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单词 mister
释义

mistern.1

Brit. /ˈmɪstə/, U.S. /ˈmɪstər/, Scottish English /ˈmɪstər/
Forms: early Middle English meoster, Middle English mæster, Middle English maister, Middle English maistur (in a late copy), Middle English mayster, Middle English meister, Middle English meistere, Middle English mesteere, Middle English mester, Middle English mestere, Middle English mesterre, Middle English mestire, Middle English mestur, Middle English mestyer, Middle English mestyere, Middle English mestyr, Middle English meyster, Middle English misteir, Middle English mistere, Middle English mistre, Middle English mistyere, Middle English mistyr, Middle English muster, Middle English mystair, Middle English mystier, Middle English mystir, Middle English mystire, Middle English mystre, Middle English mystur, Middle English mystyer, Middle English mystyr, Middle English 1600s mistier, Middle English–1500s mistir, Middle English–1500s mystere, Middle English–1600s mestier, Middle English–1700s myster, Middle English– mister; Scottish pre-1700 maisteir, pre-1700 maystyr, pre-1700 mestare, pre-1700 mester, pre-1700 mestour, pre-1700 mistaire, pre-1700 mistar, pre-1700 mistare, pre-1700 misteire, pre-1700 mistere, pre-1700 misterre, pre-1700 mistir, pre-1700 mistre, pre-1700 mistyr, pre-1700 mysir (transmission error), pre-1700 mystair, pre-1700 mystar, pre-1700 mystare, pre-1700 mysteir, pre-1700 mystere, pre-1700 mystir, pre-1700 mystre, pre-1700 mystyr, pre-1700 mystyre, pre-1700 1700s–1800s mister, pre-1700 1800s myster.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mester.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mester, mesteer, mestier, mestre, meister, mister, mistier, mystre, maestere, maistier and Old French mester, mestier, mistier, maistier (Middle French mestier , French métier (1740)) religious service or office (c1000), service, office (end of the 11th cent.), occupation, practice of a profession or art (c1170), skill in a profession (c1300), instrument or tool (c1200), need, necessity (c1140) < post-classical Latin misterium mystery n.2 Compare Old Occitan mestier , mester (both 1126), Catalan mester (1260), Spanish mester (1229), Portuguese mester (1211), Italian mestiere (c1250). Compare métier n.With the phrase to have mister (of) (see senses 7a, 7c, 9b) compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French aver mestier (de) to need, be in need of (c1140). With the phrase mister is (see sense 8) compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French estre mestier to be necessary (c1140). Several of the Anglo-Norman and Old French forms (e.g. mestre , maestere , maistier , meister ) have apparently been influenced by forms of maistre master n.1 and maistrie mastery n., and a similar influence is likely to have been exerted in Middle English and Older Scots by corresponding forms of master n.1 and mastery n. (compare discussion s.v. mystery n.2). The following example (in sense 4b) seems likewise to have arisen from confusion with master n.1:a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer ii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1679) sig. Yy/1 What Master thing is this? let me survey it. Metrical evidence suggests that stress fell originally on the second syllable, but was later transferred to the first, probably under the influence of mister n.2
Scottish and English regional (Yorkshire) in later use. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete.
I. Occupation, service, etc.
†1. A person's office, duty, business, or function. Usually preceded by possessive adjective. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > duties > [noun]
wikec1000
workOE
wikenc1175
misterc1225
curec1300
officec1330
ward1338
duty1375
parta1382
businessc1400
commissionc1450
besoigne1474
roomth?1504
function1533
exercitation1737
pidgin1807
job1841
biz1862
c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 22 (MED) Mi meoster [c1225 Royal mester] is to do riht forte demen.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 58 Halde vhan his aȝe mester. & naut ne reaui oðeres.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 212 Marthe meoster is to feden poure & schruden as hus leafdi.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 478 Rihtes mester hit is and wes; In vche dom pees to maken.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2154 (MED) Sem had fiue suns sere; Of an to spek es our mistere.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6976 I am somtyme messager, That fallith not to my myster.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 352 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 309 Now speke we wylle of officiers Of court, and als of hor mestiers.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 3588 Wit..kend him with ane souerane slycht For to knaw the points all That euer may to that mister fall.
†2. An employment or occupation; a practice. to do (also use) —— misters: to be employed in a specified manner. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > [noun]
mister?c1225
studyc1350
occupation?1387
businessc1405
entermise1490
occupying1548
banking1660
improvement1670
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 68 Þus ha beoð aa bisie in þis fule meoster.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 536 And ðe fifte hundred ger, Wapmen bi-gunnen quad mester, Bi-twen hem-seluen hun-wreste plage.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 29319 Þe tent [case of cursing] es of þis okerers þat openli dose sli misters.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 11576 (MED) We haue now al þis fyue ȝer Lyued in lechours mester.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 414 Thai maid knychtis, as it efferis To men that oysis thai mysteris.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 65 Vlfyn..thow knowest wele what longeth to soche mystere; I pray the helpe me..and speke so to hir.
