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单词 mitch
释义

mitchn.1

Forms: Middle English mycche, Middle English–1500s myche, Middle English–1600s miche, 1800s mitch.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French miche.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French miche small loaf of white bread (c1180) < post-classical Latin micca small loaf (1485 in a document cited by Du Cange, but almost certainly earlier; compare Italian regional (northern) micca loaf, bread roll), variant of classical Latin mīca (see mica n.; in post-classical Latin also denoting a small loaf, from 12th cent. in British and continental sources).Middle Dutch micke roll made with rye flour (Dutch mik rye and wheat loaf), West Frisian mik rye and wheat roll, and Middle Low German mikke small white loaf are probably loans < Old French rather than directly < classical Latin mīca or its post-classical Latin variant micca. Compare occasional reborrowing of French miche (in sense ‘round loaf’):1961 T. Henrot Belgium 189 Small rolls are either Viennois, miches or, quaintly, pistolets.1983 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 6 Apr. c2/5 I use it to make the rustic, thick-crusted round loaves called pain de campagne, or miche, in France.
Obsolete (historical in later use).
A small loaf of bread.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun]
loafc950
mitch1282
breadc1400
panifice1656
1282 in J. L. Fisher Medieval Farming Gloss. (1968) 23/2 Miche.
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 296 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 227 Twelf ȝwite Miches [v.r. loues] men brynguth us.
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 83 (MED) He sal sitte in helle flitte Wiþ oute wyn and miche.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 5585 He that at mycches [Fr. miches] tweyne Ne valued is in his demeigne.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxvi. 598 The lorde of Verby sent hym wyne largely, and thretie myches therwith.
a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) I. 40 Fifty loafes called miches.
1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. xxxvi. 26 His pittance of mitches and convent ale.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

mitchn.2

Brit. /mɪtʃ/, U.S. /mɪtʃ/, Scottish English /mɪtʃ/
Forms: late Middle English miches (plural), late Middle English michies (plural), late Middle English–1500s mychys (plural), 1500s meche, 1500s myches (plural), 1600s (1900s– Scottish) mitch.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch mic.
Etymology: Apparently < Middle Dutch mic, mik, micke (see mike n.2), although this leaves the final consonant cluster in English unexplained. Compare meck n., mitch-board n. Compare also earlier mike n.2 and note at that entry.With variation between spellings in -e- and -i- compare meck n.
Nautical. Now Scottish regional.
(A part of) a mounting for a piece of machinery or equipment, esp. a support for a gun, etc.The precise nature of the mitch is uncertain (see A. L. Blackmore, Armouries of the Tower of London (1976) I. 234). In some contexts it may represent a forked swivel-mounting (e.g. for the chamber of light guns), and in others a simpler device for securing a gun-chamber, etc., in position. Cf. mike n.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > wedge to raise or lower gun
mitch1481
coin1622
quoin1627
gunner's coin1779
coign1862
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > other parts of body of vessel > [noun] > opening in deck > vertical aperture > for a pump
mitch1481
well1611
well-room1765
well hole1774
1481 J. Balsall Purser's Acct. in Camden Misc. (1969) XXIII. 25 Ffor mychys & fforlokys & the bondys that perteyneth to the gownes.
1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 157 Miches with a swivell a bolte & Ryng belongyng to the Ingyn to draw water owte of the seid dokke.
1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 261 Yron worke for xx of the seid gonnes that is to say xx miches xx boltes & xx forelokes.
1495 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 207 (MED) Stone gonnes of yron in the Wast of the seid Shipp with miches & forlokkes to the same, xx.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 209 Michies with a swevell a bolt & a ryng of yron belongyng to the Ingynne to draw water at the Dokke.
1514 Lett. & Papers Henry VIII (MS) I. 4968 Every chamber having one meche and one forlock.
?a1549 Inventory Henry VIII (1998) I. 135/2 Myches of yrone.
1617 Ordnance Inventory in H. L. Blackmore Armouries of Tower of London (1976) I. 283 Screwes and mitches to mount ordnance.
1903 Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 135/2 [Caithness] Mitch, the support near the stern of a large boat, on which the mast rests when lowered.
1972 J. Ross Select. Caithness Dial. Words in D. Omand Caithness Bk. 251 Mitch, the crutch on which the mast of a fishing-boat rested when it was horizontal.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mitchv.

