† aweldv.

Forms:

α. early Middle English awalt (3rd singular indicative), early Middle English awolde, Middle English awalde.

β. early Middle English awealde, early Middle English awelt (3rd singular indicative), early Middle English awilde, early Middle English awylt (3rd singular indicative), Middle English awelde, Middle English aweylde, Middle English awielde, Middle English awylde, Middle English–1500s aweld.

Past tense.

α. early Middle English awealde, Middle English awalde, Middle English awelde.

β. Middle English awelded.

Past participle. early Middle English awald, early Middle English aweald, early Middle English awealt, early Middle English aweld, early Middle English awelt, early Middle English awild.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Apparently partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: i-welde v.; onwald v.; a- prefix¹, wield v.

Etymology: Apparently partly (i) a variant of i-welde v. (compare a- prefix²), partly (ii) a variant of onwald v. (compare a- prefix³), and partly (iii) < a- prefix¹ + wield v. (compare the apparently similarly formed Middle High German erwalten (strong verb) to have in one's power, Gothic uswaltjan (weak verb) to overthrow).For a discussion of formal variation in the stem see wield v. and also i-welde v.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To rule or reign over (a people or place); to govern; to be in command of (someone or something). Frequently in figurative contexts with reference to a person's thoughts, desires, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)]

wieldeOE

redeOE

temperc1000

wisc1000

yemec1000

aweldc1175

guy13..

rule1340

attemperc1374

stightlea1375

justifya1393

governa1400

moder1414

control1495

moderate1534

rein1557

manage1560

sway1587

to bear (a rein) upon1603

bridle1615

ephorize1647

puppet1840

coact1855

boss1856

run1869

swing1873

c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) i. 189 Drihten..astah to heofene..& sit on þam swyðran his fæder & alle sceaftæ awelt [OE Royal gewylt].

c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) ii. 192 Soðlice of ðe cymð þe lateow þe awylt [OE Royal gewylt] Israela þeoda.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11844 Ure Drihten þe alle domes awalt [c1300 Otho weldeþ].

a1333 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 27 What mil[s]folnesse awalde þe..So bitter deth to þolien.

?c1400 Erthe upon Erthe (St. John's Cambr.) st. 2 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1919) 138 57 Whan erþe wynt erþe so luþur to a-wylde, And erþe on þis erþe eche day schal elde.

2. transitive. To overcome, subdue, or defeat (someone or something).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have control over

aweldc1175

hold1577

countermand1590

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)]

wind993

wieldOE

aweldc1175

bewieldc1200

demeanc1300

use1340

plya1393

governc1405

exercite1475

apply1531

manage1590

sway1609

manipulate1834

wage1836

c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) i. 188 Crist on þare hwile wende to helle, & þone deofel awealde [OE Royal gewylde] & nom of him Adam & Evam.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 673 Þe reue..þohte wið hwuch mest wa he mahte hire awealden [c1225 Royal awelden].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2953 Heo breken þa Rom-walles..and þa burh awelden [c1300 Otho nome].

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 91 No men schulde hem awelde and wiþstonde, and þey were as strong..to dure as they beeþ angry to rese.

3. transitive. To exert an influence over or shape the actions of (a person); to win (someone) over, prevail upon, persuade.

ΚΠ

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 255 Ich mahte..habben a-weld [a1250 Titus awealt] hire, ȝef ha nalde wið luue, wið luðer lanhure.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 325 He plesede Englische men wiþ byhestes..In þe same manere, he awelde [a1425 Harl. awelded; L. inflexit] Roger eorle of Schroysbury.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 253 Ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde.

1474 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 149 (MED) I here muche and sey no thyng; befor the laste tyme þat ye where abowte suche a mater, my speche and presens with you hurte you and awelde you not; wherfore orlt ye to me a sewrte.

a. transitive. To direct or control (something), e.g. to have control over the movements of (one's body, a horse one is riding, etc.), to wield (a weapon).

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2037 Þa he mihte beren wepnen & his hors wel awilden [c1300 Otho muneȝi].

c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 338 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 503 As stif as eni bord hire honden bicome..heo nemiȝte hem awolde noȝt.

c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 146 God let mony mon croke and elde..Þat þei may not hemself awelde.

a1500 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Douce) (1890) l. 226 (MED) Þey weren so ȝong..Þat þey myȝt non armes aweld.

b. transitive. To deal or cope successfully with (something); to manage. Also with infinitive as object: to have the power (to do something); to be able to, manage to.The precise meaning in quot. 1567 is not clear. It is possible that a meaning ‘to express, say’ is intended (cf. wield v. 4f).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)]

sufficea1325

sustaina1382

awelda1387

mayc1395

dowa1400

shape1487

afford1584

to have it in him (also her, etc.)c1600

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 259 (MED) Þey þat were lefte on lyve myȝte unneþe awelde [L. vix sufficerent] forto burye hem þat were dede.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxix. 437 Þerfore he schulde take more þan he myȝte awelde, but he were refreyned.

