† martletn.¹

Forms: late Middle English martilet, late Middle English mertlete, 1600s–1800s martlet.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: martret n.

Etymology: Probably a variant of martret n. (although the latter is only attested once, and later than the present word). Compare martel n.²

Obsolete.

Originally: the fur or dressed skin of the marten. In later use: a marten.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of marten

martena1300

martlet1395

marters1401

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Martes (marten)

marter?c1250

mertrick1424

martenc1425

marder1607

martel1607

marten-weasel1607

wejack1692

martlet1693

mart1714

marten-cat1790

1395 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Wills Court of Husting (1890) II. 317 (MED) [His best gown furred with] martilet.

1618 ( Inventory in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 182 A vestment of white fustian with black mertletes.

1693 J. Ray Synopsis Animalium Quadrupedum 200 Martes aliis Foyna, a Martin or Martlet.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Martes, the Martin, or Martlet..the name of a creature of the weasel kind.

1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry IV. Gloss. Martlet, more commonly Mertrick, a kind of large weesel, which bears a rich fur.

1882 F. Michel Crit. Inq. Sc. Lang. vii. 134 The martin..was called martrik, mertrik, martlet, martrise.]

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

martletn.²

Brit.

/ˈmɑːtlᵻt/, U.S.

/ˈmɑrtlət/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s martilet, 1500s martelette, 1500s martlette, 1500s martlitt, 1500s 1700s martlett, 1500s– martlet, 1700s martelett.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by blending. Etymons: martinet n.¹, French merlet.

Etymology: Probably a blend of martinet n.¹ and Anglo-Norman merlet, Middle French merlette heraldic bird (see merlette n.) (compare also Middle French, French martelet swift (1560)). Compare marlet n., merlion n.¹Sense 1 of the present word seems to be after martinet n.¹, while the heraldic use in sense 2 appears to be after Anglo-Norman merlet and Middle French merlette . The Anglo-Norman word also occurs simply denoting the blackbird, and ‘small blackbird’ was probably all that was at first intended in heraldic depictions; however, since the heraldic merlete was smaller than the heraldic merle , its outline was simplified, and it was conventionally represented without feet (and, in French heraldry, without a beak); this deficiency came to be regarded as one of its distinctive features, and hence probably led to the confusion with a word for the swift, a bird with short legs and small feet (compare the modern genus name Apus Apus n.).

1. Originally: the swift, Apus apus. Later also: the house martin, Delichon urbica. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Apodidae > genus Apus > apus apus (swift)

martinet1440

martleta1460

marlet1530

swift1668

black martin1673

Apus1774

longwing1786

deviling1797

devilet1828

flap-wing1834

squealer1854

devil1885

devil bird1885

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 2601 (MED) The martilet at scaling wont to calle is.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Apedes, a byrde whose fete be so lytle, that they seeme to haue none. I suppose they be martlettes.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 134 Yong Sparrowes, Martelettes and other small byrdes.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ix. 27 Which..like the Martlet Builds in the weather on the outward wall.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cx. 28 First the Martlet meets it in the sky.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 213 The Martin, or Martinet, or Martlet.

1765 W. Stevenson Vertumnus in Orig. Poems I. 120 Noisy martlets, in phantastic play, And keen pursuit, winging their airy way.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 3 The sweet twitter of the martlet at my window.

1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 443 I'll stay here till the woodcock comes, and the martlet takes her wing.

1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxiii. 109 When airy martlet, sipping of the pool, Touches it to a ripple that stirs not The lilies.

1881 E. H. Hickey Sculptor 32 I heard the myriad Spring-sounds upon the delicate air That was round the martlet's procreant nest.

1922 E. R. Eddison Worm Ouroboros xiv. 205 At length when winter was gone in middle earth, and the spring far spent, back came that last little martlet.