1532 (?a1400) Romaunt Rose 7407 (MED) And FalsSemblant..[Had], as it were for such mister, Don on the cope of a frer.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 2481 Quhat tua thingis dois ȝow to dre Sorrow..In the mister of lufing?
†3. A trade, a profession; a craft, a skill. man of mister n. a craftsman (cf. sense 4). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > craft
crafteOE
craftworkOE
handcraftOE
mister?c1225
cunning1340
arta1393
mysterya1400
sciencec1485
handicraft1523
mechanic1604
magistery1647
tradecraft1842
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 158 Ha [sc. jugglers] biforen hond leorneð hare meoster to makien grim chere.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 549 (MED) We beþ kniȝtes ȝonge..& of vre mestere So is þe manere Wiþ sume oþere kniȝte Wel for his lemman fiȝte Or he eni wif take.
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 613 In youthe he hadde lerned a good myster; He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1692 Of hem that ben Artificiers, Whiche usen craftes and mestiers.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 11840 He..dos him lethes [read leches] for to seke, And þai com bath fra ferr and ner, Þat sliest war o þat mister.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 169 Respons þei gaf him þere, ‘þei were men of mistere’.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 27 For to mayntene the noble mestier of armes.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 106 Every man schold apply hymselfe to hys mystere & craft.
1613 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. i. 11 As one who well knew his mistier.
4. attributive (and in the genitive).
†a. mister man n. (also misters man) Obsolete a craftsman or person having a particular trade or occupation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun]
churla800
werec900
rinkeOE
wapmanc950
heOE
wyeOE
gomeOE
ledeOE
seggeOE
shalkOE
manOE
carmanlOE
mother bairnc1225
hemea1250
mother sona1250
hind1297
buck1303
mister mana1325
piecec1325
groomc1330
man of mouldc1330
hathela1350
sire1362
malea1382
fellowa1393
guestc1394
sergeant?a1400
tailarda1400
tulka1400
harlotc1405
mother's sona1470
frekea1475
her1488
masculinea1500
gentlemana1513
horse?a1513
mutton?a1513
merchant1549
child1551
dick1553
sorrya1555
knavea1556
dandiprat1556
cove1567
rat1571
manling1573
bird1575
stone-horse1580
loona1586
shaver1592
slave1592
copemate1593
tit1594
dog1597
hima1599
prick1598
dingle-dangle1605
jade1608
dildoa1616
Roger1631
Johnny1648
boy1651
cod1653
cully1676
son of a bitch1697
cull1698
feller1699
chap1704
buff1708
son of a gun1708
buffer1749
codger1750
Mr1753
he-man1758
fella1778
gilla1790
gloak1795
joker1811
gory1819
covey1821
chappie1822
Charley1825
hombre1832
brother-man1839
rooster1840
blokie1841
hoss1843
Joe1846
guy1847
plug1848
chal1851
rye1851
omee1859
bloke1861
guffin1862
gadgie1865
mug1865
kerel1873
stiff1882
snoozer1884
geezer1885
josser1886
dude1895
gazabo1896
jasper1896
prairie dog1897
sport1897
crow-eater1899
papa1903
gink1906
stud1909
scout1912
head1913
beezer1914
jeff1917
pisser1918
bimbo1919
bozo1920
gee1921
mush1936
rye mush1936
basher1942
okie1943
mugger1945
cat1946
ou1949
tess1952
oke1970
bra1974
muzhik1993
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman
wright?a695
craftyeOE
craftimanOE
craftmanc1275
wroughtc1275
master-mana1325
mister mana1325
craftsmana1382
man of craft1389
artificera1393
handcraftman?c1480
handcraftsman1485
mechanic1509
handcrafta1525
handicraftsman1530
artisana1538
handicraftmana1544
handicraft1547
artsman1551
artist1563
mechanician1570
tradesmana1591
mechanical1600
mechanist1606
Daedal?1614
blue apron1629
Daedalus1631
crafter1643
fitter1648
mystery-man1671
toolsman1821
fundi1860
tradie1912
craftspersona1917
a1325 St. Mary of Egypt (Corpus Cambr.) 13 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 136 (MED) No mester mon non nas inis mester, so prest ne so queinte Þat he[o] nas to bringe men in sunne.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Zuyche reuen, prouost, bedeles, oþre mesteres men, huiche þet hy byeþ.
