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单词 bleach
释义

bleachn.1

Brit. /bliːtʃ/, U.S. /blitʃ/
Forms: Also in Middle English bleche.
Etymology: Sense 1 is perhaps the same as Old English blǽco paleness, < blác , blǽc , shining, pale. Sense 3 is directly from the verb: compare ‘a wash.’
†1. Whiteness, paleness. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > [noun] > paleness
bleachc1050
palenessc1350
wanness1382
pallorc1400
whiteness?c1425
palea1547
lightness1552
albescence1742
sickness1849
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 465 Pallor, blæco.
1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 255 Brest & hert was bete to bleche.
†2. A disease of the skin. Cf. Old English blǽce leprosy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > other diseases or conditions
impetigo1398
deadingc1400
St Anthonyc1405
foulness1559
acrochordon1565
foulness1583
heat1597
bleach1601
Anthony's fire1609
desquamation1726
sivvens1762
erythema1778
rupia1813
morula1817
dermalgia1842
mycosis1846
cheloid1854
keloid1854
morule1857
kelis1864
dermatosis1866
epithelioma1872
vagabond's disease1876
vagabond's skin1876
dermatitis1877
erysipeloid1888
Ritter's disease1888
acanthosis nigricans1890
angiokeratoma1891
sunburn1891
porokeratosis1893
acrodermatitis1894
epidermolysis1894
keratolysis1895
dermographism1896
neurodermatitis1896
peau d'orange1896
X-ray dermatitis1897
dermatomyositis1899
papulo-erythema1899
pyodermia1899
tar acne1899
dermographia1900
radiodermatitis1903
poikiloderma1907
neurodermatosis1909
leishmanoid1922
razor burn1924
pyoderma1930
photodermatosis1931
photodermatitis1933
necrobiosis lipoidica1934
pyoderma gangrenosum1936
fassy1943
acrodermatitis enteropathica1945
chicken skin1946
nylon stocking dermatitis1947
Sézary('s) syndrome1953
pigskin1966
washerwoman's skin1981
strimmer rash1984
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 391 A certaine gum that is passing good for the bleach, scabs and scals in little children.
3. An act of bleaching; as ‘a thorough bleach in the sun.’ A bleaching process; also, a bleached condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > [noun] > bleaching > bleaching process
bleach1887
1887 Sci. Amer. 16 Apr. 249/3 What is known as ‘the three-quarter bleach’ with flax.
1920 Discovery Mar. 86/2 A perfect bleach is almost impossible to secure.
4. A bleaching liquor or powder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent
blancher1477
whitener1686
white steep1804
eau de Javelle1807
chlorine1810
animal charcoal1838
chemic1843
styrone1852
bleaching powder1854
oxygen1858
decolorizerc1865
still-liquor1866
bleach1898
1898 Daily News 15 Dec. 6/5 A quantity of bleach escaped from a tank at one of the paper mills.
1910 Daily Chron. 23 Apr. 7/3 There are several good nail bleaches that are safe to use.
1970 Which? May 149/1 All the scouring powders contained some bleach.
5. collective. Bleached goods.
Π
1903 Daily Chron. 21 Nov. 7/3 Russia takes more British bleach than any other country except the United States.

