Midrashn.

Brit.

/ˈmɪdraʃ/,

/ˈmɪdrʌʃ/, U.S.

/ˈmɪdˌrɑʃ/

Inflections: Plural Midrashim Brit.

/mɪˈdraʃɪm/,

/ˌmɪdraˈʃɪm/,

/ˌmɪdrʌˈʃɪm/, U.S.

/mɪˈdrɑʃəm/,

/mɪˌdrɑˈʃim/.

Forms: 1600s Medrasch, 1600s Midrasch, 1800s– Midrash, 1900s– Medresh. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Hebrew. Etymon: Hebrew miḏrāš.

Etymology: < post-biblical Hebrew miḏrāš homiletic commentary on Scripture (in biblical Hebrew ‘study, exposition’) < Hebrew dāraš to seek, study, expound. N.E.D. (1906) gives the pronunciation of the plural as (midrā·ʃīm) /mɪˈdrɑːʃiːm/ and notes that the Hebrew word was translated ‘commentary’ in the Revised Version (1884); both occurrences (2 Chronicles 13:22 and 24:27) were translated ‘story’ in the King James Bible (1611) with ‘commentary’ in the margin. The forms with Me- reflect the Ashkenazic pronunciation of the Hebrew.

Judaism.

a. A Rabbinic homiletic commentary on a text from the Hebrew Scriptures, characterized by non-literal interpretation and legendary illustration. Also: the mode of exegesis characteristic of such a commentary.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Hebrew scripture > [noun] > Midrash

Midrash1613

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 192 Mardochæus (saith their Medrasch) sucked the breasts of Hester.

1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. vi. 34 The Disputer. He insisted upon allegories, and searched out mysticall interpretations of the Text. Hence himselfe was termed Darschan, and his exposition, or homily, Midrasch.

1854 Biblical Repertory Jan. 215 Collection of small Midrashim and of miscellaneous treatises from the older Jewish literature.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxii. 72 A happy Rabbinic midrash on the non-muzzling of the ox that treadeth out the corn.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 164/2 The Rabbinic tradition as to the inauguration of the Old Covenant at Sinai (cf...the Midrash on Ps. lxviii. 11).

1946 J. Butwin & F. Butwin tr. ‘S. Aleichem’ Old Country 382 ‘Golde.., you're sinning. We have a Medresh.’ ‘What do I care about a Medresh..? We have a daughter to marry off.’

1969 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 2 Jan. 13/4 In an old midrash it is told that birds are fashioned out of marshy ground saturated with water.

1986 Evangelical Q. Apr. 123 I agree with Fiorenza..that 1:18–31 [Corinthians] had its origin in the pre-Pauline communities, and that Paul is using this midrash for his own purposes.

1992 L. Glinert Joys of Hebrew 156 The trouble with Cecil B. de Mille's The Ten Commandments is that he didn't check the Medresh first.

b. Frequently as the Midrash. The body of Midrashic literature; Midrashim considered collectively.

ΚΠ

1851 Biblical Repertory Jan. 71 One, who is acquainted with the expositions of scripture in the Targum and Talmud, will scarcely think possible such a fixing of its sense by written signs at a time when scriptural interpretation had long been converted by the Midrash into the plaything of a capricious fancy.

1857 W. Spottiswode tr. M. Steinschneider (title) Jewish Literature from the eighth to the eighteenth century, with an introduction on Talmud and Midrash. A historical essay.

1907 Mod. Lang. Notes 22 13/1 Dubno undertook to explain the difficult passages in the Pentateuch by means of parables. He therefore made it his business to collect these wherever he could find them—in the Talmud and the Midrash as well as in popular tradition.

1959 S. J. Perelman Let. 5 Dec. in Don't tread on Me (1987) 212 I..read the note you did in The New York Times about the story of Ruth, the midrash, etc.

1991 Jrnl. Islamic Stud. 2 258 The text of the Guide is interspersed with citations and references to the rabbinical literature—the Mishnah, the Talmud, the Midrash, and the Targum.

2. Usually with lower-case initial. In extended use: this style of commentary applied to other literature; an example of this.

ΚΠ

1962 M. Ramsey Narr. of Passion 17 It seems possible that some of these pieces of narrative [in St Matthew] may be midrash rather than history.

1980 Church Times 3 Apr. 6/3 The story of his verses is part fairy-tale (with a moral), part themes from the Bible, such as the parables of the ewe lamb and the prodigal son, though neither sticks to the original story. The whole is a midrash to excite imagination.