a1350 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Harl.) 264 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 298 Of alle mester men mest me hongeþ þeues.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 27261 (MED) All mister men wirkand wit handes.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 247 Othere mister men þat brouȝten with hem dyuers instrumentis.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 2 (MED) Now þe myster-man takith his bowe, and woll schete att þe ymage.
b. A type, class, or kind of ——. Now only in interrogative or indefinite clauses, as what mister ——? Cf. manner n. 1. Now English regional (Yorkshire) (rare). [The development of sense appears to have been from phrases like all mister men , what mister man , such a mister man (in sense 4a), which were reanalysed as ‘men of all misters’, ‘a man of what mister’, ‘a man of such a mister’, and subsequently interpreted as meaning ‘men of all classes’, ‘a man of what (such a) class or kind’, ‘what kind of a man’, etc. The idiom occurs as an archaism in Spenser and other writers of the early modern period, from whom it was adopted (but with misapprehension of its meaning) by Pope and Scott.]
ΚΠ
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 506 (MED) Of eche muster men some sholde ysaued beo.
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 1326 Al þi ken schal witen and sen, What mester womman þon hauest iben.
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1710 But telleth me what myster men ye been.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6332 Now am I maister, now scoler, Now monk, now chanoun, now baily; Whatever myster man am I.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 63 (MED) Ayens suich a mister man it is good to haue suich a gorgeer.
a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 60 Mony a mesters-mon of maners dyverse.
c1530 Court of Love 227 Seeing full sundry peple in the place, And mister folk.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ix. sig. H8 To weet, what mister wight was so dismayd.
1593 M. Drayton Idea vii. sig. G4 These mister artes been better fitting thee.
1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes ii. sig. Dv What mister word is that?
1728 A. Pope Dunciad iii. 179 Right well mine eyes arede that myster wight.
1814 W. Scott Waverley I. ix. 117 Sometimes this mister wight held his hands clasped over his head. View more context for this quotation
1872 Yorks. Mag. 2 113/2 In Yorkshire, ‘what mister?’ means what kind.
†5. Skill in a profession; art. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill or art
listOE
craftOE
artc1300
castc1320
misterc1390
mystery1610
c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 547 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 600 (MED) Mester [L. Ars; Fr. le art] wol not fayle þi lyf, Hit nul þe neuere forsake.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 156 And he lepte vp lightly as he that hadde grete mystere.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 444 I haue na myster to matche with maisterfull men.
†6. An instrument or tool. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > [noun]
toolc888
loomc900
ginc1300
instrumentc1392
machinamentc1425
work-loomc1425
oustil1477
mistera1525
appliance1565
device1570
utensil1604
conveniency1660
contrivance1667
ruler1692
machine1707
implements1767
dial1839
dog1859
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 207 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 He couth wryte wounder fair With his neb for mistar.
†II. Need, necessity. Obsolete.
7.
a. Need or want of something specified; esp. in to have mister of. In early use also with to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)]
behovec890
to have mister ofc1300
needa1382
requirec1392
misterc1450
lack1530
note1710
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [noun] > of something
misterc1300
indigence?14..
necessity?a1425
indigencya1620
requirance1662
c1300 Assumption of Virgin (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1901) l. 68 And sike heo broȝte in here bedde. Nas þer non so hol ne fer, Þat to hire nadde mester.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 3428 Ȝou worþ to hem wel gret mister.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 3247 Wit tresur grette and riche ring, Suilk als maiden had of mister.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4718 Was neuer mare mister [a1400 Fairf. meister; a1400 Gött. nede] o bred.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28275 (MED) Þai suld haue to me mister.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 113 (MED) Godd hase na mister of mete [Fr. ne deuoient point pour manger] ne drink.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 180 Yf they have mystre of vs, Lete vs goo helpe & socoure theym.
a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) 6253 Tho which had grett necessite, Both mister and ned vnto som goodnesse.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. v. v. 160 Þe ciete had grete myster of money, havand sa mony armyis to gif wagis to.
1603 Philotus xv. sig. A4v He is richt gude, Ane man of wealth and nobill blude, Bot hes mair mister of ane Hude.
1692 ‘J. Curate’ Sc. Presbyterian Eloquence iv. 114 England, that stands muckle in mister of a Reformation.
b. Without preposition. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20793 (MED) Disput, he saies, es na mister Bituix te wis in swilk a wer.
c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 25 (MED) Oure Lord Ihesu lerres man all þat he hase myster till þe lyfe þat es callid actyfe.
c. to have mister: to need or require to do a specified thing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (intransitive)] > need to do something
to have needOE
to have mistera1400
a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Mister Laued men haues mar mister Godes word forto her Than klerkes.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 67 (MED) I haf ȝerned and ȝat ȝokkez of oxen..to bowe haf I mester, To see hem pulle in þe plow aproche me byhovez.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 186 (MED) He had myster to com home.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 581 To the mownteyne he toke the wey To Rest hyme, all that day, He had myster, to be kyld [= cooled].
