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单词 string
释义

stringn.

Brit. /strɪŋ/, U.S. /strɪŋ/
Forms: Old English–1500s streng, (plural Middle English strengen, strengus, Middle English–1500s strenges), Middle English streing, strenge, Middle English–1500s strynge, Middle English–1600s stringe, Middle English–1500s stryng, Middle English– string.
Etymology: Old English stręng (masculine) = Middle Low German strenk, strenge, Middle Dutch strenghe, stringhe (modern Dutch streng, feminine), Old Norse streng-r (masculine) (Danish streng, Swedish sträng) < Germanic type *straŋgi-z; another declensional form is found in Middle Low German strank, strange (masculine), Old High German stranc (masculine) (Middle High German stranc, strange (masculine), feminine, modern German strang, masculine) < Germanic type *straŋgo-z, < *straŋg- < pre-Germanic *stroŋk-: *streŋk-. The pre-Germanic root *streŋk- appears not to be known in this form, but a parallel form *streŋg- is represented by Irish (and Scottish Gaelic) sreang cord, string, Middle Irish srincne navel-string, Greek στραγγάλη halter, Latin stringĕre to bind, draw tight.
I. A line, cord, thread.
1. A line for binding or attaching anything; normally one composed of twisted threads of spun vegetable fibre.
a.
(a) In early use sometimes a rope or cord of any thickness (applied, e.g. to a cable, a rope forming part of the rigging of a ship, a bell-rope, etc.). In 16–18th centuries applied jocularly to the hangman's rope. Obsolete.The expression ‘to go to heaven in a string’ (to be hanged) referred originally to the Jesuits who were hanged in the reign of Elizabeth.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > rope, string, cord, etc.
stringa900
linea1000
lacec1230
cordc1305
whipcord?a1500
thumb-rope1601
thumb-band1639
chord1645
spun-yarn1685
hairline1731
tie-tie1774
rope1841
wire rope2001
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > rope, cord, or line
stringa900
soleOE
funela1400
tow1513
rope1720
tug1805
thews1851
jeff1854
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > string
stringa900
bowstring1486
nerve1719
society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > parts of > noose or rope
ropeeOE
withec1275
cordc1330
snarea1425
tippet1447
girnc1480
halter1481
widdie1508
tether?a1513
hemp1532
Tyburn tippet1549
John Roper's window1552
neckweed1562
noose1567
horse-nightcap1593
tow1596
Tyburn tiffany1612
piccadill1615
snick-up1620
Tyburn piccadill1620
necklacea1625
squinsy1632
Welsh parsley1637
St. Johnston's riband1638
string1639
Bridport daggera1661
rope's end1663
cravat1680
swing1697
snecket1788
death cord1804
neckclothc1816
St. Johnston's tippet1816
death rope1824
mink1826
squeezer1836
yard-rope1850
necktie1866
Tyburn string1882
Stolypin's necktie1909
widdieneckc1920
a900 Ælfred Blooms in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 175 Þeah þæt scyp si ute on ðære sæ..hyt byþ gesund..gyf se streng [cf. ancerstreng above] aþolaþ.
OE Andreas (1932) 374 Wedercandel swearc, windas weoxon, wægas grundon, streamas styredon, strengas gurron, wædo gewætte.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8649 Octa had don, in stede of streng, Aboute his nekke a chayne heng,..& seide, Sire kyng! Mercy!
1506 in T. North Bells Lincs. (1882) 506 Item payd for a stryng to the Sants bell, ob.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 71v βρόχος is in latin laqueus, in englyshe an halter or a streng.
c1560 Interl. John Evang. (facs.) C 2 b If he do here thy exclamacyon He wyll make the to stye. Actio. Not in a strynge I trowe.
1588 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 330 vj yockes, girded, 4 s. ij cowpe waines, with stringes, 8 s. 8 d.
1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. A3v The quest went vpon him, and condemned him: and so the Priggar went to heauen in a string.
1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iii. ii. sig. G1v Three merry boyes are we, As ever did sing in a hempen string, under the gallow-tree.
a1708 T. Ward England's Reformation (1710) ii. 47 Then may he boldly take his Swing, And go to Heaven in a String.
a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 769 Where tiny thieves, not destined yet to swing, Beat hemp for others riper for the string.
1840 R. H. Barham Execution in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 300 To see a man swing At the end of a string, With his head in a noose.
(b) Literal rendering of Vulgate funiculus (a mistranslation; see the modern English Bibles).
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a1300 E.E. Psalter civ. (cv.) 11 I sal give þe þe land of Chanaan, Stringe of þine heritage on-an.
a1300 E.E. Psalter cxxxviii. (cxxxix.) 3 Mistie and mi stringe in-stepped þou nou.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xv[i]. 6 Strengis fel til me in fulbryght.
b. Chiefly applied, and gradually restricted, to a line of smaller thickness than that connoted by rope. In modern use: a thin cord or stout thread.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > rope, cord, or line > cord or string
string1154
cordc1305
loync1400
knittlea1425
chord1645
clew1660
slip1688
tie-cord1907
1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1137 Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here hæued.
c1200 Vices & Virtues 45 Þat ure ropes ne to-breken, þe bieð ibroiden mid þrie strænges.
c1290 St. Edmund 167 in S. Eng. Leg. 436 Heo [sc. a hair shirt] nas i-sponne ne i-weoue ake i-broide strengus longue.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9353 Þe streng brac & he [sc. the pyx] vel adoun suche signe nas noȝt god.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 480/1 Strynge, cordula, instita, funiculus.
1631 H. Crooke Expl. Instr. Chirurg. 15 But the Seton or string which is in the wound must be gently drawne to and againe.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 25 Like the scraps of Paper fastned by School-boys at the end of the String that holds their Kite.
1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 82 A string, pretty strong, with loop for the hand.
c. In generalized sense, as a material: Thin cord or stout thread used for tying parcels and the like: = twine n.1 1.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > twine or string
twine1692
string1827
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. i. 21 Matches, string, and bladder, are also necessary.
1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xxi. 141 Lo, Miss Pross, in harness of string, awakening the echoes, as an unruly charger, whip-corrected.
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 77 It is best to balance the gun on thin string.
d. †A cord used as a whiplash (obsolete). Also U.S. ‘A common name among teamsters for a whip’ (Bartlett).
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society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge > whip-lash
stringc1000
lashc1381
whiplash1573
metal1611
voorslag1833
blacksnake1854
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > urge on > with a whip > (types of) whip
wandc1400
rod?a1475
riding rod?a1549
switch1597
quirka1616
whippet1616
shambrier1667
horsewhipa1691
whip-stick1782
lash-whip1787
flogger1789
string1839
nagaika1842
whalebone1842
quirt1845
switcher1847
ash-plant1850
hunting-crop1857
dick1864
bow-whip1890
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 15 And he worhte swipan of strengon.
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. K.iijv She bare a skourge, with many a knottie string.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 10v Musick replyes, that Melanippides,..& such fantasticall heades, haue..with manye stringes, geuen her so many woundes, that [etc.].
1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home i. 12 Until by unwearied chirruping and some judicious touches of ‘the string’ the horses are induced to struggle as for their lives.
e. A cord used as a snare. rare.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun]
grinc825
trapa1000
snarea1100
swikea1100
granea1250
springec1275
gina1300
gnarea1325
stringc1325
trebuchet1362
latch?a1366
leashc1374
snarlc1380
foot gina1382
foot-grina1382
traina1393
sinewa1400
snatcha1400
foot trapa1425
haucepyc1425
slingc1425
engine1481
swar1488
frame1509
brakea1529
fang1535
fall trap1570
spring1578
box-trapa1589
spring trapa1589
sprint1599
noosec1600
springle1602
springe1607
toil1607
plage1608
deadfall1631
puppy snatch1650
snickle1681
steel trap1735
figure (of) four1743
gun-trap1749
stamp1788
stell1801
springer1813
sprent1822
livetrap1823
snaphance1831
catch pole1838
twitch-up1841
basket-trap1866
pole trap1879
steel fall1895
tread-trap1952
conibear trap1957
conibear1958
c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 166 Un oysel ke est dist becaz Près du rivere est pris en laz [glossed streing].
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxxxix. [cxl.] 6 And strengis [L. funes] þai strekid in snare.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vi. i. 348 We walk in a world of Plots; strings, universally spread, of deadly gins and falltraps.
f.
(a) A cord for leading or dragging along a person or an animal; a leading-string, a leash. Also in figurative phrases (especially common in 17–18th centuries), esp. to lead in a string, to have in (or on) a string = to have under control, to be able to do what one likes with.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > lead
stringa1300
banda1400
head rope1810
tending-string1821
lead-rope1846
leading-string1859
jerk line1865
guy rein1869
headline1889
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over
windc1374
to bring (a person) above the thumb1469
to have to mastery1480
to have at one's beck1530
to turn and wind1557
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to turn over the thumb1603
to lead in a stringc1616
to hold at school1647
to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698
to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748
to twist (a person) round one's finger1780
to play with ——1827
to have (one) on toast1886
to have (got) by the balls1918
to have the wood onc1926
a1300 Deb. Body & Soul in Map's Poems (Camden) 339 An hundred develes..with stringes him drowen, unthanc his, Til he kome to that lodli lowe, ther helle was.
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Ii Those that walke as they will,..perswading themselues that they haue the worlde in a string, are like the ruffian Capaney, who [etc.].
1590 ‘Pasquil’ First Pt. Pasquils Apol. sig. C4v He perceiueth not in all this, that I haue his leg in a string still.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) vi. 2383 The country parson may, as in a string, Lead the whole parish vnto anything.
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 162 He [Alex. the Great] had the world in a string, as our English Proverbial Phrase is.
1682 Wit & Drollery 77 My Dog in a String doth lead me,..For to the Blind, All Men are kind.
1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse ii. 35 By this means a Lady may..lead twenty Fools about in a String, for two or three Years together.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 36 He's the Captain's humble Pig in a String.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. lxxxvii.* 324 They govern me as a child in strings.
1791 W. Cowper Let. 26 Feb. (1982) III. 470 He either suffer'd prejudice to lead him in a string whithersoever it would, or [etc.].
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 167 ‘Got him in a string,’ is when a man is made to believe one thing, several others follow as matter of course.
1894 F. Barrett Justif. Lebrun viii. 66 When they believed they had the world on a string.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 352 He..took me down the Woermann Road..as it were on a string.
1901 Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 8/2 Mr. H. said he was not a candidate on a string; he had his own convictions.
(b) figurative (originally U.S.). A limitation, condition, or restriction attached to something. Frequently in no strings attached (cf. no strings n. and adj.); also (with hyphen) as adjectival phrase; hence strings-attached adj. (rare).
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the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > instance of
conditionc1380
protestationc1390
butc1405
restrictiona1450
limitationc1475
if1532
conditionary1678
reservation1719
whereas1795
yes but1870
string1888
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > without restraint [phrase] > without restriction or limit
without reserve1658
the sky's the limit1908
(with) no holds barred1942
no strings attached1951
1888 in Dict. Amer. (1951) ii. 1665/1 Bob Ingersoll says there is a string to it.
1905 N.Y. Evening Post 11 Aug. 6 The members of the committee have seen the folly of an investigation with a string tied to it.
1930 Randolph Enterprise (Elkins, W. Va.) 19 Dec. 4/2 All the propositions with a string to them remind us of the..First of April joke.
1948 G. E. Kirk Short Hist. Middle East viii. 242 The masses are accustomed to poverty and will listen to their own political leaders rather than to foreigners who offer them opulence with a political ‘string’ attached.
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 90/1 It has for its elements..imagination with no strings attached.
1953 S. Plath Johnny Panic & Bible of Dreams (1977) ii. 151 Would he ask her out..just for herself, no strings attached?
1960 Washington Post 16 Nov. a16/2 Much has been said about the desirability of aid without strings, and a strong case can be made for this in some areas where the need is economic. Certainly any strings ought to be obvious.
1969 Daily Tel. 12 Dec. 1/1 The Government is to give a new £7 million loan to Upper Clyde Shipbuilders... The new loan would not carry any ‘strings’.
1971 Nature 16 Apr. 420/2 A ‘substantial’ effort will be made in the category called l'aide au développement, a strings-attached arrangement whereby state loans proffered for industrial development must be repaid if the project proves successful and profitable.
1976 Women's Rep. Sept.–Oct. 2/1 The feminist-run clinics in Australia..who persuaded the government to fund them (no strings attached).
1980 Forest Products News (Wellington, N.Z.) XVII. i. 2/2 As a gesture of goodwill, NZFP has given ‘no-strings-attached’ aid to an experimental forestry venture in Northland.
1981 J. B. Hilton Playground of Death v. 58 I could aspire to be his assistant editor... He was very proud of the Examiner's freedom from strings.
g. A thread on which beads, pearls, etc. are strung. (See 12.)
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the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery of specific shape or form > [noun] > bead(s) > thread or string for
string1612
bead-string1801
strand1825
1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 20 in First Anniuersarie And as these stars were but so many beades Strunge on one string.
1676 E. Stillingfleet Def. Disc. Idolatry i. i. §13. 119 They..say their prayers exactly with their Beads, of which they have 180 on a string.
1830 W. Scott Monastery (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xxix As the string of a necklace links the beads, which are otherwise detached.
1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason xvii. 357 Nor on one string are all life's jewels strung.
h. A fishing-line. Obsolete.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fishing-line > [noun]
linec1374
fishing-line1466
string1585
thread1602
fish-line1639
taum1670
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvi. 17 b Eeles..haue so sharpe teeth, that there cannot be a string so good, but they will bite it asunder.
1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. D2v Stringes for each Man sixe..euery string must be fifty fathome long.
i. A cord for actuating a puppet. Also figurative, esp. in to pull the strings, to control the course of affairs, to be the concealed operator in what is ostensibly done by another; to pull strings, to exert influence privately. Cf. string-pulling n. at Compounds 2 below.
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society > authority > power > influence > have influence [verb (intransitive)] > exert influence > behind the scenes
to pull (also move) the wires1813
to pull (also work) the ropes1841
to pull the strings1860
to pull strings1924
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > puppetry > [noun] > puppet > strings or wires of
wire1656
string1860
1860–70 W. Stubbs Lect. European Hist. (1904) i. i. 11 A king who pulled the strings of government so exclusively himself.
1868 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 191 650 Persons..who pull the strings of the Catholic world in the city of Rome.
c1880 Our Own Country II. 257 Some men..who pulled the strings that influenced the mob.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lx. 421 The same men continuing to serve year after year, because they hold the strings in their hands.
1924 M. Kennedy Constant Nymph iii. xvi. 213 With half a dozen strings within her reach, she had not made up her mind which to pull.
1938 M. Allingham Fashion in Shrouds xxii. 404 I've been trying to pull a few strings myself..but there's an ominous frigidity on all sides.
1955 G. Greene Loser takes All i. v. 26 Rice is still short, but I'm certain Aunt Marion can pull strings with the grocer.
1960 News Chron. 30 Jan. 3/8 She admits she will pull any strings to get things done.
1979 R. Jaffe Class Reunion (1980) ii. viii. 265 He couldn't be dumb or they wouldn't have accepted him at Le Rosay. On the other hand, his father had strings to pull everywhere.
j. A bell-pull (? obsolete); a check-string.
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society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > [noun] > bell rung by cord > bell-pull
to pluck the ribbon1699
string1748
bell-pull1825
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > parts of > string for signalling to driver
string1748
check-string1774
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. xxi. 66 He pulled the string... The coachman stopp'd.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 41 The door [of his bedroom was] without a lock, and the bell without a string.
k. Each of the rudder-lines of a boat.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > steering yoke or quadrant > rope or chain
yokea1625
wheel-rope1820
yoke line1822
string1852
tiller-lines1889
wheel-chain1891
1852 R. B. Mansfield Log Water Lily 43 Coxswain could only lay down in the boat, and pull whichever string he was directed.
l. Weaving. (See quot. 1891.)
