marigoldn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmarᵻɡəʊld/, U.S.

/ˈmɛrəˌɡoʊld/

Forms: Middle English maregowlde, Middle English mariegolde, Middle English marie-goold, Middle English marigoold, Middle English marigoolde, Middle English marygoldye (perhaps transmission error), Middle English marygoolde, Middle English–1500s marigoulde, Middle English–1500s marygolde, Middle English–1500s marygoulde, Middle English–1600s marigolde, Middle English–1600s mary-gould, Middle English– marigold, Middle English– marygold, 1500s maregolde, 1500s marligo (in sense A. 6), 1500s marligold (in sense A. 6), 1500s mary goule, 1500s mary gowle, 1600s marry-gold, 1900s– Mary-Gold (Caribbean), 1900s– Mary Gould (Caribbean); Scottish pre-1700 mareguld, pre-1700 marigould, pre-1700 mariguild, pre-1700 mariguld, pre-1700 maryguld, pre-1700 1700s– marigold, 1800s– mairyguild.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an Englsh element. Etymons: proper name Mary , gold n.²

Etymology: < the female forename Mary (presumably with reference to the Virgin Mary: see Mary n.¹) + gold n.² (the usual earlier English word for the plant (in sense A. 1a)).Compare Middle Dutch mārienblōme (diminutive mārienbloemkijn ; Dutch marienbloem ), Middle Low German mārienblōme (diminutive mārienblȫmeken ; German regional (Low German) Marienblaum , Marjenblöm , Marienblume ), German Marienblume (diminutive Marienblümchen ), lit. ‘Mary's flower’, usually denoting the daisy (though the Middle Dutch word renders solsequium marigold, in glossaries), another plant with flowers which open when the sun begins to shine. German tradition ascribes the origin of the name to a legend according to which the Virgin Mary, when picking a daisy for the baby Jesus, cut her finger, the drops of blood giving the characteristic red tips to the daisy's petals; an alternative Flemish tradition has the daisy originating in the tears spilt by the Virgin Mary. However, the foundation of the connection between Mary and both the daisy and the marigold may perhaps have been the association of Mary's responsiveness to God with these plants' characteristic property of opening in response to the sun's light (compare also the common typology of Jesus as the ‘sun of righteousness’ (see sun n.¹ 6a)). Occurs also in 15th cent. as seynt-marie-goold . For form and pronunciation history of the second element compare gold n.²; the pronunciation /ˈmierɪ ɡuol/ is recorded in 20th-cent. use in Jamaican English.

A. n.

I. A plant with golden or yellow flowers.

a. A plant of the genus Calendula (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)) with golden or bright yellow flowers; esp. C. officinalis (= pot marigold n. at pot n.¹ Compounds 2). Also: a flower or flowering stem of any of these plants.The property possessed by the flower of opening when the sun shines (whence the Latin name solsequium, French souci) was often referred to by writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. The flowers of C. officinalis were formerly used in medicines and conserves, and to give colour or flavour to foodstuffs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > marigold

goldOE

rudc1300

gold flowera1325

solseclea1350

rodeworta1398

marigolda1400

yellow-bottlea1400

yellow goldc1405

soussiea1425

solsequium1540

soucyc1550

sun's flower1568

solsequya1680

pot marigold1760

tagetes1792

calendula1871

a1400 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 55 (MED) Another drynk to wounde: tak confery, marigolde, matfelon, mylfoyle.

?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 67^v (MED) Solsequium: Redewort [read Rodewort] oþer marygoldye [perh. read marygoldys].

a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 81 Take..1 quatron of mary-goulden.

1526 Grete Herball cxxxi. sig. Hv/2 Calendula. Mary gowles, or ruddes.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xiii. 164 The conserue that is made of the floures of Mary~goldes..cureth the trembling..of the harte.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller 9 The Marigold, which opens and shuts with the Sunne.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 600 Calendula multiflora orbiculata. Double Globe Marigolde.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 603 Calendula alpina. Mountaine Marigold.

1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widdow sig. D2^v His wit, like the Marigold, openeth with the Sunne.

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xiii. 237 Take a pottle of water, and put into it two handful of Mary-golds .

1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week i. 46 Fair is the Mary-Gold, for Pottage meet.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Marygold The flowers of the common marygold..promote sweat, and are good to throw out small-pox, or any other eruption.

1839 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch (rev. ed.) xxiv. 306 The porter..was in prime condition, with a ream as yellow as a marigold.

1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) viii. 72 The small front-gardens had the unaccountable property of producing nothing but marigolds.

1895 Mrs. H. Ward Bessie Costrell i. 8 Phloxes and marigolds grew untidily about their doorways.

1936 E. S. Rohde Herbs & Herb Gardening ix. 128 Marigolds, including the old Pot Marigold.., have for some years been coming into favour again.