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) v. 28 Ve haue mistir to be vigilant ande reddy, sen the terme of cristis cumming is schort.
a1599 R. Rollock Sel. Wks. (1849) I. 301 We have the mair mister to tak tent to thir thingis.
8. Need arising from the circumstances or facts of a case; necessity. mister is (also (it) is mister): it is necessary. Obsolete.In predicative use sometimes adjectival in sense.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [noun] > need arising from the circumstances
needeOE
mistera1325
mist?a1425
occasion1545
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xi. 64 For þat te writes of quo waranto habbez iben longe hanginde, ant for þat me ne couþe noȝt þe issue of hoem ase fur forth ase mister were, [etc.].
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1388 (MED) In his schip was boun Al þat mister ware.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1919 Mete & al maner þing þat hem mister neded.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24810 O siluer and gold giftes to bede, Mar þan mister es to rede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28377 (MED) I ha ben mare Grenand and greueand þan mister ware.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 7373 Helle..es..swa depe..þat it moght kepe Alle þe creatures..Of alle þe world, if myster ware.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 32 I woll encountir with kynge Bors, and ye woll rescow me whan myster ys.
a1500 (?c1400) Song of Roland (1880) 321 And we may son help yf me þink myster.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11815 Þat mys to amend, is maistur ye go To the corse of þat kyng in his cleane towmbe.
1543 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 191 That the portis be mendytt and lokit and reformit as mister is.
1556 W. Lauder Compend. Tractate Dewtie of Kyngis sig. C3 Be wer..And mend geue ony myster be.
1600 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) II. 286 Hald me excused for my vnsemly Letter, qhilk is nocht sa veil vrettin as mister ver.
1612 in P. J. Anderson Fasti Acad. Mariscallanae Aberdonensis (1889) I. 126 And imploy all their moyen if mister be.
a1722 J. Lauder Jrnls. (1900) 42 Which works the church had in its treasury to sell at mister.
9.
a. Scottish in later use. A condition in which help is needed, or there is a lack of some necessary thing; a state of difficulty or distress; esp. a state of destitution. in (also at) (one's) mister: in needy circumstances. Also (occasionally) in plural. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [noun]
waedlec888
wanspeedc893
wanea1100
wandrethc1175
miseasea1200
povertya1225
lowness?c1225
needc1225
orcostc1225
poorness?a1300
unwealtha1300
defaultc1300
porailc1325
straitnessa1340
poorhead1340
mischiefa1375
miseasetya1382
needinessa1382
misterc1385
indigencec1386
scarcitya1387
noughtc1400
scantnessc1400
necessity?1406
penurya1425
povertnessa1434
exilitya1439
wantc1450
scarcenessc1475
needinga1500
povertiesa1500
penurity?a1505
poortith?a1513
debility1525
tenuity1535
leanness1550
lack1555
Needham1577
inopy1581
pinching1587
dispurveyance1590
egency1600
macritude1623
penuriousness1630
indigency1631
needihood1648
necessitousness1650
egestuosity1656
straitened circumstancesa1766
unopulence1796
Queer Street1811
lowliness1834
breadlessness1860
unwealthiness1886
out-of-elbowness1890
secondary poverty1901
Short Street1920
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [noun]
tharf735
needOE
misterc1385
opportunity?a1475
suffrete1481
needing?a1513
scantc1550
want1551
necessitude1839
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1340 I noot which hath the wofuller myster.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 803 Þai cled þam þan in þat mister Wit leues brad, bath o figer.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10134 (MED) For-þi rede i þaim þat yee here þat mai yow help at [a1400 Gött. in] your mistere.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 41 Me liste do no daies dede, Bot yf gret mystir me garte.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1774 (MED) For mestire [a1500 Trin. Dub. mister] & miserie, vnneth may þou forthe Þine awen caitefe cors to clethe & to fede.
c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 248 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 449 Gret mystere gert me assemble ȝou & call.
1487 Thewis Gud Women (St. John's Cambr.) 288 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 97 Sic mysteris haldis madynnis In That þai ar pynit with pouerte.
1549–50 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 58 Neid and mister compellit hir to sell the saidis warklumes to sustene hir.
1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. A.5v Saying that thay enterit thame in danger, and supportit thame not in mister.
a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. D4 Mister makes men of craft.
a1700 J. Maidment New Bk. Old Ballads (1844) 14 And fatt although my minny baik A bannock in here mister.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 27 To come alang sweer was she to intreat, An' yet I kend her mister to be great.