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > threads in process of weaving > [noun] > warp > length of
string1891
1891 Labour Commission Gloss. String in length, is three yards three inches of warp. It is a method of measurement of work in the weaving trade to be paid by the piece at so much per string.
m.
(a) Figurative phrases. †to draw by one string: to be in accord, ‘pull together’. †to hang (together) on or in a string: (of persons) to be united in purpose; (of things) to be closely connected. at one's string's end (dialect): see quot. 1854.
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the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > be in agreement [verb (intransitive)]
accord1340
cordc1380
to be condescendedc1386
to be consentedc1386
consenta1400
intend1421
onec1450
drawc1480
to be of (also in) one (or a) mind?1496
agreea1513
gree?a1513
to draw by one string1558
conspire1579
to meet witha1586
conclude1586
condog1592
consign1600
hit1608
centre1652
to be of (another's) mind1717
to go all the way (also the whole way) with1829
to sing the same song1846
the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > correlate [verb (intransitive)] > depend upon each other mutually
to hang (together) on or in a string1558
interdepend1848
1558 W. Forrest Hist. Grisild the Second (1875) 159 Of thy noble Counselours the truthe to saye, Neauer hathe beene seene to drawe by one strynge More stedfastely sure then nowe at this daye.
1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 23 The Bishop being able to get nothing out of them who all hung together on a string, commanded them however to proceed no further in so slippery a business.
1697 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 47 By. That is another subject. C. But it hangs all in a string.
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iii. viii. 153 A judge, not nominated and employed by either party, would certainly not..hold himself warranted in going out of his string to act the part of Daniel.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 304 ‘He's got to his string's end,’ meaning he's either got to the end of his purse or the end of his story.
(b) In phrases (frequently attributive) with sealing-wax, used to denote the unpretentious apparatus with which great discoveries may be made.
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1962 Daily Tel. 5 Mar. 20/5 The traditional British method of scientific research with ‘string and sealing wax’ will pay rich dividends.
1969 New Scientist 28 Aug. 422/2 Systems which are..still in the string and sealing-wax stage of development.
1972 Physics Bull. July 393/1 The individual with his sealing wax and string has been replaced by the battalion with a multimillion pound particle accelerator.
1975 Nature 2 Oct. 349/1 I have been told that it is impossible to ‘put the clock back’. The assumption is that the age of string, sealing wax and enthusiasm has gone for ever.
1976 Sci. Amer. Oct. 138/2 Blackett's world was no longer Rutherford's string-and-sealing wax one.
n. A hoax or trick. Cf. string v. 15, stringer n. 9. U.S. slang.
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the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > a trick, prank, hoax
pratOE
mowa1393
pageant?c1430
jimp?1572
prank1576
jest1578
jig1592
frump1593
trick1605
bilk1664
fun1699
plisky1706
humbug1750
hum1751
practical joke1751
marlock1763
quiz1795
practical joke1804
skite1804
hoax1808
skit1815
wrinkle1817
rusty1835
funny business1838
string1851
stringer1851
cod1862
mank1865
spoof1889
leg-pull1893
rannygazoo1896
shenanigan1926
gotcha1967
to throw a fastball1968
wind-up1984
1851 J. B. Lamar et al. Polly Peablossom's Wedding & Other Tales 92 Of course Mabe was innocent of the ‘string’.
1937 E. H. Sutherland Professional Thief iii. 69 Many other shortcon games have been played, including the gold-brick,..the strap, the string (a variation of the string). [sic: ? read strap].
o. A fashion shade of the natural colour of string, a light greyish-brown. Also attributive or as adj. Cf. string colour adj., string-coloured adj. at Compounds 1b.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > greyish brown
mouse-brown1792
suede1873
smoke1882
antelope1889
string1914
ash-brown1921
oatmeal1927
1914 Queen 24 Oct. 2 (advt.) Colours—champagne, silver, Wedgwood, sky, string.
1923 Daily Mail 7 June 6 In Ivory, String, Beige, Light Grey.
1949 Dict. Colours Interior Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 26/1 String, a colour standardised by B.C.C. in 1934. A similar colour is here shown under the name of String Beige.
1963 Harper's Bazaar May 17 (advt.) In navy, string, cedar, nut brown or black calf... In cardinal, white or string calf.
1972 Vogue June 13/1 A kind of warm biscuit shade that some paint-makers bluntly term ‘string’.
p. (See quot. 1964). Usually attributive (see string underwear n., string vest n. at Compounds 2 below) or as adj.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [adjective] > for men
Jacky Howe1900
string1964
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [adjective] > with open texture
cellular1888
string1964
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [adjective] > knitted > knitted in specific way
plain1655
stockinet1824
handknit1840
stocking cloth1880
lock knit1926
jersey1938
fisherman's knit1960
Aran1962
flat-knit1963
string1964
1964 Which? Apr. 123/1 There are four main types of knit for men's underwear—plain; interlock; cellular, mesh or eyelet; and string... String fabrics are mesh fabrics, but of a very open structure—the holes may be nearly one inch across, and the fabric is usually in the form of thick strands joined together. This type originated in Norway, where the fishermen used to cut up their old fishing nets and wrap them round their bodies to keep warm when fishing in icy weather.
1966 ‘A. York’ Eliminator viii. 156 His underwear was Norwegian string. His coat was a Burberry.
2. transferred. A natural string or cord.
a. In an animal body: A ligament, tendon, nerve, etc.; an elongated muscle or muscular fibre; the frænum of the tongue. Also †figurative. Cf. eye-string n., heartstring n.Exc. in string of the tongue, the sense is now rare. The word is occasionally applied to a tough piece of fibre in meat or the like. (Cf. stringy adj. 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun]
sinec725
sinewOE
stringc1000
bend1398
nerfa1400
nervea1400
cordc1400
ligamentc1400
ligaturec1400
couple1535
chord?1541
lien?1541
tendon?1541
tendant1614
artery1621
leader1708
ligamentum1713
chorda1807
vinculum1859
Tenon's capsule1868
tendo1874
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [noun] > tongue > specific part
stringc1000
fillet1693
fungiform papilla1779
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 102 Ceorf þane streng under þara tunga.
c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 32 Dentz foreynz lange et filet Forteth tunge and strynge.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) v. xxiii Þe instrumentes of þe voice..beþ longen, strenges [L. arteriæ; cf. artery n. 1], þe þrote [etc.].
1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. lxxiv. P iv Seldom is broken the bone of the calfe, for it is an harde bone, and is defendyd with the strynges & synewes.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark vii. f. liijv The stringe off hys tounge was loosed [so later versions].
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Dj Of what nature are the cordes? Answere. The strynges ben almoste as all of one nature..but yet the cordes more than the strynges. For lyke as the strynges be meane amonge the cordes and the bones, so be the cordes meane amonge ye strynges & the synewes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 159v You must in no wise shake them [sc. eggs]..leste you breake the stringes of lyfe [L. vitales fibras], that are but newely begun.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 21/2 Ligamentum,..the ligatures or strings of ye bones.
1614 W. B. in tr. Philosophers Banquet (ed. 2) Pref. 3 The braine, and Strings thervnto offitiall.
1621 T. Lodge tr. S. Goulart Learned Summary Poeme of Saluste of Bartas i. 280 The Tendons, proceeding from the Muskles,..which the Physicions..haue called Synderique Nerues or Strings.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 61 Instead of cutting off the Stern [of a young Spaniel], it is better to twist it off... And if thus pulled off, there is a string that comes out with it which doth hinder their madness.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 315 Whilst he draws the stones with his teeth, he has his two hands at liberty to hold back the strings of the stones that they are not drawn away; for the strings run up into the loins and backbone.
1757 W. Thompson Royal Navy-men's Advocate 20 The Flesh..will be nothing better than the Strings or Husk of Flesh.
1842 T. Webster Encycl. Domest. Econ. §4839. 860 In young mutton, that fat readily separates; in old, it is held together by strings of skin.
1890 E. Coues Handbk. Field & Gen. Ornithol. 329 These threads..are called chalazæ; they are the ‘strings’, rather unpleasantly evident in a soft-boiled egg.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (1878) 235 She was hiliche greuid in alle the strenges of hir herte.1592 J. Lyly Gallathea iii. i. sig. D3 My wanton eyes which conceiued the picture of his face, and hangd it on the verie strings of my hart.a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xi. 57 Egypt, thou knew'st too well, My heart was to thy Rudder tyed by' th' strings . View more context for this quotation
b. In certain fishes. ? Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cordé, Corded,..also, out of season; (a Metaphor from Lampreyes, which being out of season, haue a hard string in their backes).
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 140 Lamprey..considerable for having..Two pair of finns; either that which is the biggest of this tribe, having two very long strings from the upper jaw, and four shorter from the lower jaw [etc.].
1675 V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo iii. 155 A vein of his old thredbare Fallacy discovers it self, which I now perceive (like the poysonous string in the Lamprey,) he resolves shall run through his whole Discourse.
1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. 289 The Old-Wife... There is no Prickles in this Fish's Fins only long Strings.
c. In plants: A cord, thread, or fibre; a ‘vein’ of a leaf; the tough piece connecting the two halves of a pod (in beans, etc.); a root-filament.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root
string1398
by-root1578
fillet1601
taw1615
tapon1641
fibre1656
fang1664
fibril1664
rootlinga1706
lateral root1724
rootlet1783
radicle1793
radicel1819
viver1877
branch-root1884
sprangle1896
thong1927
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages > wind-pipe
arberc1330
stroup1338
arterya1398
string1398
weasand1398
tracheac1400
thrapple?c1425
throat-goll1530
windpipe1530
weezle1538
weasand-pipe1544
throat pipe?1559
lung-pipe1562
whistlea1625
weezle-pipe1632
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) (1495) xvii. i In euerich rote manye maner knottes and stringes.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie S 866 To pull of the small stringes of rootes, fibras radicum euellere. Cic.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 113/1 Neruus,..the nerue, sinew or string of a leafe, as in plantaine.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxxxiii The Roots [of Avens] consist of many brownish strings, or Fibres, smelling some~what like unto Cloves.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 239 If you will pull it [sc. Broom] up you are apt to leave strings behind, the least of which will grow.
1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xxiii. 181 It may be objected, that the fore Part of these hinder Sheats might not be oblique enough to raise up the Strings of Roots or Stubble, which might come across them in their Way.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 671 They [sc. cardoons] are then to be carefully deprived of the slime and strings which will be found to cover them.
1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 16 There may almost always be seen in plant-cells bands or strings of protoplasm which lie in or between the vacuoles.
1884 Implement & Mach. Rev. 1 Dec. 6710/2 A rate of production equal to 47,000 strings of rhea per day.
1904 Nature 18 Aug. 392/2 The vascular strings of the sugar-cane.
figurative.1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Tt1 The Enquirye, concerning the Rootes of Good and euill, and the Strings of those Rootes. View more context for this quotation1685 J. Bunyan Questions Seventh-day-Sabbath v. 118 Luther..had yet work hard enough to get his Conscience clear from all those roots and strings of inbred errour.
d. A tendril (of hops, vine, pea); a runner (of the strawberry, the potato). ? Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > tendril or twining shoot
tenaclec1500
tendril1538
clasp1577
clasper1577
winder1577
capreol1578
taglet1578
twine1579
string1585
trail1597
tress1605
nervelet1648
cirrus1708
clavicle1725
twister1799
bine1808
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 146/1 Capreolus,..the strings that wind about and fasten the vine to the perches or polles: they be called tendrilles.
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 255 When your Strawberies shoot their strings, you must castrate them.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 131 If the Haum and Strings of the Hops be burnt every year.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 105 Peas..never thrive well till they can take hands with one another, that is, by their strings.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 622 After the potatoe plants have begun to throw out their wires or strings.
3.
a. A cord or line (composed of vegetable fibre, gut, or fine wire) adapted to produce a musical sound when stretched and caused to vibrate.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > [noun] > parts generally > string
stringa1000
chorda1340
corda1340
sinew1605
course-
a1000 Ags. Ps. cxliii. 10 Mid tyn strengum getogen hearpe.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 311/16 Fidis, streng.
a1300 E.E. Psalter xxxii. 2 In harpe and sautre Of ten stringes to him sing yhe.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xii. ii. A iiij b Strenges made of wulfes guttes..corrumpyth strenges made of shepes guttes yf..they be sette amonge theym as in lute or in harpe.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 162v The strenges of the harpe.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 351/2 Hypate,..a basse or base string: that string that maketh the base sound.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 597 All sounds on Fret by String or Golden Wire Temper'd soft Tunings. View more context for this quotation
1748 D. Hume Enq. Human Understanding vii. ii We say..that the vibration of this string is the cause of this particular sound.
1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music String, any wire, or preparation of sheep or catgut, used in musical instruments.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 110 The sweet tones of a harp, whose strings were swept with a master's hand, sounded through the adjoining saloon.
1879 J. Stainer Music of Bible 74 The most primitive material used for strings was, probably, twisted grass; next in time, the guts of animals; lastly, wire or silk.
1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner vii. 73 Cornish remembered that he had been specially told to get a new bass string for the banjo.
b. figurative and in figurative context. Cf. chord n.1 2b. to harp on one (the same, etc.) string: see harp v. to stretch a string: see stretch v. 19.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > [noun]
thingeOE
evenOE
questionc1225
purposec1350
themec1380
mattera1387
reasonc1390
substancea1393
chapter1393
occasion1426
titlec1450
intentc1460
article1531
place1532
scope1549
subject1563
argumenta1568
string1583
matter subject1586
subject matter1587
qu.1608
haunt1622
seat1628
object matter1653
business1655
topic1728
locus1753
sub1779
ground1796
1583 H. Howard Defensatiue E j We read..of a certaine..custome among the false prophets..to meete together:..at which times, I doubt not, but they tuned euery string with such a cunning wrest, as none could trippe them in theyr tale.
1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence ii. iii. sig. E3 Ever touching Upon that string?
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 14 You touch the right string of my inclination, when you pray me to praise..that Prince.
1655 Ld. Norwich Let. 30 Nov. in E. Nicholas Papers (1897) III. 217 But why touch I this string agayne?
1705 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj.: Pt. III i. 19 This is scruing up the Strings too high in all Conscience.
1718 A. Pope Corr. 12 Dec. (1956) II. 23 But I must own, when you talk of Building and Planting, you touch my String.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxv. 147 The dear Gentleman makes me spring to his Arms, whenever he touches this String.
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. xxxi But how shall I attempt such arduous string?
1787 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) III. vii. 275 No sooner did the King touch upon that dangerous string, the history of music, than all else was forgotten!
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxxvii. 376 I asked Mr. Vholes if he would like to live altogether in the country? ‘There, miss,’ said he, ‘you touch me on a tender string.’
1854 Poultry Chron. 2 320 What, another song to the old tune,—another play on the old string.
c. plural. Stringed instruments; now only, such as are played with a bow. Also, in modern use, the players on stringed instruments (in an orchestra or band). Cf. the attributive use in Compounds 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > [noun]
stringsa1340
catling1652
catgut1867
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > company of instrumentalists > [noun] > orchestra > section of orchestra > specific
violino terzo1724
brass1876
wind1876
woodwind1876
strings1887
percussion1889
wood1901
timps1934
timpani1977
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cl. 4 Louys him in strenges & orgyns [1535 Coverdale vpon the strynges; L. in chordis].
1820 Q. Musical Mag. 2 414 The peculiar appropriateness of wind instruments to that element [water], and their decided preference over strings.
1880 Academy 24 Dec. 467/1 Herr Joachim introduced last season his sextet for strings.
1884 Girl's Own Paper Nov. 20/1 By the ‘strings’ of an orchestra, we are always to understand merely such instruments as are played with a bow.
1887 Daily Tel. 14 Mar. (Cassell) With the orchestra little fault could be found beyond the weakness of the strings.
4.
a. A bowstring; †a cord similarly used in a catapult, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > catapult > cord of
string1609
OE Beowulf 3117 Þonne stræla storm strengum gebæded scoc ofer scildweall.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 729 He leadde an his honde enne bowe stronge. & he þene streng up braid.
c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 359 He took his bowe in honde And vp the streng he pulled to his ere.