2. Heraldry. A bird with no feet and tufts of feathers for legs, borne as a charge or as a mark of cadency for a fourth son.According to English heraldic writers, the use of a footless bird (often identified with the swift) was meant to symbolize the son's position as having no footing in the ancestral lands (see quot. 1610²).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [noun] > heraldic birds

eaglec1380

swana1400

phoenix?a1425

pelicana1430

ravena1450

merlette1451

popinjayc1460

eagletc1494

merliona1500

martletc1519

merlion?a1549

spread eagle1550

meropie1572

spread eaglet1602

alerion1625

liver1668

shoveller1780

eagle in her majesty?1828

double eagle1861

hirondelle1880

pelican in her piety1885

c1519 R. Amadas in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. xxviii. 295 Item iij gilte Boolls withe a Cover strekin withe Martletts.

a1550 in S. Baring-Gould & R. W. Twigge Armory Western Counties (1898) 5 Bodleigh: Arg: 5 martlets 3, 2, on a cheife sab: 3 coronets or.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xvii. 163 He beareth Azure, a Bend Argent, Cottized Or, betweene six Martlets of the same... The Martlet or Martinet (saith Bekenhawb) hath legges so exceeding short, that they can by no meanes goe.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xvii. 164^v The Martlet..[is] also giuen for a difference of younger brethren, to put them in minde to trust to their wings of vertue and merit, to raise themselues, and not to their legges, hauing little land to put their foot on.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. xv. 48 The fourth Brother gives a Martilet for the difference of his Armes.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 161 The strangest long-wing'd Hauk that flies, That like a Bird of Paradise, Or Heraulds Martlet, has no legs.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Martlet, the Term in Heraldry for a Pidgeon, with its Feet erased or torn off; 'tis also the Difference, or mark of Distinction in an Escutcheon for the fourth Brother or Family.

1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) II Allerions (in Heraldry) are small birds painted without beak or feet, like the martlet or martinet.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. xii. 304 Whose [sc. the Abbot of Abingdon's] arms..I have seen over a stone chimney in the hall,—a cross patonce [printed patonee] betwixt four martlets.

1880 G. T. Clark in Encycl. Brit. XI. 690/2 The imputed arms of the Confessor, ‘gules, a cross patonce between 5 martlets or’.

1933 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 13 242 Martlets are French Merles or female Blackbirds and are, in English Heraldry the mark of cadency belonging to fourth sons.