1836 A. Cunningham Lord Roldan I. 2 Ye hae helped me and relieved me in my hard mister and weirscales.
b. to have mister: to be in straits or necessity; to be in want of something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > be poor [verb (intransitive)]
to have needOE
needa1300
to have mistera1400
to be low in the world1521
lack1523
pinch1549
to be beforehand (also behindhand) in (or with) the world1615
to feel the pinch1861
to feel the draught1925
the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > be in difficulties or straits
to be hard bested?c1225
to be hard set1387
to be hard (straitly, stiffly, etc.) steada1400
to have mistera1400
charge1487
to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to ita1616
straiten1647
to be ill set1673
press1813
to be up a gum tree1829
push1863
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 19044 (MED) At þair gain come mete þai gaue, Ilkan þat þai sagh mister haue.
1432 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 22 (MED) Item, to ye Goddes house in Paradise a rough felt..to lay on ye pore folke yt hafe mystre in ye wynter.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 743 Till releif thame that had mister.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 249 Socoure vs for the love of Ihesus, for we have well mystre.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 97 Bot he will gif and len his gude at large, Till thame that myster hes.
10. Chiefly Scottish.
a. In plural. Necessary articles, fittings, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [noun] > that which is necessary > necessaries
necessarya1382
necessars1386
necessity?1406
mister1477
needment1590
implements1612
needfuls1614
vitals1657
essentiality1710
fundamentals1864
needcessities1874
1477 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 182 Gyff thai wald..fynd hym his mysteris qwhylk that stud hym in gret necessite and fawt of his lewyng.
a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxxvii. f. 134v Alle tho mystres, whiche that apperteynen to the body without, as clothyng howsynge and defense ageyne dyuerse perylles.
1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 481 Item for ⅓c Swetyn burdis to the said Lorence for misteris in the schippis.
c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 497 Scho..gart be gevine unto them also ane thowsand pund..To by thair misteris.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 29 (Stat. Rob. I) Reseruand to the tutours their reasonable misterres and necessare expenses.
b. A necessity. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1829 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 147 Warld's gear was henceforward the least of her care, nor was it likely to be muckle her mister.
11. Scottish. A matter or respect in which some necessity or want is felt; a case of need. Obsolete.Frequently used with verb to beet: see beet v. 3.
ΚΠ
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 44 He..may nought beit worght a bene in bed of my mystirs.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. viii. 105 To hew, and tak Tymmer to beit ayris and wther mysteris.
1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie 72 Elcho nunrie, where the holy sisters Suppli'd were by the Fratres in their misters.
1721 A. Ramsay Scribblers Lash'd 78 To please the sighing sisters, Who often beet them in their misters.
1823 J. Hogg in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 314 If twa or three hunder pounds can beet a mister for you in a strait, ye sanna want it.
c1850 Crawford MS in Sc. National Dict. (1965) (at cited word) To kep a stress, to beit an orra mister = to supply an extraordinary occasion, to make a shift.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

mistern.2

Brit. /ˈmɪstə/, U.S. /ˈmɪstər/
Forms: 1500s myster, 1600s– mister.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: master n.1
Etymology: Originally a variant of master n.1 (compare master n.1 19a). Compare also earlier Mr n. and discussion at that entry.
1.
a. A title of courtesy prefixed to the surname or first name of a man without a higher, honorific, or professional title.The word in modern use may be best described as the oral equivalent of the written prefix Mr (see Mr n.). It is now usually written in its abbreviated form, and tends only to be given in full in cases where some humorous or ironic emphasis is intended.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for gentleman
masterlOE
Danc1330
gentleman1416
denc1425
mastership1438
mister1523
maship1526
mast?1548
esquire1552
masterdom1575
squire1645
gentlemanship1653
Mus'1875
1523 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) Paied to a carpenter by grete for mendyng of Myster Collettis house.
1551 in Acts Privy Council (1891) III. 397 To suffer the ij Mysters Bassetes to have accesse and speake..with theyre brother.
1641–2 Mrs. Briver Let. 15 Mar. in J. T. Gilbert Hist. Irish Confederation (1882) ii. 14 This passadge of Mister Richard Buttler hapened the day affter the Twelve Day.
1664 H. Bold Poems 149 Potions and Vomits, with a Glyster, Bolus and Mass of Pills, for Mister Bold.
1706 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1886) II. 302 My best hat which is at Mister Rigedales in Ripon.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions II. 42 'Squire Franklin meant to do great things for Mister Dellmore.
1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 145 Mister Broker, is that 'ere your carpet-bag?
1852 R. S. Surtees Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour viii. xliv. 245 Spraggon took advantage of a dead silence to call up the table to Mister Sponge to take wine.., and by-and-by Mister Sponge ‘Mistered’ Mr. Spraggon to return the compliment.
1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin vii. 109 Who asked you to put your oar in, Mister Billings?
