backwardsadv.adj.

Brit.

/ˈbakwədz/, U.S.

/ˈbækwərdz/

Forms: Also 1500s bacwardes, Scottish bacwartis.

Etymology: < backward v. with adverbial genitive -s ; compare Old English hámweardes : see -wards suffix.

A. adv. = backward adv. in its various senses.

to bend or lean over backwards(s) (figurative), to go to the opposite extreme (in order to avoid a possible bias, etc.); to go almost too far in the effort to overcome one's ‘inclination’. colloquial (originally U.S.). Also in colloquial phrase to know (something) backwards, to know (it) extremely well or ‘inside out’ (inside n.¹ 4); to be very familiar with (it).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > be versed or skilled [verb (intransitive)]

to have the way (also ways)?1520

to know what something is1535

practise1542

skilla1586

to be one's craftsmaster1594

to know the ropes1802

to know one's way around1861

to know (something) backwards1904

to know one's stuff1927

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > be unbiased [verb (intransitive)]

to keep an open mind1745

to bend or lean over backwards(s)1925

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. ii. 46 The streme bacwartis vp, flawis soft and styll.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) John xviii. 6 They wente bacwardes and fell to the grounde.

1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. iv. sig. C1^v I wil preferre the backwards (as many friends doe) & leaue their friends woorse then they found them.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 2 The joynts of his hinder legs..bend backwards.

1704 R. Steele Lying Lover iv. 45 She lies backwards, and you can't so much as see her Chamber-window.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4432/6 [They] went into the same Coach, the Bride sitting backwards.

1715 London Gaz. No. 5323/1 To ply forwards and backwards..on the Coasts of Calabria.

1716 London Gaz. No. 5446/9 A house..with the Gardens..and four small Tenements backwards.

1771 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 4) 164 The Patient being pressed to go backwards, went behind his Tent.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. ix. 112 It is a common..opinion..that it [sc. France] is going backwards.

1792 Rules & Regulations His Majesty's Forces i. 30 At the word, On your Right backwards, Wheel, the man on the right of the rank faces to his left.

1858 W. Irving Life Washington V. 68 He walked me backwards and forwards..for half an hour.

1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xx. 456 Brihtric having been translated backwards to the less important Abbey of Burton.

1904 G. V. Hobart Jim Hickey ii. 32 The chief clerk..knew the hotel business backwards.

1925 Nation (N.Y.) 13 May 537 Stambuliski leaned over backwards in his desire to satisfy Serbian demands.

1933 E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! iii. ii. 112 I know this game backwards.

1936 A. Thirkell August Folly viii. 255 If you did get ill..I know the part backwards, and I've been to all the rehearsals.

1937 Amer. Speech 12 167 He is being hypercorrect, leaning over backward to be correct.

1949 L. M. Edwards Sauce for Geese: Story of Nebraska Farm 12 We all but bent over backward trying to impress everyone with the fact that tempus was fugiting.

1952 Economist 29 Nov. 612/1 [Broadmindedness] may..be carried beyond the optimum of impartiality to that point of unfairness to one's own case which Americans call ‘leaning over backward’.

1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) vi. 119 A liberal college ought to lean over backward not to fire anybody who is suspected of Communism.

1953 J. Cary Except the Lord xliii. 195 I had provoked in him that conscience, those scruples of justice and right, which might cause him actually to favour my enemy—to, as our transatlantic friends say, lean over backwards in obliging him.

1974 Economist 16 Feb. 35 He knows the constituency backwards.

a1979 J. Grenfell Turn back Clock (1983) i. 102 You know it absolutely backwards, so be quiet.

1983 Financial Times 17 Sept. 16/5 An eclectic collector.., he knows the showrooms backwards.

†B. adj. = backward adj.

Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective]

argha1000

slowOE

unwillyc1200

sweera1300

unfain1338

loathc1374

dangerousc1386

eschewc1386

squeamous1387

obstinate?a1439

unpresta1500

ill-willing?1520

evil-willing1525

untowards1525

untowarda1530

unwilling1533

strange1548

ill-willed1549

dainty1553

relucting1553

squeamish?1553

nicea1560

loathful1561

coyish1566

coy1576

unhearty1583

costive1594

unready1595

tarrowinga1598

undisposed1597

involuntary1598

backward1600

retrograde1602

unpregnant1604

scrupulous1608

unprone1611

refractory1614

behindhanda1616

nilling1620

backwards1627

shya1628

retractable1632

reluctant1638

loughta1641

tendera1641

unapt1640

uninclinable1640

unbeteaming1642

boggling1645

averse1646

indisposed1646

aversant1657

incomposed1660

disinclined1703

unobliging1707

unconsenting1713

uninclined1729

tenacious1766

disinclinable1769

ill-disposed1771

unaffectioned1788

scruplesomec1800

back-handed1817

sweert1817

tharf1828

backward in coming forward1830

unvoluntary1834

misinclined1837

squeamy1838

balky1847

retractive1869

grudging1874

tharfish1876

unwishful1876

safety first1917

1627 J. Cosin Corr. (1869) I. 119 Slack or backwards in doing his..dutie.

1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici 481 Nor were..his Party backwards to blow up the Coals.

Draft additions July 2010

backwards compatibility n. = backward compatibility n. at backward adv., adj., and n.² Additions.

ΚΠ

1975 Communications Networks (Online Conferences Ltd.) 125 (heading) Backwards compatibility.

1992 UnixWorld Apr. 92/1 Most vendors ship their machines with UDP checksums turned off for backwards compatibility.

2004 Games TM Apr. 11/1 Nintendo has bullishly refused to follow typical conventions of what should be expected from a next-generation console (online gaming, backwards compatibility, DVD playback).

Draft additions July 2010

backwards-compatible adj. = backward-compatible adj. at backward adv., adj., and n.² Additions.

ΚΠ

1975 U.S. Patent 3,916,440 1 One of the main features is that the newer design recorders are backwards compatible, that is, can read data formats that have been used in the past.

1995 New Scientist 27 May 25/1 Any modifications to TV transmissions or video recordings must also be backwards compatible, so that owners of existing equipment continue to see 2D pictures while new equipment gives 3D.