1420 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1915) II. 123 Et quod lez strynges pro arcubus, qui inventi erunt defectivi, sint forisfacti.
?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xlviii Bow, arowes, sworde, buckler, horne, leysshe, gloues, thy stryng, & thy bracer.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xx[i]. 12 With thy stringes thou shalt make ready thine arowes agaynst the faces off them.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xv. x. 50 As if they were bolts and darts discharged violently from the writhed and wrested strings of a brake or such like engine.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xi. 2 They make ready their arrow vpon the string . View more context for this quotation
1796 S. T. Coleridge Poems Var. Subj. 75 When twang'd an arrow from Love's mystic string.
1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton King Arthur ii. xcix He did but pause, with more effect to wing The stone that chance thus fitted to his string.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 149 On the string He laid that fatal arrow.
b. In figurative phrase, to have two (many, etc.) strings to one's bow: to have two (etc.) alternative resources.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > find means to do something [verb (intransitive)] > have alternative resources
to have two (many, etc.) strings to one's bow1524
1524 T. Wolsey in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 103 Ne totally to grounde you upon the said Quenes doinges, but to have 2 stringes to your bowe, specially whan the oone is wrought with a womans fingers.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Div Ye haue many stryngs to the bowe.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 44 My counsayle is that thou haue more strings to thy bow then one.
1645 R. Baillie Let. 25 Apr. (1841) II. 262 Allaster McDonnell wes the smallest string in his bow.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 1 As he that has two Strings t' his Bow And burns for Love, and Money too.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. viii. 169 Miss Bertram..might be said to have two strings to her bow . View more context for this quotation
1877 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 113 She had three strings to her bow.
c. Hence second string, a second resource available if the first should fail. Frequently (with hyphen) attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > players by ability
second string1643
first string1865
all-star1893
finalist1898
qualifier1908
seed1931
blue chip1958
blue-chipper1958
danger man1976
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > something held in reserve
second string1643
presidiary1745
standby1782
fallback1860
back-up1952
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > resources > second, in case of failure
second string1643
1643 E. Bowles Plaine Eng. 28 It would be a good second string in case the Parliament should..miscarry.
1911 R. R. Marett Anthropol. iv. 113 They found them a people of hunters and fishers, it is true, but with agriculture as a second string.1943 J. B. Priestley Daylight on Sat. xxxi. 245 He was one of that select..group of second-string personages for whom the party..had always to provide.1958 People 4 May 19/1 The man who may take over as second string to Tony Lock is Mike Allen, of Northampton.1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Nov. 1058/3 Moore was a kind of second-string Clarence Darrow.1977 C. McCullough Thorn Birds iv. 80 The big Queensland blue brute that led the dog pack took a slavish fancy to the priest and followed him without question, meaning Frank was very definitely the second-string man.
d. Sport. Said of a racehorse. Also of an athlete (see quot. 1897) and a team. Hence occasionally without prefixed ordinal.
ΚΠ
1863 Baily's Monthly Mag. Mar. 102 Still Jennings has a very dangerous ‘second string’ in Valentine.
1884 Sat. Rev. 12 Apr. 469/1 La Touche..had won the [mile] race at Cambridge in about 4 min. 27 sec...while the Oxford first string, Pratt, had occupied nearly 13 sec. more in covering the ground.
1893 Daily News 22 Apr. 5/3 He ran a dead heat with the other Oxford string for first place in the One Hundred Yards Race.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 62/2 (Athletics) Strings..(2) ‘First,’ ‘second,’ and ‘third’ strings are the first, second, and third men chosen to represent a club in any event.
1934 Times 14 Feb. 6/3 In the first string match P. Q. Reiss (R.A.F. Club) just beat S. N. Capel-Cure by three games to two.
1934 Times 3 Mar. 6/4 The match was decided on the last fight, that between the first-string welter-weights.
1951 Sport 27 Jan. 3/1 On Saturday, ‘Archie’ kept goal for the Rochdale second string.
1972 J. Mosedale Football iii. 32 Walter Camp named him a second-string All-American.
1976 Norwich Mercury 19 Nov. 10 Terry Medwin's finest moment so far as Norwich City Reserves' coach was in defeat. The second string went down 3–2 in September at Tottenham.
5. transferred in Geometry = chord n.1 4. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > chord
cord1551
chord1570
string1594
subtention1610
subtense1614
ordinate1676
inscript1695
supplemental chord1760
string-line1897
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises ii. f. 47v Sinus Rectus is the one halfe of a Chord or string of any Arke which is double to the Arke that is geuen or supposed.
1695 W. Alingham Geom. Epitomiz'd 51 Many other useful Practises mecanicks perform by this Theo. as the finding the length of strings.
6.
a. A piece of cord, tape, ribbon, etc. (often used in pairs) for tying up or fastening some portion of dress, for securing a hat or bonnet by being tied under the chin, for binding the hair, for closing a bag or purse.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > accessories worn in the hair > [noun] > ribbons
stringa1400
puff1601
hair-ribbon1790
follow-me-lads1862
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > strap or tie-string
string1564
stay1601
chin-stay1699
kissing-strings1705
throatlatch1727
bonnet1817
brides1829
hat guard1839
chin-strap1864
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > lace, cord, or string
lacea1382
pointc1390
sinka1425
lacingc1440
pointing ribbon1543
pointing silk1571
string1674
lacer1813
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 208 Her ȝelewe her was faire atired Mid riche strenges of golde wyred.
1564 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 308 lxxxxvi stringis to hattis of diverse cullouris.
1588–9 Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 50 For mottlaye to be a cloke bagge and for stringes to the same, vijs.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 3 You..who has had my purse, As if the strings were thine. View more context for this quotation
1674 in Jrnl. Friends Hist. Soc. (1914) 30 Beare slypt out the runing string of his drawers and tyed it about his necke.
1737 in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Rec. App. ii. 120 A new invented Hoop Petticoat, with..strings for contracting the compass of a Petticoat from four yards in circumference to two yards.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. iv. 111 Our purses, my Lord Duke, are our own—we will not put the strings of them into your Highness's hands, unless [etc.].
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xvii. 160 Kate's..duties being limited to holding articles of costume until Miss Knag was ready to try them on, and now and then tying a string or fastening a hook-and-eye.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xi. 101 The Doctor was a portly gentleman in a suit of black, with strings at his knees, and stockings below them.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. v. iii. 145 Her poor little hands quivered so violently as she held them to her chin to fasten her bonnet that she could not tie the strings.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay v. 85 She wore just such a velvet string as this through the lace of her dress.
b. In plural, the short cords, ribbons, or leather straps, formerly often attached (in pairs) to the edges of book-covers, to be tied in order to keep the book closed. Obsolete (now usually called ties).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > fastenings
clasp1454
strings1583
hasp1829
tier1895
tie-up1896
1583 Catalogus Librorum in J. Dee Private Diary (1842) 71 [A book] In paste-bords, with strings.
1585 S. Daniel tr. P. Giovio Worthy Tract contayning Disc. Imprese C v b A Booke of accomptes, with leather stringes and buckles.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 39 Many of those that pretend to be great Rabbies in these studies have scarce saluted them from the strings, and the titlepage.
1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 78 When your hands unty these strings, Thinke you have an Angell by th' wings.
1663 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 470 Both which [books] for strings and covers cost me 1s. 7d.
c. A very scanty bikini (see quot. 19741).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > set or suit of clothes > [noun] > for specific people > for women > bikini > types of
minikini1967
string1974
string bikini1974
tanga1975
1974 W 14 June 17/2 The latest—The String—looks like a winner on the beaches of other countries too... Held by thin strings, it's just two tiny triangles—front and back—worn with a mini-bra.
1974 Times 13 Aug. 5/6 The String, a sort of cache-sexe sized bathing suit from Brazil which is now sweeping America.
1977 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 5 Nov. 1/4 They were what we call ‘strings’—just a string holding them up.
7. A cord or ribbon worn as a decoration; the ribbon of a knightly order. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > symbol of rank > [noun] > insignia of order > specific insignia of knightly order
the Garterc1350
collar1488
star1602
blue ribbon1607
yellow ribbon1651
red ribbon1652
string1660
green ribbon1672
crossa1684
glory1693
cordon1727
O.M.1903
M.B.E.1917
OBE1917
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 60 These Bramins..wear next to their flesh certain strings, the badge of their order.
1700 M. Prior Carmen Sæculare 17 Round Ormond's Knee, thou tyest the Mystic String That makes the Knight Companion to the King.
1733 J. Swift On Poetry 26 When on thy Breast and Sides Herculean, He fixt the Star and String Cerulean.
1753 S. Foote Englishman in Paris i. 11 Belike they had been sent to Bridewell, hadn't a great Gentleman in a blue String come by and releas'd them.
1814 Ld. Byron Ode to Napoleon xviii The gewgaws thou wert fond to wear, The star, the string, the crest.
8. Anglo-Irish. ? A stretched cord for laying out the boundaries of land: in phrase by lot and string. Hence, a document recording allotments of land. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > charter or deed conveying property > [noun] > deed of allotment > document recording
string1658
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > land-boundary > forming or marking boundary > with stakes > materials used in
string1658
yoking1802
1658 in T. A. Larcom Down Surv. (1851) 246 9thly. Your petitioners desire that the County of Kildare may be set out unto them by lott and string.
1666 in Prendergast Cromw. Settlem. (1870) 199 (note) The claymants produce a string whereby the lands were sett out..Mr. Petty swears that the paper signed was the original..that these strings had as much force as injunctions—that they took possession under them.
9.
a. The cord or chain wound on the barrel of a watch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > parts of
barrel1591
motion1605
bezel1616
fusee1622
string1638
crown wheel1646
out-case1651
watch-box1656
nuck1664
watchwork1667
balance-wheel1669
box1675
dial wheel1675
counter-potence1678
pendulum-balance1680
watch-case1681
pillar1684
contrate teeth1696
pinion of report1696
watch-hook1698
bob-balance1701
half-cock1701
potence1704
verge1704
pad1705
movable1709
jewel1711
pendant1721
crystal1722
watch-key1723
pendulum spring1728
lock spring1741
watch-glass1742
watch-spring1761
all-or-nothing piece1764
watch hand1764
cylinder1765
cannon?1780
cannon1802
stackfreed1819
pillar plate1821
little hand1829
hair-spring1830
lunette1832
all-or-nothing1843
locking1851
slag1857
staff1860
case spring1866
stem1866
balance-cock1874
watch-dial1875
balance-spring1881
balance-staff1881
Breguet spring1881
overcoil1881
surprise-piece1881
brass edge1884
button turn1884
fourth wheel1884
fusee-sink1884
pair-case1884
silver bar1884
silver piece1884
slang1884
top plate1884
karrusel1893
watch-face1893
watch bracelet1896
bar-movement1903
jewel pivot1907
jewel bearing1954
1638 J. Suckling Aglaura ii. 11 Like the string of a watch wound up too high.
1675 J. Smith Horol. Dialogues ii. i. 38 You must first wind it [sc. a watch] up rightly;..not too hastily, least you force the stop, and break the string.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iv. iv. 324 If I should see a curious Watch,..and should observe the exact disposition of the Spring, the String, the Wheels, the Ballance, the Index, [etc.].
b. A chain or a cord for carrying a watch. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1680 London Gaz. No. 1499/4 A silver Watch with a String.
1701 London Gaz. No. 3692/4 Lost.., a Watch with a double Case.., a Green and Silver String with 2 Seals.
10. = sling n.2 3c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [noun] > sling
scarf1598
mitella1661
string1718
sling1720
suspensorium1771
1718 F. Hutchinson Hist. Ess. conc. Witchcraft vii. 104 After him Blew brought his Arm in a String.
11. = scroll n. 3b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > extra-scutal devices > [noun] > motto > scroll
escroll1610
scroll1610
string1797
1797 E. Berkeley in G. M. Berkeley Poems Pref. p. cccclxviii Mr. Berkeley's [motto]..‘Vivat post funera virtus’; which he engraved in the strings of his crest.
II. A number of objects strung on a thread; hence, a series, succession.
12.
a. A thread or file with a number of objects strung upon it; a number (of beads, pearls, etc.) strung on a thread; a ‘rope’ of onions (rope n.1 5); a number of herrings or other fish strung on a thread passed through the gills. Also, a number of things (e.g. sausages) linked together in a line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row > of things fastened together
ropec1400
string1488
1488–92 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 84 Ane string of grete perle contenand fyfti and a perle, and stringis of small perle.
1578 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 263 A string of cornellingis sett in gold.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote l. 335 I haue sent you..a string of Corall Beads.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 124 These Pouseragues are Wheels, with a Rope hanging round them like a string of Beads without an end.
1732 Earl of Oxford in Portland Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 153 We had herrings for dinner caught that very morning, and was the first string they had this year.
1737 in J. Colville Ochtertyre House Bk. of Accomps (1907) 27 For two strings of flounders and a letter, 0 0 7.
a1821 J. Keats Otho iv. i, in R. M. Milnes Life, Lett. & Lit. Remains Keats (1848) II. 172 Fetch me a missal, and a string of beads.
1830 G. P. R. James Darnley I. iv. 60 Endless strings of sausages.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. ix. 140 The steward came down..loaded with cabbages, baskets of eggs, strings of onions, [etc.].
1874 H. H. Cole Catal. Objects Indian Art S. Kensington Mus. 173 Bracelet. Six strings of pink glass beads.
1891 Field 7 Mar. 344/1 A movement is making amongst the fish, several nice strings of codling having fallen to different boats.
1903 Mrs. H. Taylor Pastor Hsi vi. 43 He had no money to draw upon, and no means left of raising even a few strings of cash.
b. Lumber-trade. A number of logs fastened together to be carried down by a river.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > transport of logs > string of logs on river
boom1702
boom fence1848
boom-stick1850
sheer-boom1875
string1878
brail1879
jam-boom1879
boom timber1883
boom log1945
1878 Lumberman's Gaz. 5 Jan. One string of lumber went over the falls on Friday afternoon of last week.
1880 Lumberman's Gaz. 14 Jan. With this decrease in the size of the logs, comes the constant increase in the number of strings into which the company are required to tie the logs.
c. Billiards. (See quots. 1879, 1891) U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > score
string1855
1855 J. Holbrook Ten Years among Mail Bags 60 Just allow me twenty on a ‘string’.
c1865 B. A. Baker Glance at N.Y. 11 I have beat Miss Wilson one string.
1871 G. W. Peck Adventures of Terence McGrant iii. 22 I'd do it to him half a string.
1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. String, the number of points made, in a game of billiards.
1891 Cent. Dict. String 9 (a) A number of wooden buttons strung on a wire to keep the score or tally of the game. There is a string for each player or side. (b) The score, tally, or number of points scored by either player or side at any stage of a game: as, he made a poor string at first, but won.
1924 Billiards Mag. June 46/1 Kreshel beat the coast's amateur three-cushion titlist, 80–44. The score of the first block was 40–14, with the string completed in 110 innings.
13.
a. A number of animals driven in single file tied one to the other; a train of animals, vehicles, or persons one behind the other.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row > of people or things one behind the other
tracec1385
filea1616
string1686
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 352 They generally plough with their Oxen in pairs, but with their Horses in a string, to prevent poching the land.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 340 The drivers take care to tye them [sc. camels] one to another with strong ropes, 50 in a string, led by an Ass on which the driver rides.
1820 Sporting Mag. 6 79 The long string of carriages..increased the animation..of the scene.
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 167 Dealers fasten the halter of one horse to the halter and tail of another, and so on to the amount of sixteen, twenty, or more, and either is a string. ‘Several strings of good horses entered Smithfield to-day.’
1830 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 5 Oct. I call these strings of school boys or girls which we meet near London—walking advertisements.
1842 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) I. 320 Smugglers and their strings of pack-horses.
1849 F. B. Head Stokers & Pokers (1851) iii. 41 A string of empty carriages..[to be] formed into the next departure train.
