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单词 aweld
释义

aweldv.

Forms:

α. early Middle English awalt (3rd singular indicative), early Middle English awolde, Middle English awalde.

β. early Middle English awealde, early Middle English awelt (3rd singular indicative), early Middle English awilde, early Middle English awylt (3rd singular indicative), Middle English awelde, Middle English aweylde, Middle English awielde, Middle English awylde, Middle English–1500s aweld.

Past tense.

α. early Middle English awealde, Middle English awalde, Middle English awelde.

β. Middle English awelded.

Past participle. early Middle English awald, early Middle English aweald, early Middle English awealt, early Middle English aweld, early Middle English awelt, early Middle English awild.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Apparently partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: i-welde v.; onwald v.; a- prefix1, wield v.
Etymology: Apparently partly (i) a variant of i-welde v. (compare a- prefix2), partly (ii) a variant of onwald v. (compare a- prefix3), and partly (iii) < a- prefix1 + wield v. (compare the apparently similarly formed Middle High German erwalten (strong verb) to have in one's power, Gothic uswaltjan (weak verb) to overthrow).For a discussion of formal variation in the stem see wield v. and also i-welde v.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To rule or reign over (a people or place); to govern; to be in command of (someone or something). Frequently in figurative contexts with reference to a person's thoughts, desires, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
redeOE
temperc1000
wisc1000
yemec1000
aweldc1175
guy13..
rule1340
attemperc1374
stightlea1375
justifya1393
governa1400
moder1414
control1495
moderate1534
rein1557
manage1560
sway1587
to bear (a rein) upon1603
bridle1615
ephorize1647
puppet1840
coact1855
boss1856
run1869
swing1873
c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) i. 189 Drihten..astah to heofene..& sit on þam swyðran his fæder & alle sceaftæ awelt [OE Royal gewylt].
c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) ii. 192 Soðlice of ðe cymð þe lateow þe awylt [OE Royal gewylt] Israela þeoda.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11844 Ure Drihten þe alle domes awalt [c1300 Otho weldeþ].
a1333 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 27 What mil[s]folnesse awalde þe..So bitter deth to þolien.
?c1400 Erthe upon Erthe (St. John's Cambr.) st. 2 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1919) 138 57 Whan erþe wynt erþe so luþur to a-wylde, And erþe on þis erþe eche day schal elde.
2. transitive. To overcome, subdue, or defeat (someone or something).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have control over
aweldc1175
hold1577
countermand1590
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)]
wind993
wieldOE
aweldc1175
bewieldc1200
demeanc1300
use1340
plya1393
governc1405
exercite1475
apply1531
manage1590
sway1609
manipulate1834
wage1836
c1175 ( Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Bodl. 343) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) i. 188 Crist on þare hwile wende to helle, & þone deofel awealde [OE Royal gewylde] & nom of him Adam & Evam.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 673 Þe reue..þohte wið hwuch mest wa he mahte hire awealden [c1225 Royal awelden].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2953 Heo breken þa Rom-walles..and þa burh awelden [c1300 Otho nome].
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 91 No men schulde hem awelde and wiþstonde, and þey were as strong..to dure as they beeþ angry to rese.
3. transitive. To exert an influence over or shape the actions of (a person); to win (someone) over, prevail upon, persuade.
ΚΠ
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 255 Ich mahte..habben a-weld [a1250 Titus awealt] hire, ȝef ha nalde wið luue, wið luðer lanhure.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 325 He plesede Englische men wiþ byhestes..In þe same manere, he awelde [a1425 Harl. awelded; L. inflexit] Roger eorle of Schroysbury.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 253 Ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde.
1474 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 149 (MED) I here muche and sey no thyng; befor the laste tyme þat ye where abowte suche a mater, my speche and presens with you hurte you and awelde you not; wherfore orlt ye to me a sewrte.
4.
a. transitive. To direct or control (something), e.g. to have control over the movements of (one's body, a horse one is riding, etc.), to wield (a weapon).
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2037 Þa he mihte beren wepnen & his hors wel awilden [c1300 Otho muneȝi].
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 338 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 503 As stif as eni bord hire honden bicome..heo nemiȝte hem awolde noȝt.
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 146 God let mony mon croke and elde..Þat þei may not hemself awelde.
a1500 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Douce) (1890) l. 226 (MED) Þey weren so ȝong..Þat þey myȝt non armes aweld.
b. transitive. To deal or cope successfully with (something); to manage. Also with infinitive as object: to have the power (to do something); to be able to, manage to.The precise meaning in quot. 1567 is not clear. It is possible that a meaning ‘to express, say’ is intended (cf. wield v. 4f).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)]
sufficea1325
sustaina1382
awelda1387
mayc1395
dowa1400
shape1487
afford1584
to have it in him (also her, etc.)c1600
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 259 (MED) Þey þat were lefte on lyve myȝte unneþe awelde [L. vix sufficerent] forto burye hem þat were dede.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lxix. 437 Þerfore he schulde take more þan he myȝte awelde, but he were refreyned.
1567 R. Crowley Opening of Wordes Prophet Ioell sig. B.vii They haue more, To answere for, Than they can wel aweld: Their conscience shall, Accuse them all, For that they haue misse meld.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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更新时间:2025/3/22 6:09:22