axlen.²

/ˈaks(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English–1500s axil, Middle English–1700s axel, 1500s–1600s axell, 1600s axile, 1600s– axle. For earlier forms in combination, see axle-tree n.

Etymology: Not in Old English; found in 13th cent. in the compound axle-tree , Old Norse öxul-tre (synonymous with the native ax-tree n.), < Old Norse öxull (masculine) = Gothic *ahsuls , Germanic *ahsulo-z , derivative of ahs-â ; thence the simple axle has been since taken, and used in place of Old English æx , eax : see ax n.

1. The centre-pin or spindle upon which a wheel revolves, or which revolves along with it.

a. In carriages, properly, the rounded and more slender ends of the axle-tree, or the pegs fastened into the ends of the axle-tree, on which the wheel actually revolves; but used to include the axle-tree or axle-bar, especially when this is of one piece with the axles proper, or when it revolves with the wheels.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle

ax-treea1230

axle-treea1400

axle1637

turning-beam1766

1637 J. Milton Comus 4 The gilded Carre of Day His glowing Axle doth allay, In the steepe Atlantik streame.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 76 It turn'd upon two hinges in the nature of Axels.

1807 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons (ed. 2) I. Introd. 19 Chariots, with scythes at the axles.

1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 157 Iron axles are becoming almost as common as once they were rare.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 132 Full many a chief Fell under his own axle from the car.

1873 Daily News 12 Sept. 4/3 The axle of a truck in a coal train broke.

b. A central spindle of a wheel which revolves along with it, as in the mechanical power called wheel-and-axle, and its applications.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > axle

axle-treec1400

axisa1620

arbor1659

ax-tree1659

axle1730

turning-beam1766

stud centre1851

stub-axle1875

crank-axle1887

banjo axle1922

1730 J. T. Desaguliers Axis in Peritrochio in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 226 When we pull the Rope PA, we make the Axel..to wind itself up upon the Rope HD.

1829 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. Mechanics ii. vi. §50 A modification of the lever, called the axle in the wheel.

c. figurative. (Cf. ‘pivot.’)

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central > upon which something depends

harrec1000

pina1538

key1559

pinch1581

axle-treec1600

axlea1634

fulcrum1668

keystone1722

pivot1748

turning-point1836

landmark1859

axis1860

linchpin1954

a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 194 Since he..makes that the Axell for all his Commendations to Moove on.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 3 All the moments..of humane occasions are mov'd to and fro as upon the axle of discipline.

†2. The beam n.¹ of a loom, on which the warp or woven fabric is wound. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > beam

beam1382

axlea1634

a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 281 The wrought part [of a web] is fastned to, and wrapt up about the Axell.

†3. The imaginary line about which a planet, or other body (or, in old cosmography, the heaven), revolves. Also, poetic, the pole, the sky or heaven (cf. axle-tree n. 4b). Obsolete exc. poetic. (Replaced by axis n.¹)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > axis

axisc1550

axle1596

polar axis1724

1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. B4^v None but old Atlas..Should under-prop the Axel of the rest.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 67 The magneticall wier..will..make a circumvolution about his owne Axell.

a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 29/1 Heaven's Axile seems to bend.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 165 The Earth..With inoffensive pace that spinning sleeps On her soft Axle .

1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day i. 10 The blisful Earth, who late At leisure on her Axle rowl'd in State.

1850 E. B. Browning Poet's Vow i. xviii Since earth on axle ran!

Compounds

axle-bar n. an iron bar serving the purpose of an axletree.

axle-bearing n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of axle assembly

pedestal1814

box1825

hot box1848

axle-bearing1849

horn-plate1856

axle-box1871

1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 33/2 Axle bearing in locomotive engines, the gun-metal, or other metal bearing, under which the axle journal revolves [in the axle-box].

axle-bed n.

1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide 258 Three stages strongly bolted to the crossbar, or axle-bed (as our workmen term it).

axle-box n. in a locomotive engine or railway carriage, the box, usually of cast iron, within which the ends of the axles revolve.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of axle assembly

pedestal1814

box1825

hot box1848

axle-bearing1849

horn-plate1856

axle-box1871

1871 Daily News 23 Feb. The wheels..sunk up to the axle-boxes.

1876 Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 46 92 Ordinary grease axle-boxes weigh less than 3 cwt. the set.

axle-counter n. (see quot.); hence axle-counting n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > device for counting axles passing

axle-counter1936

1936 Gloss. Terms Railw. Signalling (B.S.I.) 7 Axle counter, a device for counting the number of axles of the vehicles comprising a train passing a given point.

1936 Economist 25 Jan. 178/2 Security against collisions of this kind can only be provided by a combination of track-circuiting (or the newer device of axle-counting) and automatic train control.

axle flap n.

1881 Cassell's Techn. Educator No. 21. 174/1 The distance of the hind axle-flaps from collars will be regulated by the width of the body across.

axle-grease n. (a) grease suitable for lubricating axles; also figurative; (b) slang butter.

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > for lubricating

liquor1559

greasing1598

axle-grease1878

cup-grease1900

1878 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 366 Class 10. Miscellaneous articles..Axle-grease—dozen boxes.