1885 Rudler & Chisholm Europe 175 A steam-tug with a long string of rafts or a heavily-laden barge in tow.
1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail iii. 16 The train consisted of a string of freight cars.
1910 G. F. Wright in The Fundamentals II. i. 10 Strings of captives with evidently Jewish features.
b. A flock (of birds) flying in single file.In quot. 1889 perhaps confused with spring n.1 7.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > flight > [noun] > bird that flies > group of flying birds > in single file
string1801
1801 J. Thomson Poems Sc. Dial. 12 Just like to wild geese in a string, When aff they flee.
1813 P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 89 Not one string of birds came low enough to be fired at.
1889 F. A. Knight By Leafy Ways 70 We talk of a covey of partridges, a pack of grouse, a string of teal.
14.
a. A set or stud of horses, beasts of draught or burden, †slaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > set of
string1744
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > collectively
string1744
stock1828
slaveage1831
slave-class1840
thirl-folk1871
thrall-folk1887
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > collectively
stud?1316
horseflesha1400
cattlea1680
cavalrya1695
stringa1809
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 59 He procured of him a String of Slaves out of his Chiurm, with a Capo, to work in his Building.
1764 Museum Rusticum 2 163 This circumstance of seeing his highness's string of mules, it was first induced me to think of breeding them.
a1809 T. Holcroft Memoirs (1816) I. i. xi. 88 Johnstone..had a string of no less than thirteen famous [race-]horses..under his care.
1814 B. Heyne Tracts on India 274 I learnt that a gentleman of my acquaintance was encamped near the town with a string of elephants.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xviii. 230 He had flocks of sheep, herds of cattle, droves of horses, and strings of camels.
1889 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Pigsticking 120 A man to whom money is no object will naturally complete his ‘string’ with Arabs or small thoroughbred Walers.
b. A set (of persons); a band, a faction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun]
ferec975
flockOE
gingc1175
rout?c1225
companyc1300
fellowshipc1300
covinc1330
eschelec1330
tripc1330
fellowred1340
choira1382
head1381
glub1382
partya1387
peoplec1390
conventc1426
an abominable of monksa1450
body1453
carol1483
band1490
compernagea1500
consorce1512
congregationa1530
corporationa1535
corpse1534
chore1572
society1572
crew1578
string1579
consort1584
troop1584
tribe1609
squadron1617
bunch1622
core1622
lag1624
studa1625
brigadea1649
platoon1711
cohort1719
lot1725
corps1754
loo1764
squad1786
brotherhood1820
companionhood1825
troupe1825
crowd1840
companionship1842
group1845
that ilk1845
set-out1854
layout1869
confraternity1872
show1901
crush1904
we1927
familia1933
shower1936
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 108 Brutus..had maried their own sister, & had many children by her. Of the which the Vitellians had drawen to their stringe, two of the eldest of them.
16.. Rob. Hood & Maid Marian xii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 219/1 ‘O hold thy hand,’..said Robin Hood, ‘And thou shalt be one of my string.’
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 484 All of that String, Bacchylides, Simonides, Pindar, got their livelyhood by the Muses.
c. Scottish. = file n.2 7. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > line > file
file1598
string1627
rot1632
rat1646
counter-file1653
1627 T. Kellie Pallas Armata 125 Stand right in your Ranks and your Stringes.
d. transferred. = stable n.1 2b. U.S. slang.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > a prostitute > group working for same organization
string1913
stable1937
1913 G. J. Kneeland Commercialized Prostitution N.Y. iv. 77 A single girl, at times a ‘string’ of girls, ‘working’ for them [sc. pimps] on the street or in houses.
1946 Amer. Mercury Sept. 272/2 Promoters of commercialized prostitution look to two main sources for replenishing their ‘stables’ or ‘strings’ of girls.
1982 L. Block Eight Million Ways to Die (1983) x. 87 She wants out of my string of girls.
15.
a. A number of things in a line; a row, chain, range.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row
reweOE
rowc1225
ranka1325
rengec1330
ordera1382
rulec1384
rangea1450
ray1481
line1557
tier1569
train1610
string1713
rail1776
windrow1948
1713 R. North Disc. Fish & Fish-ponds vi. 17 The third Pond may be a Work of another Year; and if the Ground lies fair for it,..I would not be without it; for it will..fill up a Range or String of Waters, which two doth not.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. lv. 544 A long sea-coast, [Croatia] indented with capacious harbours, covered with a string of islands.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 166 Eastward of this lake, lie several small ones, which extend in a string to the great carrying place.
1843 G. W. Le Fevre Life Trav. Physician III. iii. viii. 184 A string of houses built after the model of the peasants' habitations.
1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos (ed. 2) 365 Thence radiate several elevated embranchments or strings of conoidal hills.
b. Originally (more fully string of tools), the drilling bit and weights that occupy the hole in drilling for oil, etc.; in modern use, the entire drilling assembly in the hole (so drilling string); also, the coupled lengths of drill pipe or of casing in the hole.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > oil and natural gas recovery equipment > [noun] > drilling equipment
surface casing1877
string1895
tubular goods1922
drill pipe1932
pup joint1937
drill string1948
turbodrill1948
tubular1975
1895 W. T. Brannt Petroleum vii. 182 The string of tools—the bit, the auger-stem and jars, with the sinkerbar—are [sic] more than sixty feet long.
1929 H. E. Babbitt & J. J. Doland Water Supply Engin. vii. 160 The only tools on the string in spudding are usually the auger stem and the spudding drill.
1939 D. Hager Fund. Petroleum Industry viii. 181 A string of cable tools consists of the bit, stem, jars, sinker bar or sub, and rope socket. The parts of the string are all joined by tool joints and fastened to the drilling cable or line by means of the rope socket.
1947 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 12 Mar. 11/2 Pacific Western's well contains the longest ‘string’ of casing ever run into a well—16,406 feet.
1963 G. Sell Petroleum Industry iii. 53 The swivel is so designed as to allow the drilling string to rotate freely on roller bearings.
1976 M. Machlin Pipeline xxvii. 318 Can you imagine old Wilbur all touted out in greasy coveralls, working the string on some well up in the slope?
1979 R. Piper Story of Oil vi. 23 When boring for oil, a separate engine, apart from the one that raises and lowers the drill string, is needed to turn the drill stem.
c. Mathematics, etc. A sequence of symbols or linguistic elements in a definite order.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [noun] > collection or sequence of
expression1796
type1891
variation1891
plussage1918
string1932
substring1947
1932 C. I. Lewis & C. H. Langford Symbolic Logic iii. 49 Propositions are not strings of marks, or series of sounds, except incidentally.
1940 W. V. Quine Math. Logic vii. 284 Now x is a string of accents, symbolically Ac x, if every initial segment of x ends in an accent.
1954 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 1 120/2 A finite, possibly null, sequence of members of the alphabet is called a string.
1955 N. Chomsky Logical Struct. Ling. Theory (microfilm, Mass. Inst. Technol.) viii. 356 There are cases where similar strings have intuitively quite different interpretations, but where we can discover no grounds..for assigning different markers to them.
1958 Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery 1 11 Strings of letters and figures enclosed by delimiters represent new entities. However, only two types of such strings are admissible: 1. Strings consisting of figures ζ only represent the (positive) integers G (including o) with the conventional meaning. 2. Strings beginning with a letter λ followed by arbitrary letters λ and/or figures ζ are called identifiers. They have no inherent meaning, but serve for identifying purposes only.
1970 J. Lyons Chomsky 58 The ambiguity of such strings as old men and women.
1977 Word 28 91 The surface string of such sentences indeed looks perfectly straightforward—an adjective with comparative inflection and a comparative marker.
1979 Sci. Amer. Oct. 138/3 It was hoped that by transforming the statements of mathematics into strings of meaningless symbols to be combined according to the rules of logic, whatever unavowed principles of reasoning had given rise to the paradoxes would be revealed.
d. Computing. A linear sequence of records or data.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > data > [noun] > structure > list
list1956
string1956
chain1959
queue1963
linked list1971
1956 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 3 147 Areas are set aside for shuttling strings of control fields back and forth until a completely sorted sequence is obtained.
1964 C. Dent Quantity Surv. by Computer iii. 34 After the second pass tapes A and B contain the data in strings of four items.
1979 E. S. Page & L. B. Wilson Introd. Computational Combinatorics iii. 49 Two strings of r, s items respectively are each in ascending order in the main store of a computer.
16.
a. A continuous series or succession (e.g. of stories, questions, incidents, historical personages).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [noun] > a series or succession
row?1510
processiona1564
sequencea1575
succession1579
pomp1595
suite1597
rosary1604
sequel1615
series1618
rope1621
success1632
concatenation1652
sorites1664
string1713
chain1791
course1828
serie1840
daisy chain1856
nexus1858
catena1862
litany1961
1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 26 If this [sc. the ballad theory of the Homeric poems] be true, they are the completest String of Ballads I ever met with.
1713 R. Steele or E. Budgell in Guardian 29 Apr. 2/1 Sir Harry hath what they call a String of Stories, which he tells over every Christmas.
1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 52/2 He then read to the House a string of resolutions under thirteen heads.
1797 C. Burney Let. to F. Burney 28 Sept. I had a string of questions ready to ask.
1839 P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 165 Made a string of indispensable visits, that I could not catch a moment to do before.
1843 S. R. Maitland Dark Ages (1890) xv. 286 The brief records of whole strings of abbots, priors, &c.
1859 A. Helps Friends in Council New Ser. II. i. 10 The man..who masters long strings of facts.
1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 695 We now come to the long string of English writers who accuse Eadric.
1884 Law Times Rep. 50 278/1 Lyell administered to Kennedy a long string of interrogatories.
1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail vi. 47 The reptilian gentleman let out a string of oaths.
b. Oxford University slang. (See quots.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > group of syllogisms
string1721
polysyllogisma1856
1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 20. 104 These commodious sets of syllogisms are call'd strings and descend from undergraduate to undergraduate,..so that, when any candidate for a degree is to exercise his talent in argumentation, he has nothing else to do but to enquire amongst his friends for a string upon such or such a question, and to get it by heart, or read it over in his cap... I have in my custody a book of strings upon most or all of the questions discussed in a certain college.
1780 Gentleman's Mag. 50 277 Every undergraduate [at Oxford]..has in his possession certain papers, which have been handed down from generation to generation, and are denominated strings. [Note In our Sister University called arguments.].. These strings consist of two or three arguments, each on those subjects which are discussed in the schools.
c. A continuous utterance, a ‘screed’. contemptuous.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] > speaking at great length or tedious lengthiness > a continuous utterance
ranea1500
string1766
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xiv. 141 Did he not talk a long string of learning about Greek.
1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 6 Jan. in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) i. 7 It sounds like a mere string of gabble.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 236 The fox sang a string of doggerel.
d. The ‘thread’, sequence (of a narrative). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > a narrative or account > thread or sequence of
series1596
string1833
1833 J. S. Sands Poems 105 Whiles the soul Is apt to tak a rigmarole; And o' her tale to lose the string.
1860–70 W. Stubbs Lect. European Hist. (1904) i. ix. 116 Events..not of great interest as touching the string of Charles's history.
1876 W. Stubbs Early Plantagenets v. 86 We must now return to the direct string of the story.
e. A continuous series of successes or of failures. Originally and chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > series of failures
string1890
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > that which is successful > series of successes
string1890
hat trick1899
grand slam1905
1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 313/2 A common expression in America is ‘to get in a string’, applied to any kind of fortunate series.
1898 H. M. Blossom Checkers 170 Well, I've had my hard luck, and ‘played out the string’.
1967 Boston Herald 8 May 16/5 Womack preserved the victory that ended a four-game losing string for New York.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 Jan. 19/1 The victory stretched the Canadiens' unbeaten string to nine games.
1973 Times 17 Apr. 14/6 I try to take it in my stride and relax, and not get too nervous about continuing a string.
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 27 June 1- f/2 The Mustangs stretched their scoreless string to 12 innings before finally connecting in the fourth inning.
f. Sport. (See quot. 1961.) Also spec. in Bowls, a succession of strikes. North American.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > game or definite spell of play > number of turns at game
string1961
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > ninepins or ten-pins > [noun] > types of shot > strike > succession of strikes
string1961
1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. String, a fixed or standard number of turns at play in a game or competition.
1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 21/4 Fred Harrison failed to win any..prize money in the Ace Bowling Centre's men's open five pin tournament but he..included a perfect 450 game in his 10-game string.
1979 Ritger & Allen Compl. Guide Bowling Spares 228/1 String, a number of continuous strikes. Also, in some areas, one game of bowling.
17.
a. Printing. (U.S.) See quot. 1891.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > record and reference books > [noun] > compositor's proofs of type set
string1875
1875 Chicago Tribune 23 Nov. 7/3 [She] always had a full string at measuring-time.
1889 Current Lit. Apr. 314/1 Presently his week's ‘string’ averaged twelve thousand a day.
1891 Cent. Dict. String... A piece-compositor's aggregate of the proofs of types set by him, pasted on a long strip of paper. The amount of work done is determined by the measurement of this string.
1898 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 11 Jan. 3/1 Printers..who found it no unusual thing to ‘paste up’ ‘strings’ that averaged more than 1,500 an hour.
b. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > copy > collection of correspondent's stories
string1892
1892 Dial. Notes 1 207 When he [sc. a correspondent] comes to make up his bill, he takes all the articles he has written for a given period and pastes them together, end to end. This he calls his string.
1913 W. G. Bleyer Newspaper Writing & Editing iii. 55 On some papers the correspondents clip out all of their news stories and paste them together in a ‘string’ which they send in once a month, so that the telegraph editor may pay them according to the length of the ‘string’.
III. In various transferred uses.
18. A ray, line of light. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > [noun] > ray or beam
beamc885
rowc1225
stringc1275
steamc1300
light beama1398
shafta1400
rayc1400
strakec1400
rade?a1563
gleed1566
radiation1570
shine1581
rayon1591
stralla1618
radius1620
rule1637
irradiation1643
track1693
emanation1700
spoke1849
spearc1850
slant1856
sword1866
secondary1921
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8973 Þe leome gon striden a ueire seoue strengen [c1300 Otho strenges].
19. A length of wire. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > wire > length of wire
string1435
1435 Coventry Leet Bk. 181 And then that wire that the mayster supposithe wille be cherisshed atte gurdell, he shall com to his girdulmon and sey to hym ‘Lo, here is a stryng or ij, that hathe ben mysgouerned atte herthe.’
20. (See quot. 1542) Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Canterii, be the pieces, whiche do lye vnder a piece of tymber whan it is sawen, which som do call strynges.
21. Mining. A thin vein of ore or coal; a ramification of a lode.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > vein > thin
race1580
string1603
veinlinga1618
leading1653
primgap1653
sticking1653
coal pipe1699
hilo1848
stringer1874
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 91 The stringe is a smale narowe vayne sometymes ij iij or iiij foote in biggnes.
c1619 S. Atkinson Discov. Gold Mynes Scotl. (1825) 37 From Short-clough water he removed unto Long-cloughbrayes,..to seeke gold in solidd places: where he discovered a small stringe thereof.
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 270 Stickings and stringes of oar.
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. D3 But if it happen that it break into several Leadings or Strings.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 98 Some of the copper veins in Herland mine..eventually passed away east and west in mere strings, scarcely thicker than paper.
1867 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) ii. 27 The frequent recurrence of thin strings of copper-ore.
22. A rail, bar of iron or wood on which something slides or runs. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > way on which something moved in specific direction
run1774
string1778
guide-way1876
1778 W. Hutchinson View Northumberland II. 417 Wheels of iron, the fellies or rims of which are hollow, so as to run upon strings of wood adapted thereto, with which the roads are laid.
1790 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Midland Counties I. 143 On this bar or string of iron, a ring, with a chain passing to the wheels, plays freely from end to end.
23.
a. = stringhalt n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of legs > stringhalt
cord?1523
stringhalt?1523
maryhinchcho1610
springhalt1610
strangle-halt1624
string1650
haltstring1673
wild mare hunch (hinch, hitch)1703
stringhaltedness1889
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 205 A Gelding (that was proud of a string).
