topographn.
/ˈtɒpəɡrɑːf//ˈtɒpəɡraf/ 1. rare.
a. A representation or description of localities.
ΚΠ
1833 Carrington (title) The Topograph, or the bye-ways within 9 miles of Devonport and Plymouth.
b. Name given to a surveying instrument.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > other surveying instruments
quadrat?c1400
trigon1590
square1600
peractor1616
definitor1664
Marquois scale1783
topograph1865
outkeeper1868
aba1876
1865 Athenæum 7 Oct. 472/2 On the Topograph, a New Surveying Instrument, by Capt. Lendy.
1865 Reader 7 Oct. 409/2 A useful little instrument, called by the inventor a ‘Topograph’..combines a plane table, prismatic compass, level, and clinometer.
c. (See quot. 1909.)
ΚΠ
1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Topograph, a model or draft of a place.
2. Crystallography. A photograph taken in such a way, usually with X-rays, as to exhibit the variation over the surface of a crystal of some physical or structural characteristic.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > photographs or images obtained by X-ray, etc.
thermotype1877
phosphorograph1880
shadow-picture1889
inductoscript1892
radiogram1896
radiograph1896
roentgenogram1896
shadowgraph1896
shadow-photograph1896
skiagram1896
skiagraph1896
X-radiograph1899
X-ray1900
autoradiograph1903
vaporograph1903
vapourgraph1903
radiophotograph1904
roentgenograph1905
microradiogram1913
radiophoto1915
powder photograph1917
interferogram1921
radioautograph1941
microradiograph1944
topograph1944
heat map1947
cinefluorograph1949
scan1953
thermogram1957
thermograph1964
cineradiograph1965
stereoscan1968
Kirlian1970
autorad1985
1944 G. N. Ramachandran in Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. A. XIX. 292 Eighteen such ‘topographs’ of cleavage plates of diamond..are reproduced.
1963 G. L. Clark Encycl. X-rays & Gamma Rays 1053/2 Topographs may be taken that show, for example, the distribution of optical absorption or optical fluorescence in a specimen.
1971 Physics Bull. Sept. 553/2 X ray topographs..were used by many authors to assess accurately the quality of their crystals.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2019).
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n.1833