Compounds

General attributive. (See bleach v.1 1) Cf. bleaching n.1
bleach-croft n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > vessel used > where bleaching is done
bleaking-housea1627
bleachery1714
bleach-green1724
bleach-field1753
bleach-yard1758
bleach-grounds1815
bleaching-ground1817
bleach-croft1852
1852 Tomlinson Encycl. I. 133/2 Across the bleach croft.
bleach-field n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > vessel used > where bleaching is done
bleaking-housea1627
bleachery1714
bleach-green1724
bleach-field1753
bleach-yard1758
bleach-grounds1815
bleaching-ground1817
bleach-croft1852
1753 Scots Mag. Sept. 468/2 Indicted for stealing..some stockings from a bleachfield.
1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Leven The excellence of its water for bleaching processes, has induced many to establish extensive printfields and bleachfields on its banks.
1957 R. Watson-Watt Three Steps to Victory v. 33 A polychromatic stream which served..as a carrier of bleachfield effluents.
bleach-green n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > vessel used > where bleaching is done
bleaking-housea1627
bleachery1714
bleach-green1724
bleach-field1753
bleach-yard1758
bleach-grounds1815
bleaching-ground1817
bleach-croft1852
1724 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 114/1 The workmen employed at a neighbouring bleach-green.
bleach-grounds n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > vessel used > where bleaching is done
bleaking-housea1627
bleachery1714
bleach-green1724
bleach-field1753
bleach-yard1758
bleach-grounds1815
bleaching-ground1817
bleach-croft1852
1815 Encycl. Brit. III. 678 Who has large bleach-grounds at Glasgow.
bleach-works n.
ΘΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > where bleach is made
bleaching1677
bleach-works1818
1818 T. Hulme Jrnl. 1 Aug. in W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. (1819) iii. 362 Some oil of vitriol works near to my bleach-works.
bleach-yard n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > vessel used > where bleaching is done
bleaking-housea1627
bleachery1714
bleach-green1724
bleach-field1753
bleach-yard1758
bleach-grounds1815
bleaching-ground1817
bleach-croft1852
1758 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 515 This place is..much enriched with bleach yards.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bleachn.2

Forms: Also [Middle English blek(e], Middle English–1500s bleche, bleeche, bletche.
Etymology: A derivative of black n., but the etymological formation is obscure. Middle English bleche looks like the southern form of blek , bleke in same sense, probably identical with Icelandic blek , Swedish bläk , Danish blæk blacking, ink: see bleck n. But it may go back to an Old English blęce or blæce : see black n. Bleech , bleach are later spellings of bleche . But bletche implies a Middle English blecche , Old English *blęcce , parallel to blatch n., Middle English blacche , Old English *blæcce , on the Germanic types *blakjo- and *blakkjo- : see black n.
Obsolete.
1. Any substance used for blacking; e.g. ink, soot, lamp-black, and esp. shoemakers' or curriers' black used for leather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun]
blatchOE
bleckc1440
bleacha1500
bleaching?1518
black1558
bletch1570
blacking?1571
linka1616
denigrator1658
black wash1684
shoe-blacking1735
burnt corkc1800
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 39 Bleke, atramentum.
c1483 Cath. Angl. 34 Blek.]
a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 566 Atramentum, anglice, bleche.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 199/1 Bleche for souters, attrament.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie B 731 Courriors bleache..Atramentum sutorium.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 101v Shoemakers yncke or bleeche.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Attrament, inke; or bleach for Shoomakers.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Suye, soot of a chimney; any bleach.
†2. Hence, in the old ‘Compaynys of beestys [etc.]’ the term for, A company of sutors. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [noun] > companies involved in specific business
misbeliefa1450
safeguarda1450
squatc1450
smearc1476
bleach1486
poulterer1534
water company1710
land-company1805
publishing house1819
railway company1824
oil company1827
bus line1843
rails1848
accountancy1860
art house1882
poulter1884
automaker1899
energy company1910
record label1926
label1930
utility1930
re-roller1931
prefabricator1933
seven sisters1962
energy firm1970
chipmaker1971
fragmentizer1972
fixit1984
infomediary1989
multi-utility1994
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b A Bleche of sowteris, a Smere of Coryouris, a Clustre of Grapys.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† bleachadj.