1567 R. Crowley Opening of Wordes Prophet Ioell sig. B.vii They haue more, To answere for, Than they can wel aweld: Their conscience shall, Accuse them all, For that they haue misse meld.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aweld
释义	† aweldv. Forms: α. early Middle English awalt (3rd singular indicative), early Middle English awolde, Middle English awalde. β. early Middle English awealde, early Middle English awelt (3rd singular indicative), early Middle English awilde, early Middle English awylt (3rd singular indicative), Middle English awelde, Middle English aweylde, Middle English awielde, Middle English awylde, Middle English–1500s aweld. Past tense. α. early Middle English awealde, Middle English awalde, Middle English awelde. β. Middle English awelded. Past participle. early Middle English awald, early Middle English aweald, early Middle English awealt, early Middle English aweld, early Middle English awelt, early Middle English awild. Origin: Of multiple origins. Apparently partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: i-welde v.; onwald v.; a- prefix¹, wield v. Etymology: Apparently partly (i) a variant of i-welde v. (compare a- prefix²), partly (ii) a variant of onwald v. (compare a- prefix³), and partly (iii) < a- prefix¹ + wield v. (compare the apparently similarly formed Middle High German erwalten (strong verb) to have in one's power, Gothic uswaltjan (weak verb) to overthrow).For a discussion of formal variation in the stem see wield v. and also i-welde v. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To rule or reign over (a people or place); to govern; to be in command of (someone or something). Frequently in figurative contexts with reference to a person's thoughts, desires, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE redeOE temperc1000 wisc1000 yemec1000 aweldc1175 guy13.. rule1340 attemperc1374 stightlea1375 justifya1393 governa1400 moder1414 control1495 moderate1534 rein1557 manage1560 sway1587 to bear (a rein) upon1603 bridle1615 ephorize1647 puppet1840 coact1855 boss1856 run1869 swing1873 c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) i. 189 Drihten..astah to heofene..& sit on þam swyðran his fæder & alle sceaftæ awelt [OE Royal gewylt]. c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) ii. 192 Soðlice of ðe cymð þe lateow þe awylt [OE Royal gewylt] Israela þeoda. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11844 Ure Drihten þe alle domes awalt [c1300 Otho weldeþ]. a1333 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 27 What mil[s]folnesse awalde þe..So bitter deth to þolien. ?c1400 Erthe upon Erthe (St. John's Cambr.) st. 2 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1919) 138 57 Whan erþe wynt erþe so luþur to a-wylde, And erþe on þis erþe eche day schal elde. 2. transitive. To overcome, subdue, or defeat (someone or something). ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have control over aweldc1175 hold1577 countermand1590 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)] wind993 wieldOE aweldc1175 bewieldc1200 demeanc1300 use1340 plya1393 governc1405 exercite1475 apply1531 manage1590 sway1609 manipulate1834 wage1836 c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) i. 188 Crist on þare hwile wende to helle, & þone deofel awealde [OE Royal gewylde] & nom of him Adam & Evam. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 673 Þe reue..þohte wið hwuch mest wa he mahte hire awealden [c1225 Royal awelden]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2953 Heo breken þa Rom-walles..and þa burh awelden [c1300 Otho nome]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 91 No men schulde hem awelde and wiþstonde, and þey were as strong..to dure as they beeþ angry to rese. 3. transitive. To exert an influence over or shape the actions of (a person); to win (someone) over, prevail upon, persuade. ΚΠ c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 255 Ich mahte..habben a-weld [a1250 Titus awealt] hire, ȝef ha nalde wið luue, wið luðer lanhure. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 325 He plesede Englische men wiþ byhestes..In þe same manere, he awelde [a1425 Harl. awelded; L. inflexit] Roger eorle of Schroysbury. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 253 Ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde. 1474 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 149 (MED) I here muche and sey no thyng; befor the laste tyme þat ye where abowte suche a mater, my speche and presens with you hurte you and awelde you not; wherfore orlt ye to me a sewrte. 4. a. transitive. To direct or control (something), e.g. to have control over the movements of (one's body, a horse one is riding, etc.), to wield (a weapon). ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2037 Þa he mihte beren wepnen & his hors wel awilden [c1300 Otho muneȝi]. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 338 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 503 As stif as eni bord hire honden bicome..heo nemiȝte hem awolde noȝt. c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 146 God let mony mon croke and elde..Þat þei may not hemself awelde. a1500 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Douce) (1890) l. 226 (MED) Þey weren so ȝong..Þat þey myȝt non armes aweld. b. transitive. To deal or cope successfully with (something); to manage. Also with infinitive as object: to have the power (to do something); to be able to, manage to.The precise meaning in quot. 1567 is not clear. It is possible that a meaning ‘to express, say’ is intended (cf. wield v. 4f). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)] sufficea1325 sustaina1382 awelda1387 mayc1395 dowa1400 shape1487 afford1584 to have it in him (also her, etc.)c1600 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 259 (MED) Þey þat were lefte on lyve myȝte unneþe awelde [L. vix sufficerent] forto burye hem þat were dede. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxix. 437 Þerfore he schulde take more þan he myȝte awelde, but he were refreyned. 1567 R. Crowley Opening of Wordes Prophet Ioell sig. B.vii They haue more, To answere for, Than they can wel aweld: Their conscience shall, Accuse them all, For that they haue misse meld. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1175
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