1823 J. Pursglove Pract. Farriery 204 The string, or spring halt..is termed by some authors the blind spavin.
b. A form of constipation in cattle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > intestinal or urinary disorders
vermination1656
maw-bounda1722
mooring1737
string1776
gut-tie1794
string1798
1776 Compl. Grazier (ed. 4) 40 The Hind Spring or String is when they [sc. kine] become bound in their body, and cannot dung.
c. Scottish. In plural: see quot. 1798.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > intestinal or urinary disorders
vermination1656
maw-bounda1722
mooring1737
string1776
gut-tie1794
string1798
1798 R. Douglas Gen. View Agric. Roxburgh & Selkirk 149 Calves..are sometimes seized with an inflammation in the intestines, provincially called liver-crook, or strings.
1802 G. V. Sampson Statist. Surv. Londonderry 214 Calves are liable to a disorder, called the strings.
24. A narrow ridge on the surface of a flint.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mark on feature or surface > [noun]
seamc1330
footprint1552
stringa1728
wrinklea1807
ripple mark1831
ripple1838
grooving1846
wave-mark1863
sand-scratch1871
chatter-mark1888
cross-colouring1901
wave-marking1903
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 53 The Flint constituting the Body of the Stone, of the Cylinder, and the String about it, is all of the same Colour and Substance.
25. U.S. A line of fencing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a fence > line of
string1794
fence-line1858
1794 G. Washington Let. in Writings (1892) XIII. 20 I was led to form the plan of having but one public road through my Mount Vernon tract,..along the string of fence that divides the upper from the lower fields.
1854 Trans. Michigan Agric. Soc. 6 177 The strings of fence will average eight and three-quarter rails high.
1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy 17 On the Mexican side there was a single string of high brush fence.
26. Carpentry. (a) = stringboard n. at Compounds 2; often with qualifying word or words. (b) = rough string n. at rough adj. Compounds 5a.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > stringers
stair-tree1374
sister1518
rail1679
string1711
carriage1758
rough string1819
notch-board1823
bridgeboard1842
stringer1883
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > stringers > specific
stringboard1703
string1711
wall-string1849
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 65 A pair of winding Stairs, having a Nuel in the Center, and a Side or String for the Circumference.
1737 E. Hoppus Salmon's Country Builder's Estimator (ed. 2) 25 Of Stair-Cases...1. Steps of common Stairs, Strings and String-boards, and Bearers included, of Oak, 8d. per Foot.
1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 184 Sometimes the risers [are] mitred to brackets, and sometimes mitred with quaker strings.
1849 P. Nicholson Carpentry II. 3 Those pieces which support the ends of the steps are called strings.—That against the wall is called the wall string; the other, the outer string.
1885 E. S. Morse Japanese Homes (1886) iv. 197 [The staircase] has two side-pieces, or strings, in which the steps, consisting of thick plank, are mortised.
27. Shipbuilding. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > planking > internal planking > at uppermost level
string1711
spirketting1846
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 164 Strings; parts used to strengthen; and what are called Clamps in the lower parts, are termed Strings upward.
1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor 165 String is that strake of Plank within Side of the Ship that is wrought over the upper Deck Ports in the Wast.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 154 String, one or two planks withinside, next under the gunwale, answering to the sheer~strakes withoutside.
28. Architecture. = string-course n. at Compounds 2 or -moulding (see Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > moulding > string-course or -moulding
curstable1278
tablec1400
ledgement1435
wreath1677
cordon1706
tablette1723
belt1730
string1809
string-course1825
belt course1830
tablet1830
string-moulding1833
rope border1855
stringing course1861
racecourse1883
1809 T. D. W. Dearn Bricklayer's Guide 101 This projection frequently occurs, and in many instances serves as an agreeable relief to the eye, if of no other use; it is sometimes called a string.
1817 T. Rickman Attempt to discriminate Styles Eng. Archit. 50 A plain string is also sometimes used as a cornice.
1842 Ecclesiologist I. 199 Ancient lancets have not, indeed, invariably strings underneath them.
1850 T. Inkersley Styles Archit. France 323 A moulded inclined plane above a flowered string.
29. the String of Lorn: see quot. a1678.
ΚΠ
a1678 in Highland Papers (S.H.S.) II. 85 The mountain betwixt Lochow and Lorn called the String.
1889 in Ld. A. Campbell Waifs & Strays Celtic Tradit. I. 28 She fled with the precious deeds across the String of Lorn.
30. Shetland. A strong tidal current in a narrow channel. [ < Old Norse strengr.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > strong tidal
swelchiea1688
string1884
1884 C. J. G. Rampini Shetld. & Shetlanders ii. 80 Even in crossing a string of tide the fishermen always betook themselves to their oars.
1888 J. M. E. Saxby Lads of Lunda 131 I am sure we could not cross that string of tide in safety.
31. Billiards. A string-line, a baulk-line. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > table > lines
baulk-line1839
string1857
stringing-line1873
string-line1897
anchor baulkline1910
1857 Spirit of Times 30 May 200/1 The player in hand can play at any ball, the largest half of which lies outside the string.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 336 Cheese it, pard; you've banked your ball clean outside the string.
1964 Sullivan & Crane Young Sportsman's Guide to Pocket Billiards viii. 77 Through the head spot is drawn the ‘head string’. This is a line that passes through the head spot and the two center diamonds on the opposing side rails (near the head end of the table). There are comparable designations—‘foot spot’ and ‘foot string’—at the opposite end of the table.
1974 Rules of Game 80/1 Each player takes a cue ball, and plays it against the foot cushion from behind the head string.

Compounds

C1. Obvious comb.
a.
(a) In sense ‘made or consisting of string’.
string bag n.
ΚΠ
1901 B. Pain Another Englishwoman's Love-lett. xxvi. 116 A string-bag full of parcels.
string ball n.
ΚΠ
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xiv. 270 Dick..played aimlessly with the tins and string-ball on the counter.
string netting n.
ΚΠ
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 464 String Netting..is made to cover glass bottles.., the network formed by the string protecting the more fragile object that it covers.
string rug n.
ΚΠ
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 464/2 String rugs..are made from odds and ends of coarse Berlin or fleecy wool, which are either knitted up with string or worked into coarse canvas in loops.
(b) ‘containing string’.
string box n.
ΚΠ
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxvii. 354 Paper, pens, ink, ruler, sealing-wax, wafers, pounce-box, string-box, fire-box..all had their accustomed inches of space.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House x. 90 Mr. Snagsby has dealt..in string boxes, rulers, inkstands,..ever since he was out of his time.
1926–7 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 120/2 Household string box..containing a ball of fine, medium, and coarse brown string.
1980 R. Adams Girl in Swing xix. 255 She came back with the other two saucepans, the lemon-squeezer, the string-box and two brown-paper parcels.
string case n.
ΚΠ
1899 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Dec. 3/2 String-cases in red morocco.
(c) Music (see 3c).
string band n.
ΚΠ
1860 G. A. Sala Baddington Peerage I. xvi. 290 There was a string-band and a wind-band at the Apollo Belvidere.
string instrument n.
ΚΠ
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 321 There is not One String-Instrument that seems comparable to our Violins.
1859 Habits Good Society vi. 232 The zither, one of the sweetest and most touching of string instruments.
string man n.
ΚΠ
?c1470 Liber Niger Domus Regis Edwardi IV (Harl. 610) f. 23 Mynstrells..wheroof some vse trumpetts, some shalmes some small pipes some are stringemen.
1971 Country Life 23 Dec. 1776/3 The peacock for the most distinguished person at the high table was carried into the dining-hall with pompous ceremony on a gold or silver-gilt charger by the most elegant lady of the assembled company, attended by trumpeters, pipers and string-men.
string minstrel n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1498 in R. Henry Hist. Great Brit. (1793) VI. 724 Item, for three stryngmynstrels wages, 5 li.
string music n.
ΚΠ
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 361. ¶3 He added, that the Cat had contributed more to Harmony than any other Animal, as we are not only beholden to her for this Wind Instrument, but for our String Musick in general.
string musical instrument n.
ΚΠ
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 300 He..makes..all sorts of string-musical instruments.
string player n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > string player > [noun]
twangler1594
twanger1598
wire-drawera1627
thrummer1706
strummer1785
string player1923
1923 Daily Mail 6 Feb. 7 All the string-players pulled their weight.
1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 385/2 The Council has approved this year's awards of scholarships to enable young string players and singers to undertake advanced studies.
string quartet n.
ΚΠ
1875 J. Bishop in tr. J. A. Otto Treat. Violin (new ed.) iv. 52 A string quartett, made by A. Engleder, of Munich,..possessed the following peculiarity of form. The upper half of each instrument was [etc.].
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 410/2 String quartet, (1) A composition in four parts, for two violins, viola and violoncello. (2) The group of stringed instruments in a band.
string trio n.
ΚΠ
1874 F. A. G. Ouseley Musical Form 52 Thus are constructed symphonies and sonatas; string-trios, quartetts.
b. Similative.
string colour adj.
ΚΠ
1899 Daily News 20 Mar. 8/7 The creamy lace..will be deep enough in tint to be beige, or even string-colour.
string-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
1898 Daily News 19 Feb. 3/3 With collars and sleeves of string-coloured guipure.
string-like adj.
ΚΠ
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 120 Mosses, which have string-like cell-groups in the stem.
string-tailed adj.
ΚΠ
1893 E. H. Barker Wanderings by S. Waters 64 String~tailed, goggle-eyed, meagre cats that seize your dinner.
c. Instrumental.
string-soled adj.
ΚΠ
1924 Blackwood's Mag. Oct. 556/2 We steal softly on our string-soled shoes down the stairs.
string-tied adj.
ΚΠ
1925 J. Gregory Bab of Backwoods xxiii. 285 There was a string-tied canvas bag, as long as her open palm.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 2 Feb. 5/3 Hay from £9 10s to £10, loose in stack; in bales, string-tied, £10 to £10 10s.
C2. Special combinations:
string analysis n. Linguistics a method of analysing sentences as linear strings.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > [noun] > study or science of > syntactic analysis
parsinga1568
string analysis1962
SD1964
1960 Language 36 63 Positively, it leads to the development of a string constituent analysis in which grammatical strings are discovered and described.]
1962 Z. S. Harris (title) String analysis of sentence structure.
1972 R. R. K. Hartmann & F. C. Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 221/2 A string analysis of the sentence Today we heard three shots in the park would be as follows: We heard shots is the elementary sentence; today is an adjunct to the left of the elementary sentence; in the park is an adjunct to the right of the elementary sentence; three is an adjunct to the left of the word shots.
string art n. U.S. the art of making decorative pictures by winding yarn round nails driven into a flat surface.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > other visual arts > [noun] > string art
symmography1971
string art1972
1972 Creative Crafts Aug. 21/1 Our ship bounding over gleaming silver waves is an excellent example of fascinating string art, the fool-the-eye craft which makes curves from straight lines.
1975 String Art Encycl. 41 (caption) A traditional fruit display looks different..when you stitch it using the string-art technique.
string-bark n. (also string-bark tree) Australian = stringybark n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees > string bark
stringy-bark1801
string-bark1845
messmate1861
1845 J. O. Balfour Sketch New S. Wales 37 The string bark tree is also useful.
1862 W. Archer Products Tasmania 39 Gum-topped String-bark, sometimes called white gum (Eucalyptus gigantea, var.).
string bass n. Jazz a double bass; also transferred, the player of a double bass.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > string player > [noun] > bass-player
bassist1870
contrabassist1884
string bass1927
slapper1934
bassman1952
bull-fiddler1957
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > bowable instrument > [noun] > double-bass
contrabass1598
double bass1728
bull fiddle1880
doghouse1924
bass1927
string bass1927
slap-bass1949
1927 Melody Maker Aug. 771/2 Their instrumentation..which, when playing on Sundays, is a combination of piano, flute, 'cello, violin, string bass and tymps.
1930 Melody Maker Jan. 27/1 The pianist and string bass must be particularly complimented on the steadiness of their playing.
1956 M. W. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) xvii. 205 The string-bass began to ‘walk’, or play melodic figures instead of pounding away at one or two notes.
1977 J. Wainwright Do Nothin' iii. 39 ‘Occupation?’ ‘Musician... String bass.’
1977 J. Wainwright Do Nothin' xi. 197 I turn to the string-bass man.
string-bean n. (a) U.S. the French or kidney bean; (b) U.S. colloquial, a tall thin person; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > kidney beans or kidney bean plants
French bean1542
kidney bean1548
fasels1562
frijoles1568
Welsh bean1585
longbean1587
cock stone1631
haricot1653
string-bean1759
snap-bean1770
bunch-bean1787
butter bean1820
bush-bean1821
snaps1845
navy bean1851
cannellini1862
flageolet1877
wax bean1905
pinto bean1913
wax-pod bean1921
borlotti1932
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > bean > kidney beans
kidney bean1548
fasels1562
frijoles1568
Welsh bean1585
longbean1587
haricot1653
string-bean1759
snapc1770
butter bean1820
snap-bean1870
flageolet1877
sieva1888
pinto bean1913
pinto1918
borlotti1932
soldier bean1968
the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [noun] > and thinness > person
lungis1572
gangrel1582
slangrel1592
maypole1600
slangam1611
mackerel-back1674
spider-catcher1699
gilly-gaupus?1719
tangle1778
beanpole1798
windlestraw1818
lankyc1863
narrowback1921
leptosome1931
string-bean1936
streak1941
1759 E. Holyoke Diary 11 July in G. F. Dow Holyoke Diaries (1911) 20 First Str [ing] Beans ys. year.
1789 J. May Jrnl. & Lett. (1873) 145 Squash and string-beans without butter.
1801 Spirit of Farmers' Museum 244 Her neck-beef sausage, and her tough string beans.
1842 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 10 Aug. in Amer. Notebks. (1972) vi. 329 It was a very pleasant moment when I gathered the first mess of string-beans.
1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas xi. 114 ‘Gee!’ he said. ‘Are you one of those English Oils?’ ‘I am. Or, rather, I was.’ ‘I always thought they were string-bean sort of guys without any chins.’
1975 R. H. Rimmer Premar Exper. (1976) i. 70 Ellen, I know you can't help it, but you remind me of a starving, stringbean kitten that wandered into our house when I was a kid.
1977 New Yorker 3 Oct. 80/2 ‘Did Germany need living space?’ Hellmann asked, translating the stringbean's German word.
string bed n. the Indian charpoy.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > parts of bed > [noun] > bedstead > light Indian
cot1634
guard-cot1818
charpoy1844
string bed1895
1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales 16 We were presently conducted to an empty hut, provided with broad string beds.
1911 H. Begbie Other Sheep i. 9 The priest..insisted upon my having a charpoy, or string-bed, for the night.
string bikini n. = sense 6c above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > set or suit of clothes > [noun] > for specific people > for women > bikini > types of
minikini1967
string1974
string bikini1974
tanga1975
1974 McCall's Nov. 10/1 Winter vacation time is coming and the string bikini is still with us—better, if not bigger, than ever.
1976 ‘E. McBain’ Guns (1977) vii. 194 The tall sleek blonde in the white string bikini.
string-binder n. a reaping-machine which ties the corn in sheaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > reaping tools > reaping-machine > types of
jowlc1420
header1852
heading machine1853
self-delivery1853
self-binder1859
self-deliverer1859
reaper-binder1880
string-binder1891
windrower1948
1891 Daily News 10 Oct. 3/1 It is not so long since the master was entirely at the mercy of his labourers in harvest time... The string-binder has altered all that.
1910 P. M'Connell Farm Equipm. 75 The modern string-binder was simply this machine plus a mechanical tier.
string-binding adj.
