单词 | mankind |
释义 | mankindn.adj.1 A. n. 1. The human species. As a collective noun: human beings in general.Formerly frequently with plural agreement. ΘΚΠ the world > people > [noun] maneOE worldOE all fleshc1000 mankinOE earthOE little worldc1175 man's kinda1200 mankinda1225 worldrichec1275 slimec1315 kindc1325 world1340 sectc1400 humanityc1450 microcosma1475 peoplea1500 the human kindred?1533 race1553 homo1561 humankind1561 universality1561 deadly?1590 mortality1598 rational1601 vicegerent1601 small world1604 flesh and blooda1616 mannity1621 human race1623 universea1645 nations1667 public1699 the species1711 Adamhood1828 Jock Tamson's bairns1832 folx1833 Bimana1839 human1841 peeps1847 menfolk1870 manfolk1876 amniota1879 peoplekind1956 personkind1972 a1225 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 203 Do wai moder þi wepynge i thole þis ded for man-kende. a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 200 (MED) Iesu..Þin armes spredeþ to mankynde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 9372 (MED) Þe fader of heuen Dight his dere sun to send..Vntil erth..for to bring man-kind o wa. c1400 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 143 If monkynde in þo stat of innocense..schulde not be ydel. 1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 6 In Britayne ben hoot welles well arayed and adressyd to the vse of mankynde. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvi. lxxi. 576 Onichius..hath in itself colour medelyd lyke the naylle of mankinde. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1762 Thus was mankynde delyueryd from hys foon. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Dij Howe many in nombre are all the bones in a body of mankynde? 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxiij Sathan the ennemye of almankinde. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xvi. 295 The great nomber of diseases wherwith mankind is peyned. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 186 How many goodly creatures are there heere? How beauteous mankinde is? View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 139 A Law of Nature, equally obliging all man-kind. 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. iii. 49 Allowing that Mankind hath the Rule of Right within himself. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. vi. 202 Mankind never suffer any work to be lost which tends to make them more wise or happy. 1809 S. Smith Serm. I. 405 To study mankind aright, we must observe, no less the circumstances in which he is placed, than [etc.]. 1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 14 Thrown early among mankind, I should early have imbibed their feelings. 1860 R. W. Emerson Wealth in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 83 A man whose eyes, ears, and mind are armed by all the science, arts, and implements which mankind have anywhere accumulated. 1902 J. B. Greenough & G. L. Kittredge Words 158 The history of language is the history of mankind. 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love viii. 116 What a dread he had of mankind, of other people! 1940 E. Wilson To Finland Station i. ii. 7 There had become dominant..the idea of human progress, of the capacity of mankind for self-improvement. 1987 P. Lomas Limits of Interpretation i. 3 It would appear that there is no easy solution to the ills of mankind. a. The nature of man; human nature. to take (also fang, nim) mankind: to assume human form, to become incarnate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > [noun] > nature of man mannisheOE fleshc1000 mannessc1225 mankina1325 mankinda1325 naturec1390 flesh and bloodc1450 human nature1474 humankind?1504 humanities1613 homineity1660 a1325 St. Mark (Corpus Cambr.) 30 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 160 (MED) In þe forme þat he was an eorþe þe he mankunde nom. a1400 Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 985/43* (MED) Our lord ȝoght to tak mankynd and bring vus oute of woo. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 245 God descendid into mankinde and couplid so to him a singuler mankinde. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 242 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 263 & how mane-kynd þat he can fange. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 530 And mankynd biddis vs that we To procur vengeans besy be. 1493 Festivall (1515) (de Worde) f. 94 That our lorde had taken mankynde. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 67 He come from heuin, and tuke mankynde. b. Human feeling, humanity. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > humaneness menska1250 manhead1340 humanityc1384 manlinessc1384 manhooda1425 mankind1605 humaneness1729 humanitarianism1850 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus v. i. 754 Ô you, whose mindes are good, And haue not forc'd all mankind, from your brests. View more context for this quotation 3. The male sex; men or male people in general. Cf. menkind n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > men collectively wapman-kinc1175 manc1300 menkinda1470 mankind1526 manhood1588 mens-kind1592 the sterner (alsobetter, rougher, stronger) sex1608 lords of creation1649 menfolk1749 masculinity1860 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. vi. 9 Abusars of themselves with the mankynde. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxviiiv Thus for the more parte fareth al mankynde to praye, and to crye after womans grace. ?c1570–4 Bp. R. Cox Injunctions in 2nd Rep. Commissioners Rubrics, Orders, & Directions Public Worship App. E. 406/2 in Parl. Papers 1867–8 (1868) XXXVIII. 1 Their chyldren and seruauntes both mankinde and womankinde. ?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 80 If any mankinde wyll enter therein..he shall incontinent bee reft of his sences. And if any womankinde happen to go vnto that water, she shall..bee barren. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 200 Should all despaire That haue reuolted Wiues, the tenth of Mankind Would hang themselues. View more context for this quotation 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iv. 155 Without admission of any man-kind in their company. 1696 G. Granville She-gallants ii. i. 1 I wou'd have seen all Mankind at the Devil, before I'de have taken so much pains for any one of 'em. 1828 Q. Rev. 37 402 What would mankind, or womankind, or childkind think. 1874 A. Trollope Lady Anna I. ix. 111 The infinite simplicity and silliness of mankind and womankind at large. 