1900 A. Dillon Greek Kalends 31 Oh, Comedy! Laughter gives axle-grease to the wheel o' the sun.

1919 W. H. Downing Digger Dial. 9 Axle-grease, butter.

axle-guards n. the part of the frame in which the axle-box slides up and down as acted on by the springs.

axle-journal n. = axle-neck n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > parts of > journal

gudgeon1400

journal1814

journey1814

axle-journal1849

1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 33/2 Axle bearing in locomotive engines, the gun-metal, or other metal bearing, under which the axle journal revolves [in the axle-box].

axle-nail n. one of the two nails or pins used to fasten a cart to the axle-tree.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > fastening for

linchpin1376

axle-nailc1485

axle-pin?1523

ax-nail1585

c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 373 Axilnayles, iiijd.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 196/1 Axilnayle, cheuille daixevl.

axle-neck n. the polished end of the axle which revolves under the bearing in the axle-box.

axle-pin n. = axle-nail n.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > fastening for

linchpin1376

axle-nailc1485

axle-pin?1523

ax-nail1585

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiii Lynpines of yron in the axyltre endes, two axyll pynnes of yron, or els of tough harde wode.

axle-shaft n. a driving shaft forming an extension of the axle of a wheel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > others

axle-tree1659

axle-shaft1837

propeller shaft1839

crank-shaft1854

sub-shaft1859

driveshaft1860

half-time shaft1861

cardan joint1868

line shafting1872

thrusting-shaft1906

1837 Athenæum No. 510. 565 Enabling the upright axle-shaft to turn the millstone without additional gear.

axle spring n.

1870 H. Alford Jrnl. 25 May in Life, Jrnls. & Lett. (1873) xi. 443 I am again down on the axle-springs, and I must be braced up.

† axle wain n. Obsolete

1562 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 208 Axlewayne nales.

† axle-wood n. Obsolete wood for axle-trees.

1405 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 34 MM. ascelwod empto 21s. 6d.