2001 Austral. Gourmet Traveller Aug. 122/1 Two sticks of incense burn beneath a picture of the smiling Hindu elephant god Ganesh and a garland of orange and yellow marigolds hangs from the rear-view mirror.

b. A plant of the genus Tagetes (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)), native to Central and South America and Mexico but cultivated elsewhere, and having feathery foliage and flowers in various shades of yellow, orange, maroon, etc.; esp. T. erecta (more fully African marigold) and T. patula (= French marigold n.). Also: a flower or flowering stem of any of these plants. Usually with distinguishing word.The identity of the plant referred to in quot. 1548 is unclear. Turner does not list it among the ‘Names of newe founde Herbes, wherof is no mention in any olde auncient wryter’, implying that he associated the name ‘french Marigoulde’ not with the exotic Tagetes, but with an established Old World plant (perhaps a yellow pansy or wallflower).

ΘΚΠ

French marigold1548

velvet-flower1548

marigold1578

Turkey gilliflower1578

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.viij Viola flammea..otherwyse called Phlox or Phlogion is the herbe as Gesner thynketh, whiche is called in duche Fluelblum, and in englishe veluet floure or french Marigoulde.]

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxv. 176 We do call this floure Turkie Gillofers, and French Marygoldes.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Oeillet d'Inde, the Turkie, or Affrican Marigold, or Gilliflower; also, the French Marigold, or Gingioline flower (which is the single kind of the Affrican).

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvi. 397 French and African Marigolds, two of the gaudy annuals of the flower garden.

1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 150 Wreaths of evil-smelling marigolds (that noxious flower so amazingly dear to the native of India).

1917 H. W. R. Marloth Dict. Common Names Plants 48 Khaki bush, Tagetes minuta, one of the Mexican marigolds which has become a troublesome weed.

1975 Country Life 13 Feb. 388/2 Tagetes marigolds are not at all bad in shade.

2002 Horticulture July–Aug. 24/2 Perhaps they haven't yet discovered the charming Gem series of signet marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia ).

†c. The corn marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > corn-marigold

yellow-bottlea1400

golden cornflower1578

marigold1578

corn-marigold1597

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxxiii 190 Of Goldenfloure, or the wild Marygolde.

1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 72 Ripe October's faded marigolds.

1838 M. Howitt Birds & Flowers 87 The poppy red, the marigold, The buglos brightly blue.

d. Caribbean. Any of several plants of the genus Wedelia (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)), which are low-growing weeds with bright yellow flowers. Also: the bur-marigold Bidens reptans.

ΚΠ

1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 785 Marygold: Wedelia carnosa.

1955 W. Indian Med. Jrnl. 4 160 Wedelia gracilis..Marigold.

1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk xvi. 385 Mary Gould (applied to at least two plants).

a. With distinguishing word: any of various related or similar plants.bur, Cape, corn-, fetid, fig, marsh, Spanish, water, West Indian marigold: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 32 The Braue Bassinet, or Marshe Marigolde.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisus (1656) xxv. 207 The great double Windflower of Constantinople...Some gentlewomen call this Anemone, The Spanish Marigold.

1786 J. Abercrombie Gardeners Daily Assistant 115 Sow..cape-marigold, yellow sultan, Virginia tobacco, &c.

1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 256 Nodding Bur Marigold.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 156 They include diverse families like the cacti (Cactaceae), pinks (Caryophyllaceae),..and fig-marigolds (Aizoaceae).

†b. marigold of Peru n. a sunflower (genus Helianthus). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

golden flower of Peru1578

Indian sun1578

girasola1586

flower of the sun1597

marigold of Peru1597

marigold sunflower1597

sunflower1597

turnsole1725

sun-seeker1847

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 612 Of the flower of the Sunne, or the Marigolde of Peru.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage viii. ii. 616 The flower of the Sunne is no longer the Marigold of Peru, but groweth in many places with vs in England.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. iv. 96 He beareth Argent, a flower of the sun, with one leaf sliped. This is called the Corn Marigold of Peru, of which there are two sorts, the one bearing round, the other oval yellow flowers.

3. The flower of the marigold (esp. in sense A. 1a), as represented in art and heraldry.

ΚΠ

1595 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 192/1 For making puffinges..of lawne by hand for the Jewells to stand on, being tufted with sleve silke and powdered with marygoldes.

1614 W. Segar MS. Harl. 6140 f. 79 To Y^e wife of molins…Florio Aug^t 1614 per W^m segar Garter. [caption to illustration of a coat of arms bearing a flower] a mary-gould.

1634 in J. O. Halliwell Anc. Inventories (1854) 24 One other linnen sweete-bagge imbroydered with marygolds.