2005 Computer Buyer May 25/2 802.11g is far more popular in the UK, largely because it's backwards-compatible with older 802.11b hardware.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	backwards
释义	backwardsadv.adj. Brit. /ˈbakwədz/, U.S. /ˈbækwərdz/ Forms: Also 1500s bacwardes, Scottish bacwartis. Etymology: < backward v. with adverbial genitive -s ; compare Old English hámweardes : see -wards suffix. A. adv. = backward adv. in its various senses. to bend or lean over backwards(s) (figurative), to go to the opposite extreme (in order to avoid a possible bias, etc.); to go almost too far in the effort to overcome one's ‘inclination’. colloquial (originally U.S.). Also in colloquial phrase to know (something) backwards, to know (it) extremely well or ‘inside out’ (inside n.¹ 4); to be very familiar with (it). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > be versed or skilled [verb (intransitive)] to have the way (also ways)?1520 to know what something is1535 practise1542 skilla1586 to be one's craftsmaster1594 to know the ropes1802 to know one's way around1861 to know (something) backwards1904 to know one's stuff1927 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > be unbiased [verb (intransitive)] to keep an open mind1745 to bend or lean over backwards(s)1925 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. ii. 46 The streme bacwartis vp, flawis soft and styll. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) John xviii. 6 They wente bacwardes and fell to the grounde. 1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. iv. sig. C1^v I wil preferre the backwards (as many friends doe) & leaue their friends woorse then they found them. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 2 The joynts of his hinder legs..bend backwards. 1704 R. Steele Lying Lover iv. 45 She lies backwards, and you can't so much as see her Chamber-window. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4432/6 [They] went into the same Coach, the Bride sitting backwards. 1715 London Gaz. No. 5323/1 To ply forwards and backwards..on the Coasts of Calabria. 1716 London Gaz. No. 5446/9 A house..with the Gardens..and four small Tenements backwards. 1771 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 4) 164 The Patient being pressed to go backwards, went behind his Tent. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. ix. 112 It is a common..opinion..that it [sc. France] is going backwards. View more context for this quotation 1792 Rules & Regulations His Majesty's Forces i. 30 At the word, On your Right backwards, Wheel, the man on the right of the rank faces to his left. 1858 W. Irving Life Washington V. 68 He walked me backwards and forwards..for half an hour. 1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xx. 456 Brihtric having been translated backwards to the less important Abbey of Burton. 1904 G. V. Hobart Jim Hickey ii. 32 The chief clerk..knew the hotel business backwards. 1925 Nation (N.Y.) 13 May 537 Stambuliski leaned over backwards in his desire to satisfy Serbian demands. 1933 E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! iii. ii. 112 I know this game backwards. 1936 A. Thirkell August Folly viii. 255 If you did get ill..I know the part backwards, and I've been to all the rehearsals. 1937 Amer. Speech 12 167 He is being hypercorrect, leaning over backward to be correct. 1949 L. M. Edwards Sauce for Geese: Story of Nebraska Farm 12 We all but bent over backward trying to impress everyone with the fact that tempus was fugiting. 1952 Economist 29 Nov. 612/1 [Broadmindedness] may..be carried beyond the optimum of impartiality to that point of unfairness to one's own case which Americans call ‘leaning over backward’. 1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) vi. 119 A liberal college ought to lean over backward not to fire anybody who is suspected of Communism. 1953 J. Cary Except the Lord xliii. 195 I had provoked in him that conscience, those scruples of justice and right, which might cause him actually to favour my enemy—to, as our transatlantic friends say, lean over backwards in obliging him. 1974 Economist 16 Feb. 35 He knows the constituency backwards. a1979 J. Grenfell Turn back Clock (1983) i. 102 You know it absolutely backwards, so be quiet. 1983 Financial Times 17 Sept. 16/5 An eclectic collector.., he knows the showrooms backwards. †B. adj. = backward adj. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective] argha1000 slowOE unwillyc1200 sweera1300 unfain1338 loathc1374 dangerousc1386 eschewc1386 squeamous1387 obstinate?a1439 unpresta1500 ill-willing?1520 evil-willing1525 untowards1525 untowarda1530 unwilling1533 strange1548 ill-willed1549 dainty1553 relucting1553 squeamish?1553 nicea1560 loathful1561 coyish1566 coy1576 unhearty1583 costive1594 unready1595 tarrowinga1598 undisposed1597 involuntary1598 backward1600 retrograde1602 unpregnant1604 scrupulous1608 unprone1611 refractory1614 behindhanda1616 nilling1620 backwards1627 shya1628 retractable1632 reluctant1638 loughta1641 tendera1641 unapt1640 uninclinable1640 unbeteaming1642 boggling1645 averse1646 indisposed1646 aversant1657 incomposed1660 disinclined1703 unobliging1707 unconsenting1713 uninclined1729 tenacious1766 disinclinable1769 ill-disposed1771 unaffectioned1788 scruplesomec1800 back-handed1817 sweert1817 tharf1828 backward in coming forward1830 unvoluntary1834 misinclined1837 squeamy1838 balky1847 retractive1869 grudging1874 tharfish1876 unwishful1876 safety first1917 1627 J. Cosin Corr. (1869) I. 119 Slack or backwards in doing his..dutie. 1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici 481 Nor were..his Party backwards to blow up the Coals. Draft additions July 2010 backwards compatibility n. = backward compatibility n. at backward adv., adj., and n.² Additions. ΚΠ 1975 Communications Networks (Online Conferences Ltd.) 125 (heading) Backwards compatibility. 1992 UnixWorld Apr. 92/1 Most vendors ship their machines with UDP checksums turned off for backwards compatibility. 2004 Games TM Apr. 11/1 Nintendo has bullishly refused to follow typical conventions of what should be expected from a next-generation console (online gaming, backwards compatibility, DVD playback). Draft additions July 2010 backwards-compatible adj. = backward-compatible adj. at backward adv., adj., and n.² Additions. ΚΠ 1975 U.S. Patent 3,916,440 1 One of the main features is that the newer design recorders are backwards compatible, that is, can read data formats that have been used in the past. 1995 New Scientist 27 May 25/1 Any modifications to TV transmissions or video recordings must also be backwards compatible, so that owners of existing equipment continue to see 2D pictures while new equipment gives 3D. 2005 Computer Buyer May 25/2 802.11g is far more popular in the UK, largely because it's backwards-compatible with older 802.11b hardware. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.adj.1513
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