ΚΠ
1882 Essex Herald No. 4269/3 This is the second harvest in Australia in which string-binding reapers of American manufacture have been used.
string-block n. in a wooden-frame pianoforte, a block of wood holding the studs to which the fixed ends of the strings are looped.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > wrest block or pin
pinblock1704
wrest-pin1783
wrest block1787
wrest-plank1799
string-block1851
tuning-pin1877
hitch-pin1878
string-pin1889
1851 W. Pole in E. F. Rimbault Pianoforte (1860) 163 The strings were looped at one end upon studs driven into a solid block of wood, which we may call the string-block.
stringboard n. a board which supports the ends of the steps in a wooden staircase; also collective singular.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > stringers > specific
stringboard1703
string1711
wall-string1849
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 252 Stairs, with Rails, Ballasters, String-boards, Posts.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 604 The price of string-board is regulated by the foot superficial.
string bog n. Physical Geography a boggy area containing long, high banks of silty material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun]
marsheOE
fenc888
sladec893
moorOE
mossOE
marshlandlOE
lay-fena1225
lay-mirea1225
moor-fenc1275
flosha1300
strother?a1300
marish1327
carrc1330
waterlanda1382
gaseync1400
quaba1425
paludec1425
mersec1440
sumpa1450
palus?1473
wash1483
morass1489
oozea1500
bog?a1513
danka1522
fell1538
soga1552
Camarine1576
gog1583
swale1584
sink1594
haga1600
mere1609
flata1616
swamp1624
pocosin1634
frogland1651
slash1652
poldera1669
savannah1671
pond-land1686
red bog1686
swang1691
slack1719
flowa1740
wetland1743
purgatory1760
curragh1780
squall1784
marais1793
vlei1793
muskeg1806
bog-pit1820
prairie1820
fenhood1834
pakihi1851
terai1852
sponge1856
takyr1864
boglet1869
sinkhole1885
grimpen1902
sphagnum bog1911
blanket bog1939
string bog1959
1956 Contrib. Gray Herbarium Harvard Univ. CLXXVIII. 62 These bog ridges are the strings of the Strangmoor of European authors.]
1959 Geogr. Jrnl. 125 145 A particularly well defined form [of patterned ground feature] are the string bogs, or strängmoore, which occur particularly in eastern Canada.
1973 A. L. Washburn Periglacial Processes iv. 151 Although string bogs or closely similar features have also been observed far north of tree line and well within the zone of continuous permafrost.., most investigators agree they are not necessarily indicative of permafrost.
string correspondent n. = stringer n. 11.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > stringer
string man1943
stringer1952
string correspondent1960
1960 Spectator 24 June 920 Later he became a ‘string correspondent’ sending items to all the local papers, and he also sold jokes at a dollar apiece.
1969 B. Moore Workers in World News i. 6 To return to our Paris correspondent, as well as the news coming to him through the newspaper in whose office he worked, he would probably have his own ‘stringers’—or string correspondents—in the different provincial centres.
string cot n. = string bed n. (cf. cot n.4 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > types of bed > [noun] > other types of bed
childbed1568
plank bed1584
table bed1633
earth-bed1637
pigeon-hole bed1685
box-bed1693
barbecue1697
plaid bedc1710
bed of state1713
pallet1839
high post1842
rocker1854
wire bed1882
lit bateau1895
string cot1895
sleigh bed1902
orthopaedic bed1943
high-low bed1956
futon1959
bateau lit1983
1895 R. Kipling in Ladies' Home Jrnl. Dec. 6/1 Scott..laid himself down to rest on a string cot in a bare room.
1960 R. P. Jhabvala Householder ii. 83 A string-cot had been put up for her in the living-room.
string-course n. (see quot. 1910).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > moulding > string-course or -moulding
curstable1278
tablec1400
ledgement1435
wreath1677
cordon1706
tablette1723
belt1730
string1809
string-course1825
belt course1830
tablet1830
string-moulding1833
rope border1855
stringing course1861
racecourse1883
1825 T. D. Fosbroke Encycl. Antiq. I. vi. 123* String-courses are those from which buildings begin to narrow upwards.
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §451 A string course, or horizontal band.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 228 The sill always well sloped, to throw off the water, and having usually a string-course below, to prevent it from running down and discolouring the walls.
1910 C. H. Gregory Gloss. Build. Constr. 42 String course. A distinctive horizontal course, projecting or flush, carried round a building, usually at floor level, to roughly mark the division of a building into floors.
string drum n. a musical instrument, consisting of a rectangular box over which strings are stretched, and played by striking the strings with a stick.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > dulcimer > [noun]
dulcimer1509
pantaleon1757
hackbrett1807
kanoon1817
santoor1853
yang ch'in1876
cembalo1879
cimbalom1879
cymbalo1879
gigalira1889
string drum1940
1940 Amer. Speech 15 125 ‘Ionisation’, written for percussion instruments and piano, requires the use of bongos, sirens.., guïro, claves, maracas, tarole, and string-drum.
1976 D. Munrow Instruments Middle Ages & Renaissance v. 33/4 Various names have been used for the string drum... The thick gut strings are stretched over an oblong sound box and tuned to the key-note and fifth of the pipe so as to provide a drone accompaniment. All the strings are struck at the same time with a small stick held in the right hand.
string figure n. a figure made by passing a length of string round the fingers of both hands (cf. cat's-cradle n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > doll > other figures > [noun] > string figure
string figure1902
1902 Man 2 146 Many travellers have stated that various peoples, more or less primitive, amuse themselves by making string figures to which the general term of ‘cat's cradle’ is usually applied.
1963 K. Vonnegut Cat's Cradle v. 20 His fingers made the string figure called a ‘cat's cradle’.
string game n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > cat's cradle
cat's-cradle1768
scratch-cradle1822
string game1879
1879 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 9 26 Now as to the origin of the string games among these Malays (Dayaks) and Polynesians, it is evident that they did not learn them from Europeans.
1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 601/2 In particular it is found that the string game called ‘cat's cradle’ in various forms is of very wide diffusion, being found even in Australia.
string-galvanometer n. a galvanometer consisting of a fine conducting fibre, for measuring rapidly-fluctuating currents.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > [noun] > measurement of galvanic currents > apparatus for > type of
thermo-galvanometer1867
tangent galvanometer1873
ballistic galvanometer1875
tangent1905
string-galvanometer1909
tangent compass-
1909 Westm. Gaz. 13 May 5/2 The Einthoven string galvanometer,..by means of which the beating of the heart can be measured with the greatest accuracy.
string-gauge n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for determining or verifying dimensions > specific
size1763
limit gauge1841
plug gauge1850
scantle1850
string-gauge1876
snap gauge1918
burr-gauge-
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > accessories > [noun] > for checking strings
phonoscope1875
string-gauge1876
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 410/2 String-gauge, a small instrument for measuring the thickness of strings for violins, guitars, &c.
string glove n. a glove knitted or crocheted of coarse mercerized cotton yarn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for hands > [noun] > glove > types of > made of specific material
kid-skin glove1645
chicken glove1762
kid glove1832
Berlin1836
string glove1949
1949 ‘J. Tey’ Brat Farrar xxiv. 217 Did I put my string gloves in the locker?
1978 A. Morice Murder by Proxy iii. 32 His coat, cap and string gloves..were neatly arranged on a chair.
string-hough v. Obsolete (transitive) to hamstring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > hamstring
hoxen1387
hox1388
houghc1440
to tie with St. Mary's knot1544
hock1570
hough-sinew1577
string-hough1605
ham1618
enervate1638
hockle1671
hamstring1675
1605 A. Willet Hexapla in Genesin 447 Some read they string-haughed a bull.
string hound n. Obsolete ? a leash-hound.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > that retrieves deer
limerc1369
string hound1631
leash-hound1679
1631 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 350 The Master of the Bows and String Hounds.
string-jack n. a jumping-jack.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > doll > other figures > [noun] > movable by string or wire
puppet1538
marionettea1645
pantine1748
supplejack1776
supple Tam1825
string-jack1863
jumping-jack1883
monkey on a stick1926
1863 ‘Holme Lee’ Annis Warleigh II. 205 Sinclair..stood like a string-jack, his arms outstretched.
string-line n. (a) = chord n.1 4; (b) Billiards (U.S.), the baulkline.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > chord
cord1551
chord1570
string1594
subtention1610
subtense1614
ordinate1676
inscript1695
supplemental chord1760
string-line1897
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > table > lines
baulk-line1839
string1857
stringing-line1873
string-line1897
anchor baulkline1910
1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. If the line goe crosse the circle, and passe beside the centre, then is it called a corde, or a stryngline.]
1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 585 A ball whose centre is on the string line must be regarded as within the line.
string-maker n. one who makes string or strings; †also with reference to sense 16b.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of rope or cord > [noun]
ropera1387
string-maker14..
ropemakera1425
ropierc1440
cord-maker1579
line-maker1667
cord-winder1707
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 686/32 Hic cordex, a stryngmaker.
1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 20. 104 From whence it appears, that this Richard P——e was a great string-maker.
1833 T. Fardely tr. J. A. Otto Treat. Violin 60 The Neukirch string-makers.
string man n. = stringer n. 11 (see also sense Compounds 1a).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > stringer
string man1943
stringer1952
string correspondent1960
1943 C. Hollingworth German just behind Me ix. 150 By means of bribing his assistant I got a telephone call to my own ‘string man’ in Belgrade in order that my paper should know I was alive.
a1966 M. Allingham Cargo of Eagles (1968) viii. 98 I'm the string man in these parts... I..write for the Gazette at Nine Ash and keep a watching brief for the Globe in town. It's called stringing.
string-metal n. Obsolete ? metal for making wire strings for musical instruments.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > types of metal generally > [noun] > metals for other specific uses
organ metal1578
string-metala1626
blade-metal1645
bearing metal1850
reglet1877
a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 96 Statua Metal, and Bell Metal, and Trumpet Metal, and String Metal.
string-moulding n. a moulding carried horizontally along a wall.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > moulding > string-course or -moulding
curstable1278
tablec1400
ledgement1435
wreath1677
cordon1706
tablette1723
belt1730
string1809
string-course1825
belt course1830
tablet1830
string-moulding1833
rope border1855
stringing course1861
racecourse1883
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. Gloss. String mouldings.
1837 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 57/2 An elegant three-light Gothic window, having a neat label and string mouldings.
string organ n. (see quot. 1876).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > other types of organ
great organ1605
bird organ1745
serinette1772
euharmonic organ1811
physharmonica1838
harmoniphon1839
seraphine1839
pyrophone1873
string organ1876
orguinette1881
orchestrelle1897
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 410/2 String Organ, a new musical instrument, the sounds of which are produced by the association of a free reed and wire string.
string-pea n. U.S. a pea with edible pods.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pea > other types of pea or pea-plant
rouncival1570
garden pea1573
field pease1597
vale-grey1615
rose pea1629
hotspur1663
seven-year pea1672
rathe-ripe1677
huff-codc1680
pigeon pea1683
hog-pease1686
shrub pea1691
field pea1707
pea1707
crown pea1726
maple rouncival1731
marrowfat1731
moratto1731
pig pea1731
sickle-pea1731
hog pea1732
maple pea1732
marrow pea1733
black eye?1740
egg-pea1744
magotty bay bean1789
Prussian1804
maple grey1805
partridge pea1812
Prussian blue1822
scimitar1834
marrow1855
fill-basket1881
string-pea1891
mattar1908
vining pea1959
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > pea > other peas
garden pea1573
rathe-ripe1677
pigeon pea1683
sugar pea1707
marrowfat1731
moratto1731
maple pea1732
egg-pea1744
petits pois1820
pea1866
fill-basket1881
string-pea1891
vining pea1959
1891 Cent. Dict. at Pea The pods of the sugar-pea, skinless pea, or string-pea are eaten, as in the case of ‘string-beans’.
string-piece n. (a) a long piece of timber serving to connect and support a framework (e.g. a floor, bridge); a longitudinal railway-sleeper (U.S.); a heavy squared timber carried along the edge of a wharf-front; (b) (see quot. 1842).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > horizontal or transverse support
ledgec1330
string-piece1789
stringer1838
cleat1854
the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > [noun] > a horizontal object or part > in a framework
string-piece1789
stringer1838
society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > parts and fittings of rails
string-piece1789
carriage1816
chair1816
pedestal1816
surface plate1822
web1835
frog1837
switch-bar1837
snake-head1845
fish1847
fish-joint1849
plate nail1849
fishing-key1852
fish-plate1855
joint-chair1856
rail chair1864
railhead1868
lead1871
fish-bar1872
splice-piece1875
fish-plating1881
splice-jointa1884
splice-bar1894
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [noun] > types of
lacec1330
plancher1561
concameration1644
fasciaa1652
laqueary1656
cant-ceiling1688
laquear1706
string-piece1789
coved ceiling1796
concha1832
false ceiling1870
wagon-ceiling1875
suspended ceiling1933
1789 W. Jessop Rep. Navigation Thames & Isis 22 Flat Stones set edgeways [inside a Lock], with a String piece of Elm at the Foot.
1802 G. V. Sampson Statist. Surv. Londonderry 323 The piers [of the bridge]..are bound together by 13 string-pieces, equally divided, and transversely bolted; on the string-pieces is laid the flooring.
1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 261 String pieces, wooden rails upon which the iron bars of rail-roads are placed.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1038 String or String Piece, that part of a flight of stairs which forms its ceiling or sofite.
1898 Scribner's Mag. May 573 He just fell in off the stringpiece of the dock.
string-pin n. = hitch-pin n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > wrest block or pin
pinblock1704
wrest-pin1783
wrest block1787
wrest-plank1799
string-block1851
tuning-pin1877
hitch-pin1878
string-pin1889
1889 E. Brinsmead Hist. Pianoforte 181 The Brinsmead system of tuning requires no wood either to fasten the string-pins or support the iron frame.
string-plate n. the metal plate into which the hitch-pins are inserted.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > other parts, etc.
ogee front1815
sticker1822
fall1823
string-plate1827
piano leg1852
polychord1858
agraffe1860
mopstick1870
music rest1874
check-bara1877
hammer-action1885
escapement1896
set-off1896
set-off button1896
shift1896
shifting keyboard1896
1827 Broadwood Patent in Newton London Jrnl. (1830) 2nd Ser. IV. 132 A metallic plate..to be called the string plate, into which the hitch pins are set, for the ends of the strings to be fastened to.
string point n. (also string proof) in sugar manufacture, a degree of concentration at which the boiled sugar may be drawn out in the form of a thread.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > sugar manufacture > [noun] > stage in manufacture
bloom1825
feather1827
string point1909
1909 Jones & Scard Manuf. Cane Sugar vii. 198 The highly concentrated juice is boiled to ‘string’ or crystallising point... The admission and subsequent discharge of the juice are so regulated, that by the time the latter has reached the point of withdrawal, it has been concentrated to ‘string’ point.
1909 H. C. Prinsen-Geerligs Cane Sugar 214 The consistency of the liquid being such that a sample can be drawn out in the form of a thread, the liquid is said to be boiled to ‘string proof’.
1915 H. C. Prinsen-Geerligs Pract. White Sugar Manuf. 80 String-proof boiling should entirely be discarded.
string-pulling n. the act of exerting influence, esp. behind the scenes; cf. wire-pulling n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > influence > [noun] > action or fact of influencing > privately or behind the scenes
wire-pulling1835
wire-working1835
string-pulling1949
society > authority > power > influence > [adjective] > exercising influence > behind the scenes
wire-working1831
wire-pulling1844
string-pulling1949
1949 Ann. Reg. 1948 330 The same political manœuvres, corruption, and string-pulling by moneyed interests..were discernible.
1970 E. R. Johnson God Keepers (1971) xiv. 146 The choice between public-opinion pressure and Lucchese string-pulling pressure.