1894 H. Gough & J. Parker Gloss. Terms Heraldry (new ed.) 392 Three squirrels sejant argent, each holding a marigold slipped proper.

1986 P. Lewis & G. Darley Dict. Ornament 242/2 His [sc. William Morris's] designs include columbines,..marigolds, daisies, jasmine, etc.

4. The bright orange-yellow colour of the marigold flower. See also marigold colour adj. and n. at Compounds 1.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 420 Red with yellow, produces orange... To this shade may be referred flame colour,..marigold.

1923 Daily Mail 28 Feb. 1/3 (advt.) Shades of..Jade, Silver Grey or Marigold.

1975 Country Life 20 Mar. 744/2 Their clothes are matched to a limited number of colours...there are cornflower/cool cornflower, mint/cool mint, and marigold/cool marigold.

†II. Extended uses.

a. Some kind of jewellery setting, perhaps of the colour of a marigold flower. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > setting > types of

marigold1529

bezel1616

fermillet1633

folier1671

millegrain1927

1529 in J. G. Nichols & J. Bruce Wills Doctors' Commons (1863) 19 A mullett of dyamountes set in maregolde.

b. slang. A gold coin (probably a sovereign or unite). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings

goldfinch1602

Harry sovereign1615

piece1631

jingle-boya1640

yellow boy1654

quid1661

marigold1663

broad-piece1678

pound piecea1715

gold penny1736

sovereign1817

dragon1827

sov1829

chip?1836

couter1846

thick 'un1848

monarch1851

James1858

skiv1858

Victoria1870

goblin1887

red one1890

Jimmy1899

quidlet1902

Jimmy O'Goblin1931

pound coin1931

1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. ii. iii. 17 Aur. Give but a Bill under your hand to pay me five hundred pounds in Gold [etc.]... Pun. I'l..presently go put five hundred Mari-golds in a purse for you.

c. A small cake garnished with almonds and currant jelly, made to resemble a marigold flower. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > small cake > types of small cake

lozengec1430

rundle1587

macaroon1611

cookie1701

Savoy biscuit1719

queen cake1734

madling cake1747

dough1777

butter biscuit1789

rock cake1815

biscuit1818

madeleine1829

éclair1861

fairy cake1867

puftaloon1871

Eccles cake1872

petit four1875

rock bun1879

baby cake1880

rock1892

marigold1896

sponge finger1906

muffin top1914

palmier1920

lamington1929

whoopee pie1929

mandazi1937

French fancy1969

fondant fancy1974

1896 Sun 11 Dec. 1/7 Those dainty little cakes called ‘marigolds’.

6. In full marigold apple. A variety of apple with a striped skin. Also marigold spice-apple. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples

Bretonc1390

stur1483

marigold apple1577

fritter1591

Margaret1597

critling1611

cat's-head1617

rosiar1620

rose apple1626

snouting1651

roundling1655

mayflower1664

red greening1664

seaming1664

sheep's snout1664

spicing apple1664

violet-apple1664

pomme d'api1676

rathe-ripe1677

rose1678

lady's finger1688

stone apple1736

sops-in-wine1764

stone pippin1769

Manx codlin1818

Rymer1820

Roxbury russet1826

souring1832

genet1833

tompot1836

Wagener1848

flesh and blood1853

pick-thong1871

virgin1886

Jon1931

Idared1942

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 87 We haue at this day that are cheefe in price the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyal, the Marligold [sic].

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 587 The Marligo is the same, that is called the Marigold apple.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 58 in Sylva Apples..Winter-Queening, Marigold, Harvey-apple.

1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 40 The Marigold-apple (sometimes called Johns Permain, the Kate-apple, and the Onion-apple).

1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 159 The Marigold-Apple, (so called from its being marked in even stripes in the form of a Marigold).

1710 W. Salmon Family Dict. (ed. 5) 78 Such [cider] as is made of the choicest Apples, as..Marigold Apple, Queen Apple, Codling, &c.

1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Malus The Marrigo is the same, that is called the Marigold Apple; it is a middle-siz'd Apple, very yellow on the outside, shadowed over as it were with red, and more red on one side.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 1063 (note) Marygold spice-apple; yellow ground, light brown about the stem, highly and beautifully tinged with pink, mild acid, of a spicy relish, makes excellent cider..; it is a delicate fruit also for the table, and keeps long.

†III. With reference to Queen Mary I of England (1514–58).

7. A follower or supporter of Queen Mary I. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1558 J. Hales in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1576) II. 2006/1 Men..who were Marygouldes, that folowed Maryes madde affections.