Forms: Also Middle English bleche.
Etymology: Middle English bleche was probably the continuation of Old English blǽc, variant form of blác shining, white, pale (usually explained as < Germanic *blaiki-z and *blaiko-z respectively).
Obsolete.
1. Pale = bleak adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective]
blatec1000
whiteOE
greena1275
blakec1275
bleykea1300
wana1300
palec1330
bleach1340
pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374
colourlessc1380
deadlyc1385
deadc1386
bloodlessc1450
earthlyc1460
ruddylessc1460
wan visaged?a1513
wanny1555
as pale or white as a clout1557
bleak1566
mealy1566
pale-faced1570
ghastly1574
white-faced1577
bleakish1581
pallid1590
whiggish1590
tallow-faced1592
maid-pale1597
lily1600
whey-colour1602
lew1611
roseless1611
Hippocratical1615
cadaverousa1661
Hippocratic1681
smock-faced1684
white-looked1690
livid1728
as white (or pale) as a sheet1752
squalid1753
deathly1791
etiolated1791
light-skinned1802
suety1803
shilpit1813
blanched1828
tallowy1830
suet-faced1834
pasty1836
tallowish1838
whey-faced1847
pasty-faced1848
aghast1850
waxen1853
complexionless1863
light-skin1877
lily-cheeked1877
lardy1879
wan-faced1881
exsanguinous1889
wheatish1950
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 53 Al huet þou art bleche and lhene.
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 210 She is pale and bleche.
2. = bleak adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [adjective] > barren or desert
barren1377
desert1393
bleaka1552
blunt1553
foodless1581
bleach1598
landless1606
desertuous1632
bald1642
bleaky1687
parsimonious1713
Saharan1849
deserty1891
Saharic1892
Saharian1897
desertic1936
scalded1936
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Piaggioso, medowie, large, bleach, fieldie.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 40 A bleach Barren place.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bleachv.1