Brit. /mɪtʃ/, U.S. /mɪtʃ/
Forms: Middle English–1500s 1800s mych, Middle English–1500s 1800s myche, Middle English– mich, Middle English– miche, 1500s 1800s– mitch, 1500s–1600s mitche; also Scottish pre-1700 myth (probably transmission error); Irish English 1800s myche, 1900s– mytch.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymons: French muscer, mucier, muchier.
Etymology: Apparently < Anglo-Norman muscer, muscier, mucer, mucier, muscher and Old French mucier, (chiefly Picardy and north-eastern) muchier to hide, conceal (oneself): see meuse n. Compare meech v. and mooch v. Compare also earlier mitcher n.An alternative etymology has been suggested from an unattested Old English noun *mycan cognate with Old High German mūhhāri robber, highwayman, though this is probably less likely.
Now regional.
1. transitive and intransitive. To pilfer. Now rare (English regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > petty theft or pilfering > pilfer [verb (transitive)]
mitcha1393
pelfa1400
purloinc1475
prowl?1529
finger1530
pilfer1532
lurchc1565
filch1567
filch1574
proloyne1581
nim1606
hook1615
truff1718
snaffle1725
crib1735
pettifog1759
magg1762
niffle1785
cabbage1793
weed1811
nibble1819
cab1825
smouch1826
snuga1859
mooch1862
attract1891
souvenir1897
rat1906
snipe1909
promote1918
salvage1918
smooch1941
a1393 [implied in: J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 6525 For noman of his conseil knoweth What he mai gete of his Michinge. (at mitching n. 1)].
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 337/1 Mychyn, or pryuely stelyn smale thyngys.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. liii. 94/1 That he myght haue myched or deled the moneye awaye, for he bare the purce.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ki/2 To Mych, suffurari.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Liv/2 To Pilch, miche, suffurari.
1868 R. W. Huntley Gloss. Cotswold (Gloucs.) Dial. Miche, Myche,..to pilfer.
2.
a. intransitive. To shrink or retire from view; to lurk out of sight; to skulk.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] > remain in hiding
lurkc1300
to hide one's headc1475
mitch1558
nestle1567
to lie at (on, upon the) lurch1578
to lay low1600
skulk1626
squat1658
to lie by1709
hide1872
to hole up1875
to lie low1880
to lie (also play) doggo1882
to hide out1884
to put the lid on1966
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > lurking, skulking > lurk, skulk [verb (intransitive)]
loutc825
atlutienc1000
darec1000
lotea1200
skulk?c1225
lurkc1300
luskc1330
tapisc1330
lurchc1420
filsnec1440
lour?c1450
slink?c1550
mitch1558
jouk1575
scout1577
scult1622
meecha1625
tappy1706
slive1707
slinge1747
snake1818
cavern1860
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid (1573) v. sig. O.ijv To woods, and mountayn caues, and holes of rocks they miching ronne.
1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 193v Myche where thou mayst vnspyde.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 72 What doe ye forge? wherefore thus vaynely in land Lybye mitche you?
1605 Famous Hist. Capt. Stukeley sig. D3 Then will we not come miching thus by night, But charge the towne and winne it by day light.
1689 Irish Hudibras 24 But Nees, while though art mitching here, Thou little dreams of thy Pi-peer.
1728 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. To Miche, to stand off, to hang back.
1871 J. Hartley Halifax Clock Almanack May Th' chap myched off.
1935 E. R. Eddison Mistress ix. 166 A likely lad with..a good habit of miching round by unseen ways.
1960 A. Clarke Later Poems (1961) 84 I mitched from miracles.
b. intransitive. To absent oneself without authority; (esp.) to play truant from school. Frequently with from, off. Also (occasionally) transitive. Now British regional and Irish English.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > absence > be absent [verb (intransitive)] > be absent without leave
mitch1580
truant1580
mooch1622
meech1624
to play truant1887
society > education > learning > learner > [verb (intransitive)] > to play truant
to play truant1560
mitch1580
mooch1622
to trig it1796
plunk1808
minch1836
wag1847
to play hookey1848
to hop the wag1861
to play (the) wag1861
to hook Jack1877
to bag school1934
to go on the hop1959
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 29 What made the Gods so often to trewant from Heauen & mych heere on earth, but beautie?
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella xlvi Yet, deare, let me his pardon get of you, So long, though he from book myche to desire, Till without fewell you can make hot fire.
1672 H. Stubbe Rosemary & Bayes 18 Like truant children forsook their school, to go miching after black-berries.
c1806 T. Swift Town Scene in Poet. Reg. (1806–7) 157 On mischief bent, the imps had mitch'd from school.
1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell 6 Wan vomoon Hur mitched vro' schule.
1888 ‘Q’ Astonishing Hist. Troy Town xi. 117 Turn your back, an' they'd be mitchin' in a brace o' shakes.
1900 A. Upward Wonderful Career Ebenezer Lobb 96 The limp and trembling boy..now looked as if he could never mich from Sabbath-school or throw a stone..again.
1907 J. M. Synge Playboy of Western World ii. 42 You're pot-boy in this place, and I'll not have you mitch off from us now.
1984 B. MacLaverty Cal (new ed.) 115 ‘Did you ever mitch school?’ he asked.
1996 G. Linehan & A. Mathews Old Grey Whistle Theft (penultimate draft) in Father Ted (1999) 140/1 Me and a bunch of the other lads.., once we mitched off to see a Dana concert.
c. transitive. To conceal; to huddle up. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (transitive)]
shrinkc1374
shrug1603
mitch1612
huddle1755
scrunch1844
1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares v. sig. K4v Cap.Where found you him? I. My truant was mich't Sir into a blind corner of the Tomb.
3.
a. intransitive. To grumble. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > complain [verb (intransitive)] > secretly
mitch1598
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes To lament..to miche, to grumble closely or show some signe of discontent.
1952 F. C. Brown Coll. N. Carolina Folklore I. 565 Mich, to whimper, to grumble.
b. transitive. With it. To feign poverty. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > be poor [verb (intransitive)] > plead poverty
mitch1611
to make a poor mouth1753
to cry (also play, talk, etc.) poor-mouth1868
poor-mouth1930
to put on (also plead, etc.) the béal bocht1960
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Faire le senaud..to miche it, or a rich man to make shew of pouertie.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11282n.21481v.a1393
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