1982 W. Buchan John Buchan x. 192 At Londonderry House..many believed, important political strings were pulled. The importance of that string-pulling was probably exaggerated.
string-puller n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > influence > [noun] > one who or that which influences > influential person > behind the scenes
power behind the throne1783
wire-puller1824
grey eminence1831
wire-worker1835
éminence grise1838
string-puller1961
1961 Guardian 27 Sept. 10/4 International string-pullers still try to make the Congo dance to their tunes.
1977 D. Ramsay You can't call it Murder i. 51 Judith contrived, with the aid of a venerable string puller..to gain admittance.
string puppet n. a puppet actuated by means of strings, a marionette; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > puppetry > [noun] > puppet
poppin1440
mammet1461
puppet1538
poppet1551
motion1602
puppy1640
neurospast1642
marionettea1645
poupée1785
fantoccini1791
scaramouch1815
shadow figure1851
Judy puppet1897
shadow puppet1923
rod puppet1930
string puppet1937
1937 W. S. Lanchester (title) Hand puppets and string puppets.
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard iv. 126 The visit was nothing more than a test to see just how much the firm's man he was, to see how he would interpret the string-puppet role.
1980 S. Brett Dead Side of Mike iv. 39 Two Italian string-puppets in silver armour.
string slum n. U.S. a row of unsightly buildings along the side of a road (see quot. 19392).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > slum(s)
rookery1824
slum1825
slumdom1882
warren1884
slummery1892
slumland1893
barrack yard1903
tenement yard1914
borgata1929
string slum1939
squatter camp1956
favela1961
1939 Sun (Baltimore) 25 Mar. 8/2 A bill designed to halt the growth of string slums along the public highways by conservative zoning has been pending before the Judiciary Committee of the State Senate for weeks.
1939 Sun (Baltimore) 24 Oct. 12/1 The string slums walling in sections of the highways are composed of hot-dog stands, ramshackle overnight cabins, automobile graveyards, cheap dance halls, gaudy taverns and a host of other hideous business places.
1950 Sun (Baltimore) 28 Apr. 18/3 Once string slums come into being, they stay.
string tie n. originally U.S. a very narrow necktie worn as a bow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > neck-tie or cravat > neck-tie > types of > bow-tie > types of
white tie1849
black tie1851
butterfly tie1865
string tie1895
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 95/2 Men's folding string ties.
1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 22 July 12/6 (advt.) Red, white and blue string ties. Made of a nice quality silk crepe de Chine.
1942 J. D. Carr Seat of Scornful xi. 152 He welcomed them..wearing a shiny black alpaca suit and a string tie.
1976 L. Henderson Major Enq. xvi. 108 He was dressed in a dark blue suit..pale blue shirt and string tie.
string-tone n. Music the sound of bowed stringed instruments.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound of instruments > [noun] > sound of stringed instrument
twanga1556
twingle-twangle1634
fum-fum1656
trangdilloa1704
twing twang1761
twangdillo1762
twanging1831
tum-tum1859
string-tone1928
1928 J. P. Dunn Student's Guide to Orchestration xii. 54 String tone permeates every orchestral movement of any length.
1968 A. Niland Introd. Organ ii. 30 Undulating stops..are usually of string tone.
string-toned adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [adjective] > timbre or quality > tone like that of instrument
organ-toned1895
string-toned1938
1938 Oxf. Compan. Music 669/1 Geigen Principal.., a sort of slightly string-toned diapason of 8- or 4-foot length and pitch.
string-torments n. Obsolete a rendering of Latin fidiculæ (plural), an instrument of torture consisting of a number of thin cords.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > pole or rod
string-torments1609
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxix. ii. 353 Then were the rackes stretched.., the string-torments also and the whips put in readinesse.
string vest n. a man's vest or singlet made from an open-knit fabric (cf. sense 1p).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > vest or undershirt > other
demy?1499
waistcoat1606
singlet1763
day shift1765
jersey1837
merinoc1915
T-shirt1920
Jacky Howe1936
string vest1951
1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 96/1 Khaki trousers..String vests..Long cashmere pants.
1983 Listener 3 Feb. 19/3 You can always..don your string vest and boxer shorts and bang hell out of a rowing machine.
string underwear n.
ΚΠ
1967 D. Pinner Ritual vii. 70 He shoved his nylon socks and string underwear in the first drawer he found.
string-watch n. Obsolete ? a watch having a string fitted to the fusee and barrel instead of a chain (cf. 9a above).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > particular types of watch
German watch1611
larum watch1619
clock-watch1625
minute watch1660
pendulum watch1664
watch1666
alarm watch1669
finger watch1679
string-watch1686
scout1688
balance-watch1690
hour-watch1697
warming-pan1699
minute pendulum watch1705
jewel watch1711
suit1718
repeater1725
Tompion1727
pendulum spring1728
second-watch1755
Geneva watch1756
cylinder-watch1765
watch-paper1777
ring watch1788
verge watch1792
watch lamp1823
hack1827
bull's-eye1833
vertical watch1838
quarter-repeater1840
turnip1840
hunting-watch1843
minute repeater1843
hunter1851
job watch1851
Geneva1852
watch-lining1856
touch watch1860
musical watch1864
lever1865
neep1866
verge1871
independent seconds watch1875
stem-winder1875
demi-hunter1884
fob-watch1884
three-quarter plate1884
wrist-watch1897
turnip-watch1898
sedan-chair watch1904
Rolex1922
Tank watch1923
strap watch1926
chatelaine watch1936
sedan clock1950
quartz watch1969
pulsar1970
1686 London Gaz. No. 2120/8 An old String-Watch (in two Silver Cases).
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Categories »
stringwood n. a small tree of St. Helena, Acalypha rubra, now extinct, named from its pendent spikes of reddish sterile flowers ( Treasury Bot. 1866).

Draft additions 1993

Particle Physics. A hypothetical elementary object, postulated in some models to represent the real nature of what are observed to be subatomic particles, consisting of a rapidly spinning massless one-dimensional entity with dynamical properties analogous to those of a flexible elastic string.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > object in string theory
string1970
superstring1975
1970 Progress Theoret. Physics 43 1117/2 It is further suggested that this result may be interpreted by using the model of a continuous string.
1976 Sci. Amer. Nov. 57/1 Another model of quark confinement, called the string model... In..[it] hadrons are regarded as flexible, extensible strings in rapid rotation. The string is massless..although it does have potential and kinetic energy.
1980 Physics Lett. B. 96 333/1 There are various indications that QCD is related to the string theory. The string is expected to arise at large distances as a result of condensation of electric flux between quarks.
1985 New Scientist 29 Aug. 35/1 A meson was thought of as a string with a quark attached to one end and an antiquark to the other.
1986 Nature 24 Apr. 678/1 Strings are..extended objects along a single space-like direction; they may vibrate and rotate; and their quantum ‘normal modes’ describe particles with different masses and spins.

Draft additions 1993

Astronomy. In full cosmic string. A hypothetical thread-like concentration of energy with submicroscopic width, which forms loops or has infinite length and is a defect in the structure of space-time, created during the phase transitions of the early universe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > space > [noun] > space-time > defect in structure of
string1976
1976 Jrnl. Physics A 9 1387 The formation of domain walls, strings or monopoles depends on the homotopy groups of the manifold of degenerate vacua.
1976 Jrnl. Physics A 9 1396 The existence of such a network of cosmic strings may have had profound effects on the earlier history of the universe.
1980 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 192 664 The most difficult question concerns the local effects of these exotic strings on the microwave background.
1984 Nature 2 Aug. 391/2 Cosmic strings are configurations of the matter fields which owe their stability to the topology of the space of degenerate vacua produced in a phase transition in the early Universe.
1988 New Scientist 29 Sept. 44/1 Some theorists have suggested that the cosmic strings may be superconducting.
1989 P. D. B. Collins et al. Particle Physics & Cosmol. xvii. 430 Monopoles are pointlike topological defects arising from the spontaneous breakdown of a symmetry, but it is also possible for there to be one-dimensional defects, or strings.

Draft additions 1993

string theory n. Physics a theory which postulates that subatomic particles are not points but one-dimensional ‘strings’ (see sense Compounds 1 above).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > theory or law of
anomœomery1678
atomic theory1755
Dulong and Petit's law1863
Rutherford's formula1906
whole number rule1920
Bohr('s) theory1923
string theory1975
superstring theory1975
1974 Physics Rep. 12 61 The theory of the string provides us with a physical interpretation of the dual models.]
1975 Rev. Mod. Physics 47 142/2 Closed strings play an important role even in the open string theory.
1986 Nature 16 Oct. 596/1 String theories have been around for about 15 years, and were originally conceived as theories of strongly interacting particles.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stringv.

Brit. /strɪŋ/, U.S. /strɪŋ/
Forms: Past tense and past participle strung. Forms: 1500s stringe, strynge, 1500s– string. past tense 1600s stringed, 1800s dialect strang, 1600s– strung. past participle 1500s strong, 1600s strunge, 1500s– strung; Middle English y-strenged, 1500s strynged, 1600s–1800s stringed.
Etymology: < string n. Except for an instance of ystrenged (c1400 at sense 1a), the verb first appears in the 16th cent. The ‘strong’ conjugation in imitation of sing (compare ring) has prevailed from 1590 onwards, though a few examples of the weak form stringed occur in the 16–19th cent.
1. transitive.
a. To fit (a bow) with its string; to ‘bend’ or prepare for use by slipping the loop of the bowstring into its notch, so that the string is drawn tight.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > produce or develop arms [verb (transitive)] > string a bow
linea1398
stringc1400
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 6537 With bowys gode wel y-strenged.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 4 In stringynge your bowe, you must loke for much bende or lytle bende.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 518 Then, as the winged Weapon whiz'd along; See now, said he, whose Arm is better strung.
1788 J. Hurdis Village Curate (1797) 96 He tipt his arrow, strung his bow, and shot.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 43/1 [article Archery] The next thing is to ‘string’ or ‘bend’ the bow.
b. To fit or furnish (a musical instrument) with a string or strings; to fix strings in. Also poetic, to tighten the strings of (an instrument) to the required pitch; to tune.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > making or fitting instruments > accessories [verb (transitive)] > fit strings
string1530
key1872
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings
wresta1000
straina1387
string1530
to set down1565
wrench1577
to wind up1608
wind1612
to screw up1625
to set up1643
screw1657
1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. xv. sig. d3v As the harper can not make nor shewe no melodye wyth his harpe, excepte yt be strynged and in tewne.
1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. Hv Playing on yuorie harp with siluer strong.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. ii. 77 Orpheus Lute, was strung with Poets sinewes. View more context for this quotation
1676 T. Mace Musick's Monument 42 I would..that the Scholar be taught to String his Instrument, with Good and True Strings.
1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xv. 68 Do you know whether my fiddle's in tune or no?.. 'Tis wickedly strung.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xiii. 9 He seiz'd his harp, which he at times could string.
1827 Brit. Patent 5475 (1857) 1 Improvements in pianofortes and in the mode of stringing the same.
c. To fit (the bow of a violin, etc.) with horsehairs stretched from end to end.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > making or fitting instruments > accessories [verb (transitive)] > fit strings > string or hair bow
string1663
hair1898
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 81 His grizly Beard was long and thick, With which he strung his Fiddle-stick.
d. To fit (a racket) with strings and cross-strings of cord or catgut.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > play tennis [verb (transitive)] > fit racket with strings
string1884
1884 Tennis Cuts 69 All these results have been caused by the change in the stringing of rackets [etc.].
e. To fit (a thing) with the necessary strings or ties to keep it firm or in place.
ΚΠ
1805 Edinb. Bk. Prices 61 Stringing or banding.]
1931 Henley's ABC Gliding & Sailflying 232 Having sewn up all the edges neatly, the next operation is ‘stringing’ the wing to keep the fabric tight to the ribs.
2. To furnish (the body) with nerves or sinews; spec. to furnish (the tongue) with its frænum. Chiefly used as in 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [verb (transitive)]
string1632
1632 Lyly's Endimion (new ed.) iii. iii, in Sixe Court Comedies sig. D2 When his tongue Once goes, A Cat is not worse strung.
1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse Ep. Ded. Though Art neuer strung her tongue; yet once it yeelded a delightfull sound.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Of Pythagorean Philos. in Fables 516 In time he vaunts among his Youthful Peers, Strong-bon'd, and strung with Nerves, in pride of Years.
1716 J. Gay Trivia iii. 69 Has not wise Nature strung the Legs and Feet With firmest Nerves, design'd to walk the Street?
figurative.1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. e2 Their Language is not strung with Sinews like our English.1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxii. 119 He lacked the tenacity of fibre which strung the old Roman and Sabine fabric.
3. figurative.
a. (often with direct allusion to 1). To make tense, brace, give vigour or tone to (the nerves, sinews, the mind, its ideas or impressions, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > make vigorous or energetic
string1599
invigorate1646
energate1647
to light up1712
alacrify1864
energize1876
power1898
pep1912
to zip up1927
volt1930
adrenalize1935
1599 T. Storer Life & Death Wolsey sig. I1v The peoples hearts of late are strung so hard, That they will breake before one note shall sound, Or so vntunable, that still they iar'de.
1700 J. Dryden To my Kinsman J. Driden in Fables 97 Toil strung the Nerves, and purifi'd the Blood.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 568 He fights, subdues: for Pallas strings his arms.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xiv. 329 The thought..strung his nerves with vigour, which defied fatigue.
1848–9 E. Bulwer-Lytton King Arthur iii. xiv Strung by that sleep, the savage scowl'd around.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 1st Ser. viii. 229 The besiegers' hearts were strung by every motive which could lead men to defend themselves to the last.
1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. v. 92 A turn of her fingers would string or slacken him.
b. with up.
ΚΠ
1845 J. Coulter Adventures Pacific xvi. 247 The muscles of every one were strung up for the moment.
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xxii When a man's cold and tired, and hungry,..a good caulker of grog..strings him up and puts him straight.
1898 Dublin Rev. Jan. 163 Perhaps this is an attempt to string up the human ideal too highly for everyday practice.
c. To brace to, rarely for (action) or to (do something). Also, to attune to (a frame of mind). Also (Australian and New Zealand slang), to egg on.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person > a person or his attributes for an effort
before-girda1382
gird1592
muster1598
to wind up1602
to gather up1617
stringa1771
screw1821
clench1842
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite
tar ona900
wheta1000
eggc1200
spura1225
aprick1297
ertc1325
sharpa1340
abaita1470
sharpen1483
to set (a person) forth1488
to set forth1553
egg1566
hound1571
shove?1571
edge1575
strain1581
spur1582
spurn1583
hag1587
edge1600
hist1604
switch1648
string1881
haik1892
goose1934
a1771 T. Gray Ess. I in W. Mason Mem. Life & Writings (1775) 198 Need we the influence of the Northern star To string our nerves and steel our hearts to war?
1881 A. Bathgate Waitaruna 142 A barmaid in one of its hotels..is popularly known as ‘Goodall's stringer’... She makes herself agreeable to those who frequent the house, and so she ‘strings them on’ and induces them to spend their money there.
1888 G. Meredith Reading of Earth 10 Where Life is at her grindstone set, That she may give us edgeing keen, String us for battle, till [etc.].
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms III. vi. 81 Mr. Hamilton waited for about an hour so as to be sure they weren't stringing him on to go into the open to be potted at.
d. With qualifying adverb (chiefly passive): To bring to a (specified) condition of tension or sensitiveness. Cf. overstrung adj. 1, high-strung adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > tension > put into a state of tension [verb (transitive)]
to wind up1602
winda1635
strain1667
string1860
tensify1869
wire1974
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > sensitiveness or tenderness > make (more) sensitive or tender [verb (transitive)] > bring to specific condition of sensitiveness
string1860
1860 C. Clive Why Paul Ferroll vi. 135 Elinor, finely strung to sounds.
1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers I. vii. 132 But Sylvia was too highly strung for banter.
1866 R. M. Ballantyne Shifting Winds ii. 11 A.. British tar..whose nerves were tightly strung and used to danger.
4. ? To furnish or adorn (a garment) with strings or ties. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > other
fur13..
buttonc1380
lashc1440
pointa1470
set1530
tuft1535
vent1547
ruff1548
spangle1548
string1548
superbody1552
to pull out1553
quilt1555
flute1578
seam1590
seed1604
overtrim1622
ruffle1625
tag1627
furbelow1701
tuck1709
flounce1711
pipe1841
skirt1848
ruche1855
pouch1897
panel1901
stag1902
create1908
pin-fit1926
ease1932
pre-board1940
post-board1963
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. viijv Garmentes of Crymosyn Satyn embroudered..with cloth of gold, cut in Pomegranettes and yokes, strynged after the facion of Spaygne.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Stringolare, to point, to lace, or to string.