Brit. /bliːtʃ/, U.S. /blitʃ/
Forms: Old English blǽcan, Middle English blechen, 1500s bleche, bleache, 1700s bleech, 1500s– bleach. See also the (northern) form bleak v. past tense and participle bleached /bliːtʃt/: in Middle English blaȝte, blaȝt, bleyȝt: cf. teach, taȝt, teiȝht, now taught.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English blǽc(e)an weak verb = Old Norse bleikja , Old High German bleichên < Germanic *blaikjan to bleach, < *blaiko-z , blaiki-z white: see bleach n.1 and blake adj.
1.
a. transitive. To whiten (linen, etc.) by washing and exposure to sunlight, or by chemical processes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > make white [verb (transitive)] > bleach
bleachc1200
blanch?a1400
white?a1425
whiten1548
whitewash1576
to whiten up1808
overbleach1857
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 57 Sume bereð clene cloð to watere to blechen.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 240 Wule anweb beon anchere wel ibleached wið an water .
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 39 Blechen clothe [v.r. blekyn], candido.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 892 When..Maidens bleach their summer smockes. View more context for this quotation
a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. iv. 37 Some Chandlers daughters Bleaching linnen in Moor-fields.
1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 62 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. Say that his Linnen was finely spun, and bleach'd on the happy Plains.
1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. vi. 31 Bleaching linen in the open air.
b. figurative. To free from stain, purify, sanctify. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > make pure [verb (transitive)]
cleansec897
shire?c1225
clengea1300
purge1340
purec1350
purifya1393
whitena1400
sprinkle1526
refine1594
simplify1609
sublime1613
purgate1795
revirginize1852
bleach1868
1868 C. Heavysege Saul 428 She may still live, be bleached with pious sighs, And showers of tears.
2.
a. gen. To blanch or make white, to deprive of colour, esp. by exposure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > make white [verb (transitive)] > bleach > by exposure
bleak1398
bleach1582
grass1650
sour1756
croft1875
photobleach1948
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 35 [The adder] His slougth vncasing, hym self now youthfulye bleacheth.
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant v. i. 70 To have my face bleach'd like a Tiffany with thy Brimstone.
1793 R. Burns Poems (ed. 2) II. 189 His locks were bleached white with time.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 102 The bones of men..bleached by drifting wind and rain.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. ix. 287 His old head, which seventy-four years have bleached.
b. To make pale with fear, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > make pale with fear
appale1563
bleachc1760
c1760 T. Smollett Ode to Independence 8 Immortal Liberty, whose look sublime Hath bleached the tyrant's cheek.
c. Photography. To remove the silver image from (a negative or print) after development; bleach-out process: a system of colour printing, now disused, whereby dyes are decolourized by being exposed through transparencies.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > treatment of plates, films, or paper > [verb (transitive)]
mercurialize1843
actinize1844
albumenize1850
sensitize1851
wax1853
develop1859
sensibilize1860
organify1873
back1878
salt1878
excite1879
talc1888
alum1889
bleach1889
fume1890
orthochromatize1890
flash1903
pre-expose1925
hypersensitize1954
panchromatize1960
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [noun]
daguerreotype1839
calotype1841
chrysotype1842
chromotype1843
ferrotype1843
tithonotype1843
amphitype1844
energiatype1844
fluorotype1844
Talbotype1844
daguerreotypy1853
ambrotype1854
bitumen process1858
carbon process1858
reversal1859
pyro-photography1869
vitrotype1875
platinotype1877
transferrotype1889
diazotype1890
kallitype1890
Joly process1894
reversal process1908
bromoil1909
bleach-out process1914
carbro1919
Finlay process1931
reversal processing1931
diazo1948
xography1965
push processing1966
1889 R. Meldola Chem. of Photogr. vi. 209 A solution of potassium iodide also bleaches the darkened product of photo-decomposition under the influence of light.
1889 C. F. Townsend Chem. for Photographers (ed. 2) vi. 84 The image is first bleached with mercuric chloride, which converts the black silver image into a white double silver-mercurous chloride.
1911 Cassell's Cycl. Photogr. 305/1 The negative is bleached in an acidified solution of bichromate salt, and then re-developed.
1914 G. L. Johnson Photogr. in Colours (ed. 2) xi. 169 The difficulty of reproducing colour transparencies..has at length been more or less overcome by the Bleach-out Process of colour printing.
1925 F. J. Mortimer Wall's Dict. Photogr. (ed. 11) 101 The print may be bleached after the final wash.
1936 J. Deschin New Ways in Photogr. xvii. 244 A photograph may be converted into a drawing by..the bleach-out process.
3.
a. intransitive. To become white, whiten; to become pale, pallid, or colourless.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > lose colour [verb (intransitive)] > grow pale
blakea1225
fallowa1250
blokec1275
palec1400
wan1582
bleacha1616
blanch1768
lighten1781
sicken1853
unflush1866
sickly1882
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 5 The white sheete bleaching on the hedge. View more context for this quotation
1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 154. ⁋11 Virgil..describes some Spirits as bleaching in the Winds.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxxi. 266 To see the faces around him bleaching into waxen paleness.
1865 M. E. Braddon Sir Jasper I. i. 22 Bones of travellers bleaching amongst the yellow sand.
c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 98/1 Different kinds of wax bleach with different degrees of facility.
b. figurative. To become free from stain, be purified.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (intransitive)] > become purified or refined
sublime1624
polish1712
mellow1737
bleach1799
purify1805
sublimate1850
1799 R. Southey Wks. III. 63 The poor souls that bleach..In that great Purgatory crucible.
1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 284/2 Where does the taint stop? Do you bleach in three or in four generations?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bleachv.2

Etymology: < bleach n.2, or perhaps cognate with it, and representing an Old English *blæcean . Compare bletch v.
Obsolete.
transitive. To blacken, make black.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > making or becoming black > make black [verb (transitive)]
blackc1350
blecka1382
blacken?a1425
bletch1570
bepitch1574
blatch1587
becollier1599
sable1610
bleach1611
bleak1611
sableize1611
denigrate1623
nigrify1656
ebonize1880
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Poislé,..smeered, bleached, begrymed with soote.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Noircir, to blacke, blacken; bleach, darken.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

bleachv.3

(? misprint) for bealch = belch v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (intransitive)] > belch
rospa1333
bolka1387
rift?c1475
belcha1500
reboke?1499
yeska1522
rout1522
bleach1557
ruck1568
rasp1587
ruct1620
eruct1755
eructate1774
gurk1923
burp1932
bubble1940
1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1582) 102 b To bleache and breake wind after his surfette.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2020).
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n.1c1050n.21486adj.1340v.1c1200v.21611v.31557
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