B. adj.

Of the colour of the marigold flower, bright orange-yellow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > bright yellow

sunnisha1413

sunnyc1500

canary1818

sunshine yellow1835

marigold1872

buttercup1879

nasturtium-yellow1892

sunglow1924

sun-yellow1924

1872 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 55 I am jaundiced all marigold under the eyes.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables ii. 30 To the west a dark church spire rose up against a marigold sky.

1916 D. H. Lawrence Amores 49 Cluck, my marigold bird, and again Cluck for your yellow darlings.

1977 D. Abse Coll. Poems 12 Their faces gold in the marigold sunset.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

marigold arrangement n.

ΚΠ

1899 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis (ed. 4) i. 65 Where the segments are fewer..and result in the characteristic marigold arrangement, the diagnosis of quartan fever may be made.

marigold colour adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1600 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 314/3 Item one Juppe and Saufegarde of orenge colour or marigolde colour vellat.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 56 A gummy fluid, of a marigold colour.

1993 J. Bauling Ransacked Heart (BNC) viii The dark grey eyes swept the vivid marigold colour of her short tight skirt.

2013 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 18 Aug. d1 The marigold-color appliances are equal parts authentic '70s-era resale finds augmented with re-created bits and pieces.

marigold flower n.

ΚΠ

c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 320 Tak..a grete quantitee of marigold flours.

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. vi. f. 20 The flaryng Marigolde floure, whiche in the moste feruent heate of the Sommers daie, doeth appere moste glorious.

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 85 Eat Marigold Flowers daily, as a Sallad.

1988 R. Mabey Compl. New Herbal 46 Marigold flowers are an excellent remedy for inflamed or ulcerated conditions.

marigold leaf n.

ΚΠ

c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 169 Tak marigolde leues..& do þer to a good quantyte of hony.

1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 154 The Juyce of Marigold Leavs mixed with Vinegar, and any hot swelling bathed in it, instantly giveth ease and asswageth it.

1939 M. Rukeyser Turning Wind 49 The deep grass, the stamping grass and parsley, marigold leaves and daisies.

C2.

marigold apple n. see sense A. 6.

† marigold bird n. Obsolete rare = marigold finch n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Sylviidae (warbler) > [noun] > genus Regulus > regulus regulus (goldcrest)

yellowbird1625

regulus1750

basilisk1753

marigold bird1772

nettle creeper1772

goldcrest1819

marigold finch1828

kinglet1835

woodcock pilot1871

thumb bird1885

tot-o'er-seas1885

herring spink1906

pope's eye1965

1772 J. Rutty Ess. Nat. Hist. Dublin I. 313 Nettle creeper or Marigold Bird, from the fine crown on its head, of the colour of a Marigold flower.

marigold finch n. rare the goldcrest, Regulus regulus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Sylviidae (warbler) > [noun] > genus Regulus > regulus regulus (goldcrest)

yellowbird1625

regulus1750

basilisk1753

marigold bird1772

nettle creeper1772

goldcrest1819

marigold finch1828

kinglet1835

woodcock pilot1871

thumb bird1885

tot-o'er-seas1885

herring spink1906

pope's eye1965

1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 72 Golden-crested Wren..Mary~gold Finch.

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 25 Goldcrest... So called from its crest of golden-coloured feathers, from which..it has received the names of Golden-crested wren,..Marigold finch, [etc.].

† marigold sunflower n. Obsolete rare a ‘female’ sunflower (see quot. 1597).

ΘΚΠ

golden flower of Peru1578

Indian sun1578

girasola1586

flower of the sun1597

marigold of Peru1597

marigold sunflower1597

sunflower1597

turnsole1725

sun-seeker1847

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 614 The female or Marigolde Sunne flower hath a thicke and wooddie roote.

† marigold water n. Obsolete a decoction of marigold flowers; also †marigold flower water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > decoction > [noun] > of flowers

anthine1601

marigold water1639

tampoy1656

peony water1678

clary-wine1727

1639 Distiller of London 12 Aq. Calendulæ, Marigold-water.

1692 W. Y-Worth Introitus Apertus 78 Aqua Calendularum, or, Marigold Water.

1696 W. Salmon Family-dict. (ed. 2) Marigold-Water... This is an excellent Water for Inflamed Eyes... Marigold-flower-Water.

marigold window n. Architecture a rose window.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > round windows

roundel1574

oeil-de-boeuf1728

marigold window1736

rose window1738

wheel-window1821

rose1823

rosette1836

rosace1837

bull's-eye1842

Catherine-wheel window1848

ox-eye1875

1736 F. Drake Eboracum ii. ii. 529 A fine piece of masonry [in York Minster] in form of a wheel, or as Mr. Torre writes a marygold, from whence it is called the marygold window.

