon: descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group; (also, esp. in cladistics) including all and only the descendants of a common ancestor or ancestral group (= holophyletic adj.). Of a classification scheme: employing such taxa. Cf. polyphyletic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor

pure1569

truly1650

thoroughbred1719

thorough-blood1774

monogeneous1857

genetic1860

monogenous1866

homogenetic1870

homogenetical1870

homogenous1870

monophyletic1874

clean-bred1882

homodemic1883

homophylic1883

homosystemic1883

line-bred1891

synepigonic1904

cladistic1960

1874 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 14 247 Monophyletic stem-structure of the Animal Kingdom.

1927 N. P. Williams Ideas of Fall & Orig. Sin viii. 516 The ‘monophyletic’ theory of the origin of humanity (that is, the view which regards the whole of mankind as descended from a single pair of ancestors).

1946 Nature 16 Nov. 719/1 This clear distinction between the genera at so deep a level in the Palæocene is not suggestive of a monophyletic origin for the family.

1953 E. Mayr et al. Methods & Princ. Systematic Zool. iii. 41 One of the objects of taxonomists in the post-Darwinian period was to construct a classification of animals composed of monophyletic groups.

1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) i. 3/1 Polyphyletic taxa..are to be avoided, and should be broken down into monophyletic taxa.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 130 Several of the taxa, especially large ones like Bryophyta, are almost certainly not monophyletic.

Derivatives

monophyˈletically adv.

ΚΠ

1950 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 234 179 Regarding the relation between Scleractinia and Rugosa, he maintains that the former arose monophyletically from the plerophyllids of late Palaeozoic time.

1973 Nature 23 Mar. 284/1 It is possible that all living organisms might have evolved from some primitive form (monophyletically).

1994 Nature 7 Apr. 507/1 By 1981, most workers believed that all tetrapods were derived monophyletically from within or near the osteolepiforms.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monophyletic
释义	monophyleticadj. Brit. /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)fʌɪˈlɛtɪk/, U.S. /ˌmɑnəˌfaɪˈlɛdɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: mono- comb. form, phyletic adj. Etymology: < mono- comb. form + phyletic adj., after German Monophylet, noun ( Haeckel Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte (1868) xix. 511). Compare French monophylétique (1874 in a translation of Haeckel). Compare slightly later polyphyletic adj. Biology. Of a group or taxon: descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group; (also, esp. in cladistics) including all and only the descendants of a common ancestor or ancestral group (= holophyletic adj.). Of a classification scheme: employing such taxa. Cf. polyphyletic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor pure1569 truly1650 thoroughbred1719 thorough-blood1774 monogeneous1857 genetic1860 monogenous1866 homogenetic1870 homogenetical1870 homogenous1870 monophyletic1874 clean-bred1882 homodemic1883 homophylic1883 homosystemic1883 line-bred1891 synepigonic1904 cladistic1960 1874 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 14 247 Monophyletic stem-structure of the Animal Kingdom. 1927 N. P. Williams Ideas of Fall & Orig. Sin viii. 516 The ‘monophyletic’ theory of the origin of humanity (that is, the view which regards the whole of mankind as descended from a single pair of ancestors). 1946 Nature 16 Nov. 719/1 This clear distinction between the genera at so deep a level in the Palæocene is not suggestive of a monophyletic origin for the family. 1953 E. Mayr et al. Methods & Princ. Systematic Zool. iii. 41 One of the objects of taxonomists in the post-Darwinian period was to construct a classification of animals composed of monophyletic groups. 1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) i. 3/1 Polyphyletic taxa..are to be avoided, and should be broken down into monophyletic taxa. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 130 Several of the taxa, especially large ones like Bryophyta, are almost certainly not monophyletic. Derivatives monophyˈletically adv. ΚΠ 1950 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 234 179 Regarding the relation between Scleractinia and Rugosa, he maintains that the former arose monophyletically from the plerophyllids of late Palaeozoic time. 1973 Nature 23 Mar. 284/1 It is possible that all living organisms might have evolved from some primitive form (monophyletically). 1994 Nature 7 Apr. 507/1 By 1981, most workers believed that all tetrapods were derived monophyletically from within or near the osteolepiforms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1874
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