1987 A. Price New Kind of War ii. 22 The sergeant's ‘Mister Audley’ and his slight disdain.
b. In extended use, forming a humorous or mocking title.
ΚΠ
1672 J. Phillips Maronides (1678) v. 88 The second fool whom fortune favours Was Mister Mnesteus, a Sea-Mavors.
1704 E. Ward Helter Skelter 26 And so good Night t'ye, Mister High-Church, I'm sure I ne'er shall be of Thy Church.
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. Ded. p. xvi O Jupiter, some water, a little water, dear mister Jupiter, water, water, water.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xiii ‘Yes; and indeed and indeed again, Mister Jackanapes,’ said the excited lady.
1993 S. McAughtry Touch & Go xxii. 174 Well, Mister Bighead, we've both been there, Bucksie and me both, so up yours.
c. As a title (without specifying an individual).Frequently with suggestion of excessive politeness or formality.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man
Mra1449
goodman1560
gaffer1575
mister1722
bro1832
bra1880
1722 H. Carey Hanging & Marriage 8 Squeak: Pray ye, Mr. Stubble, let me alone. Richard: Ay its Mister, is it?
1758 O. Goldsmith tr. J. Marteilhe Mem. Protestant II. 214 They never spoke to us without putting Mister to our Names.
1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. xv. 148 Stop, mon cher, stop; don't call me Mister; we are to be friends.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men I. 440 ‘Well, Mr. Burgon?’..‘Mister at the end of 20 years!..I wish you wouldn't call me Mister’.
1975 P. Moyes Black Widower xii. 140 We're all good friends..We don't use no Mister and Missus.
d. A man usually addressed as ‘Mister’ (frequently as contrasted with some higher title).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > one entitled to be called Mr.
mister1722
Mr1753
1722 H. Carey Hanging & Marriage 8 And ye make a Mister o' me now, you'll make a Squire o' me and by; nay a Knight, afore I ha' done.
1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 1 Has his majesty dubb'd me a Knight for you to make me a Mister.
1859 T. B. Macaulay William Pitt in Biogr. (1860) 182 Plain Mister himself he [sc. Pitt] had made more lords than any three ministers that had preceded him.
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. ii. 98 Whether the Persian Mirza expresses a Prince or a mere Mister.
1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. 374/2 They have money, much money, otherwise they would still be plain misters back in their old places of business.
1991 Atlantic June 22/2 It may be that in the end ‘Ms.’ will slightly outlast ‘Mr.’ as a courtesy title, if only because mizzes tend to outlast misters.
e. Mister Big, Mister Fixit, etc.: see Mr n. Compounds.
f. colloquial. Husband; the male head of a household. Frequently with the, or possessive adjective (cf. missus n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married man > [noun] > husband
churla800
lordeOE
werec893
husbanda1275
mana1325
masterc1325
sovereign1390
maritea1398
husbandman?a1439
goodman?1507
baron1595
spouse1604
husband of one's bosom1611
old man1673
hubby1682
sposo1741
hub1809
master-man1825
pot and pan1900
mister1931
DH1993
1931 in H. Wentworth Amer. Dialect Dict. (1944) 392/2 My mister.
1934 Amer. Speech 9 318 The Mister is also often used for the Master, as in ‘I'd ask the Mister when he comes,’ ‘The Mister isn't in just now.’ In these instances the Mister meant the head of the house.
1962 A. Lurie Love & Friendship vii. 136 She and the mister could not take that howling another day.
1975 D. Delman One Man's Murder i. 35 Can't have people..saying, ‘Hey, Missus. Where's your Mister?’ You'd be humiliated.
1982 W. L. Heat Moon Blue Highways ix. xiv. 391 Mating season. Sometimes you catch a ‘doubler’—a mister and missus arm in arm.
†2. The rider of a horse. Cf. master n.1 3. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > master of living creature
masterlOE
misterc1620
c1620 in J. P. Hore Hist. Newmarket (1885) I. 360 The horse and mister yairof that first comes over the scoir at the said Walnuik of Paislaye.
3. Used without proper name as a form of address to a man whose name is not known; = sir n. (but usually less respectful than that title).In later use chiefly in children's or nonstandard speech.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for a man
liefc907
goodmanOE
beausirec1300
sir1320
lede1377
fatherhood1461
gallant1488
fatherhead?a1500
Mr?a1640
gallantissimoa1681
mister1734
massa1766
sieur1772
stira1796
master1798
zurr1803
sieur1812
squire1828
guv'nor1843
Mistah1853
sor1891
suh1894
1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. ii. x Harkye, Mister, what is your Master's Name, pray?
1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. vi. 125 Mrs. Belfield,..running into the passage,..angrily called out [to the chairmen], ‘What do you do here, Misters?’