1837 B. Winkles French Cathedrals 7 A rose or marigold window is placed over the central opening.

1910 N.E.D. at Rose-window A Catherine or marigold window.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	marigold
释义	marigoldn.adj. Brit. /ˈmarᵻɡəʊld/, U.S. /ˈmɛrəˌɡoʊld/ Forms: Middle English maregowlde, Middle English mariegolde, Middle English marie-goold, Middle English marigoold, Middle English marigoolde, Middle English marygoldye (perhaps transmission error), Middle English marygoolde, Middle English–1500s marigoulde, Middle English–1500s marygolde, Middle English–1500s marygoulde, Middle English–1600s marigolde, Middle English–1600s mary-gould, Middle English– marigold, Middle English– marygold, 1500s maregolde, 1500s marligo (in sense A. 6), 1500s marligold (in sense A. 6), 1500s mary goule, 1500s mary gowle, 1600s marry-gold, 1900s– Mary-Gold (Caribbean), 1900s– Mary Gould (Caribbean); Scottish pre-1700 mareguld, pre-1700 marigould, pre-1700 mariguild, pre-1700 mariguld, pre-1700 maryguld, pre-1700 1700s– marigold, 1800s– mairyguild. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an Englsh element. Etymons: proper name Mary , gold n.² Etymology: < the female forename Mary (presumably with reference to the Virgin Mary: see Mary n.¹) + gold n.² (the usual earlier English word for the plant (in sense A. 1a)).Compare Middle Dutch mārienblōme (diminutive mārienbloemkijn ; Dutch marienbloem ), Middle Low German mārienblōme (diminutive mārienblȫmeken ; German regional (Low German) Marienblaum , Marjenblöm , Marienblume ), German Marienblume (diminutive Marienblümchen ), lit. ‘Mary's flower’, usually denoting the daisy (though the Middle Dutch word renders solsequium marigold, in glossaries), another plant with flowers which open when the sun begins to shine. German tradition ascribes the origin of the name to a legend according to which the Virgin Mary, when picking a daisy for the baby Jesus, cut her finger, the drops of blood giving the characteristic red tips to the daisy's petals; an alternative Flemish tradition has the daisy originating in the tears spilt by the Virgin Mary. However, the foundation of the connection between Mary and both the daisy and the marigold may perhaps have been the association of Mary's responsiveness to God with these plants' characteristic property of opening in response to the sun's light (compare also the common typology of Jesus as the ‘sun of righteousness’ (see sun n.¹ 6a)). Occurs also in 15th cent. as seynt-marie-goold . For form and pronunciation history of the second element compare gold n.²; the pronunciation /ˈmierɪ ɡuol/ is recorded in 20th-cent. use in Jamaican English. A. n. I. A plant with golden or yellow flowers. 1. a. A plant of the genus Calendula (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)) with golden or bright yellow flowers; esp. C. officinalis (= pot marigold n. at pot n.¹ Compounds 2). Also: a flower or flowering stem of any of these plants.The property possessed by the flower of opening when the sun shines (whence the Latin name solsequium, French souci) was often referred to by writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. The flowers of C. officinalis were formerly used in medicines and conserves, and to give colour or flavour to foodstuffs. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > marigold goldOE rudc1300 gold flowera1325 solseclea1350 rodeworta1398 marigolda1400 yellow-bottlea1400 yellow goldc1405 soussiea1425 solsequium1540 soucyc1550 sun's flower1568 solsequya1680 pot marigold1760 tagetes1792 calendula1871 a1400 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 55 (MED) Another drynk to wounde: tak confery, marigolde, matfelon, mylfoyle. ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 67^v (MED) Solsequium: Redewort [read Rodewort] oþer marygoldye [perh. read marygoldys]. a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 81 Take..1 quatron of mary-goulden. 1526 Grete Herball cxxxi. sig. Hv/2 Calendula. Mary gowles, or ruddes. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xiii. 164 The conserue that is made of the floures of Mary~goldes..cureth the trembling..of the harte. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller 9 The Marigold, which opens and shuts with the Sunne. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 600 Calendula multiflora orbiculata. Double Globe Marigolde. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 603 Calendula alpina. Mountaine Marigold. 1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widdow sig. D2^v His wit, like the Marigold, openeth with the Sunne. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xiii. 237 Take a pottle of water, and put into it two handful of Mary-golds . View more context for this quotation 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week i. 46 Fair is the Mary-Gold, for Pottage meet. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Marygold The flowers of the common marygold..promote sweat, and are good to throw out small-pox, or any other eruption. 1839 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch (rev. ed.) xxiv. 306 The porter..was in prime condition, with a ream as yellow as a marigold. 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) viii. 72 The small front-gardens had the unaccountable property of producing nothing but marigolds. 