1997 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 May 6/1 This is midrash, and Mailer has a talent for midrash, explanatory extension or updating of existing stories.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	midrash
释义	Midrashn. Brit. /ˈmɪdraʃ/, /ˈmɪdrʌʃ/, U.S. /ˈmɪdˌrɑʃ/ Inflections: Plural Midrashim Brit. /mɪˈdraʃɪm/, /ˌmɪdraˈʃɪm/, /ˌmɪdrʌˈʃɪm/, U.S. /mɪˈdrɑʃəm/, /mɪˌdrɑˈʃim/. Forms: 1600s Medrasch, 1600s Midrasch, 1800s– Midrash, 1900s– Medresh. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Hebrew. Etymon: Hebrew miḏrāš. Etymology: < post-biblical Hebrew miḏrāš homiletic commentary on Scripture (in biblical Hebrew ‘study, exposition’) < Hebrew dāraš to seek, study, expound. N.E.D. (1906) gives the pronunciation of the plural as (midrā·ʃīm) /mɪˈdrɑːʃiːm/ and notes that the Hebrew word was translated ‘commentary’ in the Revised Version (1884); both occurrences (2 Chronicles 13:22 and 24:27) were translated ‘story’ in the King James Bible (1611) with ‘commentary’ in the margin. The forms with Me- reflect the Ashkenazic pronunciation of the Hebrew. Judaism. 1. a. A Rabbinic homiletic commentary on a text from the Hebrew Scriptures, characterized by non-literal interpretation and legendary illustration. Also: the mode of exegesis characteristic of such a commentary. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Hebrew scripture > [noun] > Midrash Midrash1613 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 192 Mardochæus (saith their Medrasch) sucked the breasts of Hester. 1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. vi. 34 The Disputer. He insisted upon allegories, and searched out mysticall interpretations of the Text. Hence himselfe was termed Darschan, and his exposition, or homily, Midrasch. 1854 Biblical Repertory Jan. 215 Collection of small Midrashim and of miscellaneous treatises from the older Jewish literature. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxii. 72 A happy Rabbinic midrash on the non-muzzling of the ox that treadeth out the corn. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 164/2 The Rabbinic tradition as to the inauguration of the Old Covenant at Sinai (cf...the Midrash on Ps. lxviii. 11). 1946 J. Butwin & F. Butwin tr. ‘S. Aleichem’ Old Country 382 ‘Golde.., you're sinning. We have a Medresh.’ ‘What do I care about a Medresh..? We have a daughter to marry off.’ 1969 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 2 Jan. 13/4 In an old midrash it is told that birds are fashioned out of marshy ground saturated with water. 1986 Evangelical Q. Apr. 123 I agree with Fiorenza..that 1:18–31 [Corinthians] had its origin in the pre-Pauline communities, and that Paul is using this midrash for his own purposes. 1992 L. Glinert Joys of Hebrew 156 The trouble with Cecil B. de Mille's The Ten Commandments is that he didn't check the Medresh first. b. Frequently as the Midrash. The body of Midrashic literature; Midrashim considered collectively. ΚΠ 1851 Biblical Repertory Jan. 71 One, who is acquainted with the expositions of scripture in the Targum and Talmud, will scarcely think possible such a fixing of its sense by written signs at a time when scriptural interpretation had long been converted by the Midrash into the plaything of a capricious fancy. 1857 W. Spottiswode tr. M. Steinschneider (title) Jewish Literature from the eighth to the eighteenth century, with an introduction on Talmud and Midrash. A historical essay. 1907 Mod. Lang. Notes 22 13/1 Dubno undertook to explain the difficult passages in the Pentateuch by means of parables. He therefore made it his business to collect these wherever he could find them—in the Talmud and the Midrash as well as in popular tradition. 1959 S. J. Perelman Let. 5 Dec. in Don't tread on Me (1987) 212 I..read the note you did in The New York Times about the story of Ruth, the midrash, etc. 1991 Jrnl. Islamic Stud. 2 258 The text of the Guide is interspersed with citations and references to the rabbinical literature—the Mishnah, the Talmud, the Midrash, and the Targum. 2. Usually with lower-case initial. In extended use: this style of commentary applied to other literature; an example of this. ΚΠ 1962 M. Ramsey Narr. of Passion 17 It seems possible that some of these pieces of narrative [in St Matthew] may be midrash rather than history. 1980 Church Times 3 Apr. 6/3 The story of his verses is part fairy-tale (with a moral), part themes from the Bible, such as the parables of the ewe lamb and the prodigal son, though neither sticks to the original story. The whole is a midrash to excite imagination. 1997 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 May 6/1 This is midrash, and Mailer has a talent for midrash, explanatory extension or updating of existing stories. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1613
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