1970 Armorial 6 50 It is charged here with a martlet within a void escutcheon.

1999 Mirror (Electronic ed.) 10 Apr. Policeman David Gee has refused to wear a new helmet in protest at..the decision to replace the letters ER..with the martlet bird mascot of Sussex.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	martlet
释义	† martletn.¹ Forms: late Middle English martilet, late Middle English mertlete, 1600s–1800s martlet. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: martret n. Etymology: Probably a variant of martret n. (although the latter is only attested once, and later than the present word). Compare martel n.² Obsolete. Originally: the fur or dressed skin of the marten. In later use: a marten. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of marten martena1300 martlet1395 marters1401 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Martes (marten) marter?c1250 mertrick1424 martenc1425 marder1607 martel1607 marten-weasel1607 wejack1692 martlet1693 mart1714 marten-cat1790 1395 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Wills Court of Husting (1890) II. 317 (MED) [His best gown furred with] martilet. 1618 ( Inventory in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 182 A vestment of white fustian with black mertletes. 1693 J. Ray Synopsis Animalium Quadrupedum 200 Martes aliis Foyna, a Martin or Martlet. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Martes, the Martin, or Martlet..the name of a creature of the weasel kind. 1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry IV. Gloss. Martlet, more commonly Mertrick, a kind of large weesel, which bears a rich fur. 1882 F. Michel Crit. Inq. Sc. Lang. vii. 134 The martin..was called martrik, mertrik, martlet, martrise.] This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online December 2020). martletn.² Brit. /ˈmɑːtlᵻt/, U.S. /ˈmɑrtlət/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s martilet, 1500s martelette, 1500s martlette, 1500s martlitt, 1500s 1700s martlett, 1500s– martlet, 1700s martelett. Origin: Probably formed within English, by blending. Etymons: martinet n.¹, French merlet. Etymology: Probably a blend of martinet n.¹ and Anglo-Norman merlet, Middle French merlette heraldic bird (see merlette n.) (compare also Middle French, French martelet swift (1560)). Compare marlet n., merlion n.¹Sense 1 of the present word seems to be after martinet n.¹, while the heraldic use in sense 2 appears to be after Anglo-Norman merlet and Middle French merlette . The Anglo-Norman word also occurs simply denoting the blackbird, and ‘small blackbird’ was probably all that was at first intended in heraldic depictions; however, since the heraldic merlete was smaller than the heraldic merle , its outline was simplified, and it was conventionally represented without feet (and, in French heraldry, without a beak); this deficiency came to be regarded as one of its distinctive features, and hence probably led to the confusion with a word for the swift, a bird with short legs and small feet (compare the modern genus name Apus Apus n.). 1. Originally: the swift, Apus apus. Later also: the house martin, Delichon urbica. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Apodidae > genus Apus > apus apus (swift) martinet1440 martleta1460 marlet1530 swift1668 black martin1673 Apus1774 longwing1786 deviling1797 devilet1828 flap-wing1834 squealer1854 devil1885 devil bird1885 a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 2601 (MED) The martilet at scaling wont to calle is. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Apedes, a byrde whose fete be so lytle, that they seeme to haue none. I suppose they be martlettes. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 134 Yong Sparrowes, Martelettes and other small byrdes. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ix. 27 Which..like the Martlet Builds in the weather on the outward wall. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cx. 28 First the Martlet meets it in the sky. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 213 The Martin, or Martinet, or Martlet. 1765 W. Stevenson Vertumnus in Orig. Poems I. 120 Noisy martlets, in phantastic play, And keen pursuit, winging their airy way. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 3 The sweet twitter of the martlet at my window. 1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 443 I'll stay here till the woodcock comes, and the martlet takes her wing. 1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxiii. 109 When airy martlet, sipping of the pool, Touches it to a ripple that stirs not The lilies. 1881 E. H. Hickey Sculptor 32 I heard the myriad Spring-sounds upon the delicate air That was round the martlet's procreant nest. 1922 E. R. Eddison Worm Ouroboros xiv. 205 At length when winter was gone in middle earth, and the spring far spent, back came that last little martlet. 2. Heraldry. A bird with no feet and tufts of feathers for legs, borne as a charge or as a mark of cadency for a fourth son.According to English heraldic writers, the use of a footless bird (often identified with the swift) was meant to symbolize the son's position as having no footing in the ancestral lands (see quot. 1610²). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [noun] > heraldic birds eaglec1380 swana1400 phoenix?a1425 pelicana1430 ravena1450 merlette1451 popinjayc1460 eagletc1494 merliona1500 martletc1519 merlion?a1549 spread eagle1550 meropie1572 spread eaglet1602 alerion1625 liver1668 shoveller1780 eagle in her majesty?1828 double eagle1861 hirondelle1880 pelican in her piety1885 c1519 R. Amadas in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. xxviii. 295 Item iij gilte Boolls withe a Cover strekin withe Martletts. a1550 in S. Baring-Gould & R. W. Twigge Armory Western Counties (1898) 5 Bodleigh: Arg: 5 martlets 3, 2, on a cheife sab: 3 coronets or. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xvii. 163 He beareth Azure, a Bend Argent, Cottized Or, betweene six Martlets of the same... The Martlet or Martinet (saith Bekenhawb) hath legges so exceeding short, that they can by no meanes goe. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xvii. 164^v The Martlet..[is] also giuen for a difference of younger brethren, to put them in minde to trust to their wings of vertue and merit, to raise themselues, and not to their legges, hauing little land to put their foot on. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. xv. 48 The fourth Brother gives a Martilet for the difference of his Armes. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 161 The strangest long-wing'd Hauk that flies, That like a Bird of Paradise, Or Heraulds Martlet, has no legs. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Martlet, the Term in Heraldry for a Pidgeon, with its Feet erased or torn off; 'tis also the Difference, or mark of Distinction in an Escutcheon for the fourth Brother or Family. 1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) II Allerions (in Heraldry) are small birds painted without beak or feet, like the martlet or martinet. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. xii. 304 Whose [sc. the Abbot of Abingdon's] arms..I have seen over a stone chimney in the hall,—a cross patonce [printed patonee] betwixt four martlets. 1880 G. T. Clark in Encycl. Brit. XI. 690/2 The imputed arms of the Confessor, ‘gules, a cross patonce between 5 martlets or’. 1933 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 13 242 Martlets are French Merles or female Blackbirds and are, in English Heraldry the mark of cadency belonging to fourth sons. 1970 Armorial 6 50 It is charged here with a martlet within a void escutcheon. 1999 Mirror (Electronic ed.) 10 Apr. Policeman David Gee has refused to wear a new helmet in protest at..the decision to replace the letters ER..with the martlet bird mascot of Sussex. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1395n.²a1460
随便看	postglacially postglasnost postglenoid postglenoidal postgrad postgrads postgraduate postgraduates postgraduation postgrunge postgutenberg posthabit posthackney postharvest posthaste posthaster posthastes posthastest postheating posthegelian posthemiplegic postherpetic posthesiodic posthetomist posthetomy

† martletn.1

martletn.2

† martletn.¹

martletn.²