1895 Mrs. H. Ward Bessie Costrell i. 8 Phloxes and marigolds grew untidily about their doorways. 1936 E. S. Rohde Herbs & Herb Gardening ix. 128 Marigolds, including the old Pot Marigold.., have for some years been coming into favour again. 2001 Austral. Gourmet Traveller Aug. 122/1 Two sticks of incense burn beneath a picture of the smiling Hindu elephant god Ganesh and a garland of orange and yellow marigolds hangs from the rear-view mirror. b. A plant of the genus Tagetes (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)), native to Central and South America and Mexico but cultivated elsewhere, and having feathery foliage and flowers in various shades of yellow, orange, maroon, etc.; esp. T. erecta (more fully African marigold) and T. patula (= French marigold n.). Also: a flower or flowering stem of any of these plants. Usually with distinguishing word.The identity of the plant referred to in quot. 1548 is unclear. Turner does not list it among the ‘Names of newe founde Herbes, wherof is no mention in any olde auncient wryter’, implying that he associated the name ‘french Marigoulde’ not with the exotic Tagetes, but with an established Old World plant (perhaps a yellow pansy or wallflower). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > marigold > French marigold French marigold1548 velvet-flower1548 marigold1578 Turkey gilliflower1578 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.viij Viola flammea..otherwyse called Phlox or Phlogion is the herbe as Gesner thynketh, whiche is called in duche Fluelblum, and in englishe veluet floure or french Marigoulde.] 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxv. 176 We do call this floure Turkie Gillofers, and French Marygoldes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Oeillet d'Inde, the Turkie, or Affrican Marigold, or Gilliflower; also, the French Marigold, or Gingioline flower (which is the single kind of the Affrican). 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvi. 397 French and African Marigolds, two of the gaudy annuals of the flower garden. 1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 150 Wreaths of evil-smelling marigolds (that noxious flower so amazingly dear to the native of India). 1917 H. W. R. Marloth Dict. Common Names Plants 48 Khaki bush, Tagetes minuta, one of the Mexican marigolds which has become a troublesome weed. 1975 Country Life 13 Feb. 388/2 Tagetes marigolds are not at all bad in shade. 2002 Horticulture July–Aug. 24/2 Perhaps they haven't yet discovered the charming Gem series of signet marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia ). †c. The corn marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > corn-marigold yellow-bottlea1400 golden cornflower1578 marigold1578 corn-marigold1597 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxxiii 190 Of Goldenfloure, or the wild Marygolde. 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 72 Ripe October's faded marigolds. 1838 M. Howitt Birds & Flowers 87 The poppy red, the marigold, The buglos brightly blue. d. Caribbean. Any of several plants of the genus Wedelia (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)), which are low-growing weeds with bright yellow flowers. Also: the bur-marigold Bidens reptans. ΚΠ 1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 785 Marygold: Wedelia carnosa. 1955 W. Indian Med. Jrnl. 4 160 Wedelia gracilis..Marigold. 1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk xvi. 385 Mary Gould (applied to at least two plants). 2. a. With distinguishing word: any of various related or similar plants.bur, Cape, corn-, fetid, fig, marsh, Spanish, water, West Indian marigold: see the first element. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 32 The Braue Bassinet, or Marshe Marigolde. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisus (1656) xxv. 207 The great double Windflower of Constantinople...Some gentlewomen call this Anemone, The Spanish Marigold. 1786 J. Abercrombie Gardeners Daily Assistant 115 Sow..cape-marigold, yellow sultan, Virginia tobacco, &c. 1855 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 256 Nodding Bur Marigold. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 156 They include diverse families like the cacti (Cactaceae), pinks (Caryophyllaceae),..and fig-marigolds (Aizoaceae). †b. marigold of Peru n. a sunflower (genus Helianthus). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > sunflower golden flower of Peru1578 Indian sun1578 girasola1586 flower of the sun1597 marigold of Peru1597 marigold sunflower1597 sunflower1597 turnsole1725 sun-seeker1847 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 612 Of the flower of the Sunne, or the Marigolde of Peru. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage viii. ii. 616 The flower of the Sunne is no longer the Marigold of Peru, but groweth in many places with vs in England. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. iv. 96 He beareth Argent, a flower of the sun, with one leaf sliped. This is called the Corn Marigold of Peru, of which there are two sorts, the one bearing round, the other oval yellow flowers. 