1562 MS. Acc. Bk. Vicars Choral, York Pro ii thousandes & di. axellwodde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	axle
释义	† axlen.¹ Forms: Old English–Middle English eaxl, exel, Old English–Middle English exl, Middle English æxl. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English eaxl , feminine, = Old Norse öxl (plural axlir ), Old High German ahsala , Middle High German ahsel , modern German achsel , Old Germanic ahslâ , from same root as ahsâ : see ax n. Cognate with Latin axula, āla. Obsolete. The shoulder. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > shoulder > [noun] shouldera700 axlec1000 spauld1305 asselea1500 spall1590 spule1803 c1000 Sax. Leechd.* II. 104 Weorp ofer eaxle, oþþe betweoh þeoh. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 5 He hitt set on his exla [Hatton eaxle] geblissiende. c1175 Cott. Hom. 245 He hit berð an his eaxlun. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8998 Hengen an heore æxle mucle wi-æxe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). axlen.² /ˈaks(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English–1500s axil, Middle English–1700s axel, 1500s–1600s axell, 1600s axile, 1600s– axle. For earlier forms in combination, see axle-tree n. Etymology: Not in Old English; found in 13th cent. in the compound axle-tree , Old Norse öxul-tre (synonymous with the native ax-tree n.), < Old Norse öxull (masculine) = Gothic ahsuls , Germanic ahsulo-z , derivative of ahs-â ; thence the simple axle has been since taken, and used in place of Old English æx , eax : see ax n. 1. The centre-pin or spindle upon which a wheel revolves, or which revolves along with it. a. In carriages, properly, the rounded and more slender ends of the axle-tree, or the pegs fastened into the ends of the axle-tree, on which the wheel actually revolves; but used to include the axle-tree or axle-bar, especially when this is of one piece with the axles proper, or when it revolves with the wheels. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle ax-treea1230 axle-treea1400 axle1637 turning-beam1766 1637 J. Milton Comus 4 The gilded Carre of Day His glowing Axle doth allay, In the steepe Atlantik streame. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 76 It turn'd upon two hinges in the nature of Axels. 1807 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons (ed. 2) I. Introd. 19 Chariots, with scythes at the axles. 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 157 Iron axles are becoming almost as common as once they were rare. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 132 Full many a chief Fell under his own axle from the car. 1873 Daily News 12 Sept. 4/3 The axle of a truck in a coal train broke. b. A central spindle of a wheel which revolves along with it, as in the mechanical power called wheel-and-axle, and its applications. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > axle axle-treec1400 axisa1620 arbor1659 ax-tree1659 axle1730 turning-beam1766 stud centre1851 stub-axle1875 crank-axle1887 banjo axle1922 1730 J. T. Desaguliers Axis in Peritrochio in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 226 When we pull the Rope PA, we make the Axel..to wind itself up upon the Rope HD. 1829 Nat. Philos. (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. Mechanics ii. vi. §50 A modification of the lever, called the axle in the wheel. c. figurative. (Cf. ‘pivot.’) ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central > upon which something depends harrec1000 pina1538 key1559 pinch1581 axle-treec1600 axlea1634 fulcrum1668 keystone1722 pivot1748 turning-point1836 landmark1859 axis1860 linchpin1954 a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 194 Since he..makes that the Axell for all his Commendations to Moove on. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 3 All the moments..of humane occasions are mov'd to and fro as upon the axle of discipline. †2. The beam n.¹ of a loom, on which the warp or woven fabric is wound. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > beam beam1382 axlea1634 a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 281 The wrought part [of a web] is fastned to, and wrapt up about the Axell. †3. The imaginary line about which a planet, or other body (or, in old cosmography, the heaven), revolves. Also, poetic, the pole, the sky or heaven (cf. axle-tree n. 4b). Obsolete exc. poetic. (Replaced by axis n.¹) ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > axis axisc1550 axle1596 polar axis1724 1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. B4^v None but old Atlas..Should under-prop the Axel of the rest. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 67 The magneticall wier..will..make a circumvolution about his owne Axell. a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 29/1 Heaven's Axile seems to bend. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 165 The Earth..With inoffensive pace that spinning sleeps On her soft Axle . View more context for this quotation 1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day i. 10 The blisful Earth, who late At leisure on her Axle rowl'd in State. 1850 E. B. Browning Poet's Vow i. xviii Since earth on axle ran! Compounds axle-bar n. an iron bar serving the purpose of an axletree. axle-bearing n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of axle assembly pedestal1814 box1825 hot box1848 axle-bearing1849 horn-plate1856 axle-box1871 1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 33/2 Axle bearing in locomotive engines, the gun-metal, or other metal bearing, under which the axle journal revolves [in the axle-box]. axle-bed n. Π 1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide 258 Three stages strongly bolted to the crossbar, or axle-bed (as our workmen term it). axle-box n. in a locomotive engine or railway carriage, the box, usually of cast iron, within which the ends of the axles revolve. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > parts of axle assembly pedestal1814 box1825 hot box1848 axle-bearing1849 horn-plate1856 axle-box1871 1871 Daily News 23 Feb. The wheels..sunk up to the axle-boxes. 1876 Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 46 92 Ordinary grease axle-boxes weigh less than 3 cwt. the set. axle-counter n. (see quot.); hence axle-counting n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > device for counting axles passing axle-counter1936 1936 Gloss. Terms Railw. Signalling (B.S.I.) 7 Axle counter, a device for counting the number of axles of the vehicles comprising a train passing a given point. 1936 Economist 25 Jan. 178/2 Security against collisions of this kind can only be provided by a combination of track-circuiting (or the newer device of axle-counting) and automatic train control. axle flap n. Π 1881 Cassell's Techn. Educator No. 21. 174/1 The distance of the hind axle-flaps from collars will be regulated by the width of the body across. axle-grease n. (a) grease suitable for lubricating axles; also figurative; (b) slang butter. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > for lubricating liquor1559 greasing1598 axle-grease1878 cup-grease1900 1878 Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 366 Class 10. Miscellaneous articles..Axle-grease—dozen boxes. 1900 A. Dillon Greek Kalends 31 Oh, Comedy! Laughter gives axle-grease to the wheel o' the sun. 1919 W. H. Downing Digger Dial. 9 Axle-grease, butter. axle-guards n. the part of the frame in which the axle-box slides up and down as acted on by the springs. axle-journal n. = axle-neck n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > parts of > journal gudgeon1400 journal1814 journey1814 axle-journal1849 1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 33/2 Axle bearing in locomotive engines, the gun-metal, or other metal bearing, under which the axle journal revolves [in the axle-box]. axle-nail n. one of the two nails or pins used to fasten a cart to the axle-tree. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > fastening for linchpin1376 axle-nailc1485 axle-pin?1523 ax-nail1585 c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 373 Axilnayles, iiijd. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 196/1 Axilnayle, cheuille daixevl. axle-neck n. the polished end of the axle which revolves under the bearing in the axle-box. axle-pin n. = axle-nail n. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle > fastening for linchpin1376 axle-nailc1485 axle-pin?1523 ax-nail1585 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiii Lynpines of yron in the axyltre endes, two axyll pynnes of yron, or els of tough harde wode. axle-shaft n. a driving shaft forming an extension of the axle of a wheel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > others axle-tree1659 axle-shaft1837 propeller shaft1839 crank-shaft1854 sub-shaft1859 driveshaft1860 half-time shaft1861 cardan joint1868 line shafting1872 thrusting-shaft1906 1837 Athenæum No. 510. 565 Enabling the upright axle-shaft to turn the millstone without additional gear. axle spring n. Π 1870 H. Alford Jrnl. 25 May in Life, Jrnls. & Lett. (1873) xi. 443 I am again down on the axle-springs, and I must be braced up. † axle wain n. Obsolete Π 1562 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 208 Axlewayne nales. † axle-wood n. Obsolete wood for axle-trees. Π 1405 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 34 MM. ascelwod empto 21s. 6d. 1562 MS. Acc. Bk. Vicars Choral, York Pro ii thousandes & di. axellwodde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹c1000n.²1405
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† axlen.1

axlen.2

Compounds

† axlen.¹

axlen.²