1834 N. Hawthorne Mr. Higginbotham's Catastrophe in New Eng. Mag. Dec. 451 ‘Good morning, mister’, said Dominicus.
1867 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. (new ed.) Introd. p. lxii Says he, ‘I'd better call agin;’ Says she, ‘Think likely, Mister.’
1901 Punch 22 Jan. 65 Please Mister, when are we going to get through?
1952 P. Bowles Let it come Down iii. 36 ‘Hello, mister.’ The youth grinned.
1987 E. Leonard Bandits iii. 31 Mister, gimme a dollar.
4. Nautical. In full Mister Mate (colloquial). Used to address the mate of a ship.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > mate
mate1488
first mate1683
first officer1758
chief1896
mister1897
maat1919
1897 J. Conrad Nigger of ‘Narcissus’ i. 12 Is there anythink wrong with me, Mister Mate?
1909 F. H. Shaw Daughter of Storm xx. 177 ‘All right, sir,’ said the second mate to Steadman... ‘West by north,’ said Steadman... ‘I'll go and turn in, mister.’
1972 Listener 6 Jan. 18/3 The Captain..addressed the Mate as William, except when he thought he was getting uppish, when he called him ‘Mister’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† misterv.1

Forms: late Middle English mystre, late Middle English–1500s mister, late Middle English–1500s mistre, late Middle English–1500s myster, late Middle English–1500s mystier, 1500s mestor, 1500s mistor; Scottish pre-1700 mestar, pre-1700 mester, pre-1700 mistar, pre-1700 mistir, pre-1700 muster, pre-1700 mystar, pre-1700 mysteir, pre-1700 myster, pre-1700 mystere, pre-1700 mystir, pre-1700 mystyr, pre-1700 1700s–1800s mister.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mister n.1
Etymology: < mister n.1 N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (mi·stəɹ) /ˈmɪstə(r)/.
Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.
1.
a. intransitive. Of a thing: to be necessary, needful, or requisite. Sometimes with indirect object.
ΚΠ
1412 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1952) 487 All the stuff of the stane that misters more of the makyng of the Kirk of Katrik.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5117 (MED) Quat suld we moue in-to þe montts? Þat mysters bot litill, Outhire Appole to adoure or any othire driȝtins.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 215 And alkynd othir apparaill That mycht availl, or ȝeit mysteir Till hald castell.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vi. 141 And thenne reynawde said agen to hym, ‘borgons, thys worde mystre not to you for to saye, for ye must nedes defende yourselfe.’
1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Bii At all tymys when suche thynges shall myster.
1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. (Isa. xxxviii. 17) sig. N3v The purgatioun of the godly shall not myster.
a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 416 Claw that yuiks, and seik that misteris.
b. intransitive. impersonal or with non-referential it as subject. (it) misters: it is necessary or needful (in Middle English with dative of the person affected); (later also) it matters. Usually with infinitive or clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary [verb (intransitive)] > it is necessary
(it) needsOE
tharfc1175
(it) misters1424
it needsa1425
there needs?a1425
1424 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 7 Ande gif it misteris þat secular power be callyt þerto in suppowale and helping of halykirk.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 4281 (MED) Vs mistris neuire na medcyne for malidy on erthe.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 22 (MED) Blase sought all that hym mystered to write with.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 222 (MED) Yf it mystier, we shal guyde & lede you wel.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii7v As for my name, it mistreth not to tell.
a1600 King & Barker 99 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 9 The hors prekyd, as he was wode, Het mestoret to spor hem not.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 382 Ten pund Stirveling I have heir, And mair, when misteris, you command.
1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 216 Little misters it to me Whar they gang, or whar they ride.
c. what misters——?: what need is there for (a thing)?; what need is there for (a person to do something)?
ΚΠ
a1450 York Plays (1885) 37 (MED) What mystris þe, in gode or ille, of me to melle þe?
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xvi. 62 What mystreth hym to edyfie cartage?
1581 in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 77 Quhat misterit men in this eage seik out ane neu interpretation?
?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament i. sig. C4v Quhat misterd vs to haue a sign?
1603 Philotus cxxvi. sig. E2v Gude-man quhat misteris all thir mowis?
1715 A. Pennecuik Curious Coll. Scotish Poems in Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale App. 17 What misters me for to express, My present Poverty.
2. intransitive. To find it necessary. Also transitive (with infinitive as object): to find it necessary (to do something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary [verb (intransitive)] > be under necessity to do something
tharfc890
needc1395
mister1445
require1559
note1789
1445 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 10 Thai sal thar ordane the chapellane..to reperele the hows quhen thai myster.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 6 (MED) I sall so ordand at þou sall nott myster to be a thief no mor.
?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. A.iv That way perchaunce ye shall nat myster To go to heuen without a glyster.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 20 Na man misterit to tak feir of the Erle of Douglas.