1924 O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. xvii. 231 Mankind (now stressed on the second syllable) comprises all human beings, but the younger mankind (stressed on the first syllable) is opposed to womankind. 1978 Daily Tel. 8 May 3/5 Lord Denning..thought it would be very wrong if the Act was thought to ‘obliterate..all the chivalry and courtesies which we expect of mankind to womenkind’. 1. Male. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > male > [adjective] malea1382 masclea1425 masculinec1425 mankind1479 menskins1534 1479 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 230 Ane ayre mankynd, gottyn of the said John Boyd. 1639 J. Ford Ladies Triall ii. sig. D4 Sir, consider, My sex, were I mankinde, my sword should quit A wounded honour. a1640 P. Massinger Guardian i. ii. 40 in 3 New Playes (1655) I keep no mankind servant in my house, In fear my chastity may be suspected. 2. Of a woman: masculine. Obsolete (English regional in later use).In some uses, not readily distinguishable from mankind adj.2 ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > woman > [adjective] > man-like woman mannisha1425 manlyc1511 mankind1566 Amazonical1582 Amazonian1595 virago1598 manlike1605 masculine1611 viraginian1642 viraginous1667 Amazonic1782 strong-minded1843 andromorphous1865 1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon v. i. sig. Fviii The mankynd dame wt trembling hand The swerde drew from her syde. 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 19 Virago, a manly woman, or a mankind woman. 1591 H. Smith Preparatiue to Mariage (Field) 61 A mankind woman is a monster, that is, halfe a woman and halfe a man. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes A bould, shamelesse, mankinde, virago woman. 1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. F3 Why she is mankind, therefore thou mayest strike her. 1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater iii. ii. sig. E2v Are women growne so mankind? must they be wooing. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. ii. 18 Virg. You shall stay too: I would I had the power To say so to my Husband. Sicin. Are you mankinde? Volum, I foole, is that a shame. a1625 J. Fletcher Monsieur Thomas (1639) iv. vi. sig. K3 'Twas a sound knock she gave me, A plaguy mankinde girle. 1635 Life Long Meg of Westminster (1816) 22 For that hee had heard shee was so mankind as to beat all she met withall, he would try her manhood. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 7 Mankind-woman, a coarse, masculine female. Frequently used in this sense. 3. Human. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > [adjective] fleshya1400 human?c1450 mankind1584 Adamite1719 humanish1837 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xv. xii. 412 I coniure you..ye infernall kings..to appeare..in faire forme and shape of mankind kings. DerivativesΚΠ c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 8 We may calle mankyndli [c1450 Longleat mankyndely] lif verrai chyualrie, as the Scripture seith in many partes. c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 79 Vaunting is no mankindely preising, but it is a tourned vice of þe soule. ΚΠ c1440 S. Scrope in tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 4 Wherfore the lak [of wit] be youen to my book, And of your mankyndlynes take at worthe. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 124 Haue in mynde that day that men shalle calle the & thou shalt not here, for than thi ianglynge tunge shal be stille..þe mankindelynes [a1460 anon. tr. manhode] shalle bee waasted in the erthe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mankindadj.2 Obsolete. Infuriated, furious, fierce, mad. Cf. man-keen adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by nature > [adjective] > wild or vicious wildc725 wrothOE keenOE ramagec1300 fell?c1335 furiousc1374 fierce1377 ramageousa1398 eagerc1405 savage1447 naughtyc1460 criminal1477 ill1480 shrewd1509 mankind1519 roidc1540 mad1565 horn-mad1579 fierceful1607 man-keen1607 indomite1617 fellish1638 ferocious1646 ferousa1652 ferinea1676 kwaai1827 skelm1827 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [adjective] grimlyc893 wrothc893 reighOE grima1000 grillc1175 witherc1175 grimfula1240 sturdy1297 wild1297 fiercea1300 man-keenc1300 stoutc1300 cruelc1330 fell?c1335 wicked1375 felonousc1386 felona1400 cursedc1400 runishc1400 keen?c1425 roid?c1425 wolvishc1430 ranishc1450 malicious1485 mankind1519 mannish1530 lionish1549 truculent?c1550 lion-like1556 tigerish?1573 tiger-like1587 truculental1593 Amazonian1595 tigerous1597 feral1604 fierceful1607 efferous1614 lionly1631 tigerly1633 feroce1641 ferocious1646 asperous1650 ferousa1652 blusterous1663 wolfish1674 boarisha1718 savage-fierce1770 Tartar1809 Tartarly1821 wolfy1828 savagerous1832 hawkish1841 tigery1859 attern1868 Hunnish1915 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xii. f. 127 He set dogges, that were mankynde [L. canibus efferatis] vpon the man to be all to torne. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. viii. sig. H.jv Come away, by the matte she is mankine. I durst aduenture the losse of my right hande, If she dyd not slee hir other husbande. 1599 Bp. J. Hall in J. Marston Scourge of Villanie (new ed.) iii. Satyra Nova sig. Hv I Ask'd Phisitions what theyr counsell was For a mad dogge, or for a mankind Asse? 1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles in Wks. (1873) I. 167 Good Signor Cornelio be not too mankinde against your wife. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iii. i. 51 You brach, Are you turn'd mankind? 1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 13 They [sc. Bears]..are never mankind, i.e. fierce, but in rutting time. Derivatives mankindly adv. rare cruelly, ferociously. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [adverb] grimc893 grimly971 bremeOE reighlyOE witherc1200 felonly1303 asperlyc1314 fellc1330 fellyc1330 fiercelya1375 sturdilyc1374 wickedlya1375 sternly1398 runishlyc1400 witherlyc1400 felonmentc1470 cruelly1487 blusterously1548 boarishlya1563 tiger-like1576 sternfully1582 mankindly1606 wolvishly1628 truculently1654 tigerously1698 tigerishly1878 1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe ii. i. sig. C3v You driue maids a-fore you,..as man-kindelie, as if you had taken a surfet of our Sex lately. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < |
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