3. The flower of the marigold (esp. in sense A. 1a), as represented in art and heraldry. ΚΠ 1595 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 192/1 For making puffinges..of lawne by hand for the Jewells to stand on, being tufted with sleve silke and powdered with marygoldes. 1614 W. Segar MS. Harl. 6140 f. 79 To Y^e wife of molins…Florio Aug^t 1614 per W^m segar Garter. [caption to illustration of a coat of arms bearing a flower] a mary-gould. 1634 in J. O. Halliwell Anc. Inventories (1854) 24 One other linnen sweete-bagge imbroydered with marygolds. 1894 H. Gough & J. Parker Gloss. Terms Heraldry (new ed.) 392 Three squirrels sejant argent, each holding a marigold slipped proper. 1986 P. Lewis & G. Darley Dict. Ornament 242/2 His [sc. William Morris's] designs include columbines,..marigolds, daisies, jasmine, etc. 4. The bright orange-yellow colour of the marigold flower. See also marigold colour adj. and n. at Compounds 1. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 420 Red with yellow, produces orange... To this shade may be referred flame colour,..marigold. 1923 Daily Mail 28 Feb. 1/3 (advt.) Shades of..Jade, Silver Grey or Marigold. 1975 Country Life 20 Mar. 744/2 Their clothes are matched to a limited number of colours...there are cornflower/cool cornflower, mint/cool mint, and marigold/cool marigold. †II. Extended uses. 5. a. Some kind of jewellery setting, perhaps of the colour of a marigold flower. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > setting > types of marigold1529 bezel1616 fermillet1633 folier1671 millegrain1927 1529 in J. G. Nichols & J. Bruce Wills Doctors' Commons (1863) 19 A mullett of dyamountes set in maregolde. b. slang. A gold coin (probably a sovereign or unite). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings goldfinch1602 Harry sovereign1615 piece1631 jingle-boya1640 yellow boy1654 quid1661 marigold1663 broad-piece1678 pound piecea1715 gold penny1736 sovereign1817 dragon1827 sov1829 chip?1836 couter1846 thick 'un1848 monarch1851 James1858 skiv1858 Victoria1870 goblin1887 red one1890 Jimmy1899 quidlet1902 Jimmy O'Goblin1931 pound coin1931 1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. ii. iii. 17 Aur. Give but a Bill under your hand to pay me five hundred pounds in Gold [etc.]... Pun. I'l..presently go put five hundred Mari-golds in a purse for you. c. A small cake garnished with almonds and currant jelly, made to resemble a marigold flower. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > small cake > types of small cake lozengec1430 rundle1587 macaroon1611 cookie1701 Savoy biscuit1719 queen cake1734 madling cake1747 dough1777 butter biscuit1789 rock cake1815 biscuit1818 madeleine1829 éclair1861 fairy cake1867 puftaloon1871 Eccles cake1872 petit four1875 rock bun1879 baby cake1880 rock1892 marigold1896 sponge finger1906 muffin top1914 palmier1920 lamington1929 whoopee pie1929 mandazi1937 French fancy1969 fondant fancy1974 1896 Sun 11 Dec. 1/7 Those dainty little cakes called ‘marigolds’. 6. In full marigold apple. A variety of apple with a striped skin. Also marigold spice-apple. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples Bretonc1390 stur1483 marigold apple1577 fritter1591 Margaret1597 critling1611 cat's-head1617 rosiar1620 rose apple1626 snouting1651 roundling1655 mayflower1664 red greening1664 seaming1664 sheep's snout1664 spicing apple1664 violet-apple1664 pomme d'api1676 rathe-ripe1677 rose1678 lady's finger1688 stone apple1736 sops-in-wine1764 stone pippin1769 Manx codlin1818 Rymer1820 Roxbury russet1826 souring1832 genet1833 tompot1836 Wagener1848 flesh and blood1853 pick-thong1871 virgin1886 Jon1931 Idared1942 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 87 We haue at this day that are cheefe in price the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyal, the Marligold [sic]. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 587 The Marligo is the same, that is called the Marigold apple. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 58 in Sylva Apples..Winter-Queening, Marigold, Harvey-apple. 1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 40 The Marigold-apple (sometimes called Johns Permain, the Kate-apple, and the Onion-apple). 1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 159 The Marigold-Apple, (so called from its being marked in even stripes in the form of a Marigold). 1710 W. Salmon Family Dict. (ed. 5) 78 Such [cider] as is made of the choicest Apples, as..Marigold Apple, Queen Apple, Codling, &c. 1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Malus The Marrigo is the same, that is called the Marigold Apple; it is a middle-siz'd Apple, very yellow on the outside, shadowed over as it were with red, and more red on one side. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 1063 (note) Marygold spice-apple; yellow ground, light brown about the stem, highly and beautifully tinged with pink, mild acid, of a spicy relish, makes excellent cider..; it is a delicate fruit also for the table, and keeps long. †III. With reference to Queen Mary I of England (1514–58). 7. A follower or supporter of Queen Mary I. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1558 J. Hales in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1576) II. 2006/1 Men..who were Marygouldes, that folowed Maryes madde affections. B. adj. Of the colour of the marigold flower, bright orange-yellow. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > bright yellow sunnisha1413 sunnyc1500 canary1818 sunshine yellow1835 marigold1872 buttercup1879 nasturtium-yellow1892 sunglow1924 sun-yellow1924 1872 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 55 I am jaundiced all marigold under the eyes. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables ii. 30 To the west a dark church spire rose up against a marigold sky. 1916 D. H. Lawrence Amores 49 Cluck, my marigold bird, and again Cluck for your yellow darlings. 1977 D. Abse Coll. Poems 12 Their faces gold in the marigold sunset. Compounds C1. General attributive. marigold arrangement n. ΚΠ 1899 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis (ed. 4) i. 65 Where the segments are fewer..and result in the characteristic marigold arrangement, the diagnosis of quartan fever may be made. marigold colour adj. and n. ΚΠ 1600 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 314/3 Item one Juppe and Saufegarde of orenge colour or marigolde colour vellat. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 56 A gummy fluid, of a marigold colour. 1993 J. Bauling Ransacked Heart (BNC) viii The dark grey eyes swept the vivid marigold colour of her short tight skirt. 2013 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 18 Aug. d1 The marigold-color appliances are equal parts authentic '70s-era resale finds augmented with re-created bits and pieces. marigold flower n. ΚΠ c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 320 Tak..a grete quantitee of marigold flours. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. vi. f. 20 The flaryng Marigolde floure, whiche in the moste feruent heate of the Sommers daie, doeth appere moste glorious. 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 85 Eat Marigold Flowers daily, as a Sallad. 1988 R. Mabey Compl. New Herbal 46 Marigold flowers are an excellent remedy for inflamed or ulcerated conditions. marigold leaf n. ΚΠ c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 169 Tak marigolde leues..& do þer to a good quantyte of hony. 1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 154 The Juyce of Marigold Leavs mixed with Vinegar, and any hot swelling bathed in it, instantly giveth ease and asswageth it. 1939 M. Rukeyser Turning Wind 49 The deep grass, the stamping grass and parsley, marigold leaves and daisies. C2. marigold apple n. see sense A. 6. † marigold bird n. Obsolete rare = marigold finch n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Sylviidae (warbler) > [noun] > genus Regulus > regulus regulus (goldcrest) yellowbird1625 regulus1750 basilisk1753 marigold bird1772 nettle creeper1772 goldcrest1819 marigold finch1828 kinglet1835 woodcock pilot1871 thumb bird1885 tot-o'er-seas1885 herring spink1906 pope's eye1965 1772 J. Rutty Ess. Nat. Hist. Dublin I. 313 Nettle creeper or Marigold Bird, from the fine crown on its head, of the colour of a Marigold flower. marigold finch n. rare the goldcrest, Regulus regulus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Sylviidae (warbler) > [noun] > genus Regulus > regulus regulus (goldcrest) yellowbird1625 regulus1750 basilisk1753 marigold bird1772 nettle creeper1772 goldcrest1819 marigold finch1828 kinglet1835 woodcock pilot1871 thumb bird1885 tot-o'er-seas1885 herring spink1906 pope's eye1965 1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 72 Golden-crested Wren..Mary~gold Finch. 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 25 Goldcrest... So called from its crest of golden-coloured feathers, from which..it has received the names of Golden-crested wren,..Marigold finch, [etc.]. † marigold sunflower n. Obsolete rare a ‘female’ sunflower (see quot. 1597). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > sunflower golden flower of Peru1578 Indian sun1578 girasola1586 flower of the sun1597 marigold of Peru1597 marigold sunflower1597 sunflower1597 turnsole1725 sun-seeker1847 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 614 The female or Marigolde Sunne flower hath a thicke and wooddie roote. † marigold water n. Obsolete a decoction of marigold flowers; also †marigold flower water. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > decoction > [noun] > of flowers anthine1601 marigold water1639 tampoy1656 peony water1678 clary-wine1727 1639 Distiller of London 12 Aq. Calendulæ, Marigold-water. 1692 W. Y-Worth Introitus Apertus 78 Aqua Calendularum, or, Marigold Water. 1696 W. Salmon Family-dict. (ed. 2) Marigold-Water... This is an excellent Water for Inflamed Eyes... Marigold-flower-Water. marigold window n. Architecture a rose window. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > round windows roundel1574 oeil-de-boeuf1728 marigold window1736 rose window1738 wheel-window1821 rose1823 rosette1836 rosace1837 bull's-eye1842 Catherine-wheel window1848 ox-eye1875 1736 F. Drake Eboracum ii. ii. 529 A fine piece of masonry [in York Minster] in form of a wheel, or as Mr. Torre writes a marygold, from whence it is called the marygold window. 1837 B. Winkles French Cathedrals 7 A rose or marigold window is placed over the central opening. 1910 N.E.D. at Rose-window A Catherine or marigold window. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1400
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