1633 Ld. Wariston Diary (1911) I. 56 I had..prayed the Lord so to rule my heart in my prosperite as he misterd not to take the wand in his hand.
1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 805 First when he mistred not, he micht. He needs and may not now.
3.
a. transitive. To have need of, require.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)]
behovec890
to have mister ofc1300
needa1382
requirec1392
misterc1450
lack1530
note1710
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 139 Thow erte a spirituall man & mysters no meatt.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 252 Gif me think j mister ma, I sall haue leue to produce ma.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 212 Harnes and hors quhilk thai mysteryt in wer.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 107 (MED) We myster no sponys here at oure mangyng.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. ii. 117 Now is the tyme that I maste mister the.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. I.iiiv Thay quhilk ar hail, thay mister notht ane lech.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 125 Ffor surelie, we mister na Magistrat.
1688 in H. Paton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1932) 3rd Ser. XIII. 257 The pannall gott pottage and some small aill..and..said they war werch, they mistered salt.
1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iv. 33 Counting what Things he now did mister.
b. intransitive. To have need (of). Also in passive with of: to have lost, feel the loss of.In quot. 1488 at sense 3a the reading mystyrit is Jamieson's (in his edition of 1820); an alternative emendation mystymit (cf. mistimed adj.) has been suggested by McDiarmid (in his edition of 1968–9), but this is less convincing on semantic grounds.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > have need of or to do
needa1398
misterc1450
necessitya1616
to be stuck up for1860
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 136 (MED) Þou mysters not of my lectuarie, for þou erte a leche.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iii. xvii Gyue thou not that thynge of whiche thow hast nede of to the ende that afterward thow myster not of hit.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 361 Bot blynd he was..Throuch-hurt of waynys and mystynit [perh. read mystyrit] of blude.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 219 (MED) He..proffred to them his seruyse yf they myster of it.
1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xx. f. 59 To be distrubit to thaim self sa far as thai myster to thair honest sustentatioun.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 81 It mycht chance that the Kyng mycht mister of his greit gunis and artailyerie in France.
1639 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 212 Alwayes to have ane eye what..our staill host should mister of help.
c. intransitive. To be in need; to be lacking.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > non-possession > not have or lack [verb (intransitive)]
fasteOE
to miss of ——?c1250
wantc1390
to go without ——?a1500
lack1523
mister1531
to miss of ——1796
1531 in D. Laing Reg. Domus de Soltre (1861) 105 The said provest sall giff the forsaid rif..four bollis of wictuall to helpe hir sustentacioun as schou mistaris.
1572 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 337 Quhair superabundance of stanis is to help vtheris thairwith that mistaris.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 44 And gif thay mister, to mak rescours.
a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 460 Drink if ye list, ye wate if ye mister.
4. transitive. To be of advantage or service to. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial [verb (intransitive)]
dowc950
frameOE
fremeOE
helpc1000
gainc1175
holdc1175
vail1303
yainc1325
it is speedfulc1340
profit1340
speedc1380
prowa1400
bootc1400
prevailc1450
avail1489
mister1490
skill1528
stead1594
advantagea1616
conduce1624
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 129 Lady moder, gramercy of so fayre a yefte as here is, For it mystreth me well.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

misterv.2

Brit. /ˈmɪstə/, U.S. /ˈmɪstər/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mister n.2
Etymology: < mister n.2
transitive. To address as ‘Mr’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > address with courteous title [verb (transitive)] > address a man
sir1576
mister1742
squire1832
good man1846
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. ii. 181 ‘Pray don't Mister such Fellows to me’, cries the Lady. View more context for this quotation
1817 W. Hazlitt Polit. Ess. (1819) 213 He would not have been content..with Mistering his opponent, and Esquiring himself.
1832 M. R. Mitford Our Village V. 42 Mr. Warde—pshaw! he is too eminent a man to be mistered! John Warde, the celebrated fox-hunter.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxvii. 80 Darling Tessy!.. Don't, for Heaven's sake, Mister me any more.
1909 Daily Chron. 2 Sept. 4/6 If you were to ‘Mister’ him, his Highland pride would be offended.
1954 A. Huxley Let. 12 Dec. (1969) 718 I think its about time—isn't it?—that we stopped Mistering and Doctoring one another!
1975 J. Braine Pious Agent xxix. 198 I'm too fond of you to like the idea of being Mistered by you.

Derivatives

ˈmistering n.
ΚΠ
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xiii. 200 ‘None of your mistering,’ replied the ruffian; ‘you always mean mischief when you come that.’
1938 J. B. Cabell Let. 14 Nov. (1975) 185 Let us drop the mistering now that I am certain you and I can hit it off quite nicely.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1225n.21523v.11412v.21742
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