5.
a. To bind, tie, fasten, or secure with a string or strings; †spec. to fasten (a book) with ribbons or cords (obsolete); to tether (an animal).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > fasten [verb (transitive)] > with rope, cord, or line
linea1398
ropea1400
cord1610
string1613
kinch1808
1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois ii. sig. D3 As the foolish Poet that still writ All his most selfe-lou'd verse in paper royall, Or Partchment..Bound richly vp, and strung with Crimson strings.
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 19 Set the grave councels up upon their shelvs again, and string them hard.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) v. 150 If..we..had been attended, follow'd, watch'd, and noos'd, Each in his several melancholy walk String'd like a poor man's Heifer, at its feed.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. iv. iii. 171 Bob took up the small stringed packet of books.
b. To bind (the handle of a cricket-bat) with twine wound tightly round.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > equipment > [verb (transitive)] > bind twine round handle of bat
string1887
1887 St. James's Gaz. 16 Feb. 5/1 Makers only string the bat for the purpose of concealing defects and selling the article at a higher price.
6.
a. To thread or file (beads and the like) on or as on a string. Also figurative. Also with together, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > arrange in (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (transitive)] > string together
enfile1393
file1581
string1612
thread1633
bead1883
1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 20 in First Anniuersarie As these stars were but so many beades Strunge on one string.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 476. ¶2 Men of great Learning..often..chuse to throw down their Pearls in Heaps before the Reader, rather than be at the Pains of stringing them.
1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) III. 177 The roots are afterwards strung upon little strings to dry them.
1832 L. M. Child Girl's Own Bk. (ed. 4) 68 The hard red seed-vessels of the rose, strung upon strong thread, make quite a pretty necklace.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. vi. 65 James was very busy stringing the fish through the gills upon a piece of osier.
1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. I. 46 There wasn't a gal..could pull an even yoke with her a stringing onions.
1874 H. H. Cole Catal. Objects Indian Art S. Kensington Mus. App. 297 Necklace.., formed of gold pear-shaped drops strung together.
1901 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 1 Oct. 604 They contain much of the basophile substance in the form of fine granules, often strung along in rows.
b. To hang or suspend by a connecting string.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or suspend [verb (transitive)] > by a string
string1890
1890 A. C. Gunter Miss Nobody (1891) xxiii. 268 These [lights] are strung down the avenue and placed here and there through the gardens.
1907 J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo ii. 27 A rope by which two empty oil tins were strung across the donkey's neck.
c. figurative. To compose, put together in connected speech. Sometimes with direct allusion to the literal sense (6). Also with together, up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > put or string words together
put?c1335
string1605
1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. Aiii And well pickt out knight Marshall, Speech well strung.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote xliii. 281 Threescore thousand Satans take thee and thy Prouerbs, this howre thou hast beene stringing them one vpon another.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 103 Stringing blethers up in rhyme For fools to sing.
1830 H. Lee Mem. Manager I. iii. 81 Anecdotes and reminiscences which I am about to string together.
1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 223 On this thread of incident are strung the author's views of social life.
1884 Manch. Examiner 1 Nov. 5/1 It is easy to indulge in general assertions and to string platitudes together.
d. to string up: to post up the name of (a person) in a list.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] > enter in list > enter name or person in list
billa1464
to write upa1500
inscribe1607
to string up1854
1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) xiv. 98 You can't do better nor follow the example o' the Leamington lads who string up all the tradespeople with the amount of their [hunt-] subscriptions in the shops and public places.
7.
a. To hang, kill by hanging. Usually with up.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > hang [verb (transitive)]
hangc1000
anhangOE
forhangc1300
to loll up1377
gallowa1400
twitchc1450
titc1480
truss1536
beswinga1566
trine1567
to turn over1570
to turn off1581
to turn (a person) on the toe1594
to stretch1595
derrick1600
underhang1603
halter1616
staba1661
noose1664
alexander1666
nub1673
ketch1681
tuck1699
gibbet1726
string1728
scrag1756
to hang up1771
crap1773
patibulate1811
strap1815
swing1816
croak1823
yardarm1829
to work off1841
suspercollatea1863
dangle1887
1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera iii. xiii. 55 And if rich Men like us were to swing, 'Twou'd thin the Land, such Numbers to string Upon Tyburn Tree.
1786 R. Burns Poems 36 Tho' by the neck she should be strung, She'll no desert.
1818 C. Lamb On Inconveniences of being Hanged in Wks. II. 180 We string up dogs, foxes, bats, moles, weasels. Man surely deserves a steadier death.
1893 J. H. McCarthy Red Diamonds I. 71 They strung him up after a fair trial before Judge Lynch.
figurative.1747 Fool (1748) II. 195 From this..you may readily conclude the Reason why you are stringed up here, as a signal Instance of Folly.
b. intransitive. To be hanged. Also with up. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > be hanged [verb (intransitive)]
rideeOE
hangc1000
anhangc1300
wagc1430
totter?1515
to wave in the windc1515
swing1542
trine1567
to look through ——?1570
to preach at Tyburn cross1576
stretch?1576
to stretch a rope1592
truss1592
to look through a hempen window?a1600
gibbet1600
to have the lift1604
to salute Tyburn1640
to dance the Tyburn jig1664
dangle1678
to cut a caper on nothing1708
string1714
twist1725
to wallop in a tow (also tether)1786
to streek in a halter1796
to straight a ropea1800
strap1815
to dance upon nothing1837
to streek a tow1895
1714 G. Lockhart Mem. Affairs Scotl. Pref. p. ix My Accusations..are so well founded, that was there, (as we say in Scotland) a right sitting Sheriff, I would not doubt to see some Gentlemen string.
1715 A. Pennecuik Curious Coll. Scotish Poems in Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale App. 139 You must, or you must string.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. iii. 63 You have confessed yourself a spy, and should string up to the next tree.
1896 ‘G. Setoun’ Robert Urquhart xxvi. 280 I would ha'e strung for it willin'.
8.
a. transitive. To deprive (a thing) of its string or strings; to strip the ‘string’ from (a bean-pod); to remove the runners from (a strawberry-bed); to strip (currants) from the stalk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > cultivate fruit [verb (transitive)] > other techniques
caprifyc1420
cross-hack1608
string1664
ring1881
thread1907
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > remove stalks or foliage
string1747
stem1873
hull1884
strig1887
stalk1902
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 62 in Sylva Dress up..and string your Strawberry-beds.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery i. 11 To dress French Beans. First string them, then cut them in two.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield (at cited word) To string currants is to unstring them, i.e. to strip the berries off their stalks.
b. spec. To remove the string from (a lamprey): see string n. 2b. In quots. as a ‘proper’ term for carving the fish. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of seafood > prepare seafood [verb (transitive)] > take string from lamprey
string1508
1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. Av Strynge that lampraye.
1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 415/1 A Salmon, chine it; a Lamprey, string it; a Pike, splat it.
c. To pull off (bark) from a tree by champing it into strings or fibres.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer > strip of skin, husk, or bark > strip (bark)
string1733
1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 124 The Deer greedily eat [the bark of the witch elm], and have so great a love for it, that they will string it with their Mouths to the last bit.
9. To furnish, equip, or adorn with something suspended or slung.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or suspend [verb (transitive)] > furnish with something hanging
hang1451
tag1705
string1845
1845 J. Coulter Adventures Pacific iii. 24 We..shot a number of rabbits, and strung our rigging with geese.
1874 H. H. Cole Catal. Objects Indian Art S. Kensington Mus. 187 Brass and silver wires strung with green..beads.
1906 Macmillan's Mag. Sept. 844 A surly loon strung with a telescope.
10.
a. To draw up in a line or row; to extend in a string or series; to post so as to form a series of detached or separated units. Also with out, up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > arrange in (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (transitive)]
rangec1450
rank1590
enrank1610
stringc1650
align1693
row1703
tier1889
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > space out
dispersea1535
stringc1650
space1712
to set out1812
to set off1850
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 210 Thay stringit wp thair horss company on the vther syde of the water of Die.
1875 W. T. Sherman Mem. I. vi. 163 Ships were strung for miles along the lower levee [of New Orleans].
1901 Conan Doyle in Wide World Mag. VIII. 111/1 Ten thousand men, strung over a large extent of country.
1908 S. E. White Riverman xxvi The rowboats were dragged backward,..and strung out along the bank below.
b. spec. to place (pipes) end to end along the line of a trench, in preparation for welding them together.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > drill for oil or gas [verb (transitive)] > supply with pipe-lines > place (pipes) end to end
string1949
1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) v. 163 The pipes are strung out along the line of the trench and placed into position alongside or over it on temporary supports, and the lengths are then connected by electric welding.
1957 Oil & Gas Reporter VI. 1141 The service of ‘stringing pipe’ for oil and gas pipe lines does not, within and of itself, constitute a transportation of property.
1966 Petroleum Handbk. (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) (ed. 5) 266/2 The construction phases consist of: clearing and grading the right of way, hauling and ‘stringing’ the pipe, [etc.].
1968 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 29 Sept. 12/2 The first pipes will be ‘strung out’ this week.
11.
a. To extend or stretch (something flexible of rigid) from one point to another. Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > stretch out > across a space
stretchc1430
string1838
1838 W. M. Thackeray Yellowplush Corr. (1865) 4 While you were looking up to prevent hanging yourself with the ropes which were strung across and about.
1885 H. C. McCook Tenants Old Farm 203 Young spiders often manage to string out structures that oddly resemble a bridge in miniature.
1908 S. E. White Riverman xxvi Old Heinzman..is stringing booms across the river—obstructing navigation.
1911 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. String v.t. 6. To extend or stretch like a string; as, to string the cables of a suspension bridge.
b. figurative. To stretch (something) out in order to make it last.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong
lengOE
drawOE
teec1200
forlengtha1300
lengtha1300
drivec1300
tarryc1320
proloynec1350
continuec1380
to draw alonga1382
longa1382
dretch1393
conservea1398
to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400
prorogue1419
prolongc1425
aroomc1440
prorogate?a1475
protend?a1475
dilate1489
forlong1496
relong1523
to draw out1542
sustentate1542
linger1543
defer1546
pertract1548
propagate1548
protract1548
linger1550
lengthen1555
train1556
detract?a1562
to make forth (long, longer)1565
stretch1568
extend1574
extenuate1583
dree1584
wire-draw1598
to spin out1603
trail1604
disabridge1605
produce1605
continuate1611
out-length1617
spin1629
to eke out1641
producta1670
prolongate1671
drawl1694
drag1697
perennate1698
string1867
perennialize1898
1867 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old (1875) 73 What is the use of stringing out your lives to a lean and withered old age?
1894 ‘M. Twain’ in N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 447 It [sc. the story] is not strung out as I have strung it out, but it is all there.
1977 P. Hill Fanatics 125 They're just stringing it out, putting off the evil hour.
12. intransitive.
a. To move or progress in a string or disconnected line; spec. in Hunting, of the hounds. Also with adv., as out, away, off, in.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > move in a line
stringa1824
tail1859
trail1863
queue1893
a1824 Old Song in J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. (1824) 257 String awa my crommies, to the milking loan.
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xx. 357 As we strung along the narrow path in single file.
1875 G. J. Whyte-Melville Katerfelto (1876) xxiv. 264 Twenty couple of powerful stag-hounds—stringing somewhat, it may be, as they passed in and out the gnarled substantial stems.
1888 ‘W. Châteauclair’ Young Seigneur 4 The pedestrians are already stringing off along the road.
1905 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 86/2 Watch staghounds when they are laid on. However good the scent, they string out.
b. Of gunshot: To travel with varying velocity, so that the pellets of one charge arrive at different times at a given point.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > discharge firearms [verb (intransitive)] > actions of bullet or shot
ricochet1804
club1830
cluster1830
strip1854
upset1859
slug1875
keyhole1878
group1882
string1892
mushroom1893
splash1894
to set up1896
phut1901
pattern1904
print1961
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 267 Having ascertained by actual experiment that at forty yards his shot was stringing from twenty to thirty feet.
c. To hang like a string, be stretched in a string or loose line, from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or be suspended [verb (intransitive)]
hangc1000
resta1350
loll?c1418
uphangc1440
suspend1598
swing1641
swingle1755
string1885
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > form (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (intransitive)] > stretch in a line
string1885
1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham xi. 206 Her eldest daughter..lounged into the parlour..with her wrap stringing from her arm.
1898 G. S. Robertson Chitral xvi. 181 The British officers..blundered slowly through the torrent with a straggling line of Sepoys stringing from the ponies' tails.
d. To extend or continue. Const. along, out. to string along with: to accompany, to agree with, to support or go along with (usually without undue enthusiasm). Occasionally without const. colloquial (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > continue doing or keep going in a course of action [verb (intransitive)]
to hold a wayOE
to hold forthc1200
to hold ona1225
reignc1300
lasta1325
continuea1340
to continue doing or to doc1384
pursuea1425
perseverec1425
to hold one's wayc1480
prosecute1528
to go on1533
to run on1533
keep1548
to follow on1560
insist1586
to keep on1589
to carry on1832
to carry on1857
string1869
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > continue [verb (transitive)]
continuea1340
string1869
the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > agree with [verb (transitive)] > without undue enthusiasm
to string along with1927
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 21 So much of the 400 or 500 pages still left are reprint, and so will string out a heap.
1877 ‘M. Twain’ in Atlantic Monthly Nov. 591/1 Isaac knelt down and began to pray: he strung along, and strung along..till everybody had got tired.
1896 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Aug. 351/2 Well, the time strung along and along, and that fellow never come!
1927 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 67/2 To this day the B. F. Keith chain call the small-time ‘The Family Time’ but the players still string along with the theatrical paper [sc. Variety].
1937 J. Steinbeck Of Mice & Men 59 Funny how you an' him string along together.
1946 Sun (Baltimore) 31 May 15/1 The majority of the bettors decided to string along with Blind Path, a well bred youngster making his seasonal debut.
1950 ‘S. Ransome’ Deadly Miss Ashley ix. 103 String along, won't you? Don't let me down.
1955 M. Allingham Beckoning Lady iii. 39 She had been..much younger than the crowd which had grown up with Minnie, but she had strung along with them.
1960 P. G. Wodehouse Jeeves in Offing vii. 75 I string along with that school of thought.
1972 L. P. Davies What did I do Tomorrow? ix. 114 I wasn't going to be taken in. I'll string along, I thought.
1978 A. Gilchrist Cod Wars xi. 109 If at some particular moment, they were stringing along with those other departments and accepting..a continued tough line of policy, then my warning telegrams might seem tactless, tiresome, inept.
e. to string out: to be under the influence of a drug. Cf. strung adj. 4c. U.S. slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > effects of drugs > be under influence of drugs [verb (intransitive)]
to have a heat on1912
buzz1927
to be on1938
to string out1967
tweak1981
1967 H. Wentworth & S. B. Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang (new ed.) Suppl. 706/1 String out, to use or be addicted to narcotics; to be ‘high’ on a drug.
1970 Sunday Tel. 20 Dec. 6/6 How long did you string out?
13. Of a viscous or glutinous substance: To form into strings, become stringy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > become viscous or thicken [verb (intransitive)] > form thread-like parts
ropec1450
string1839
thong1847
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1267 Let it [material for varnish] boil until it will string very strong.
1850 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. III. 1385 Let it boil until it strings freely between the fingers.
14. Billiards.
a. transitive. See quot. 1680 and king n. 11c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [verb (transitive)] > play (the ball) in specific way
hazard1674
string1680
miss1746
pocket1756
hole1803
spot1844
nurse1850
draw1860
pot1860
hold1869
dribble1873
fluke1881
scratch1909
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 23 If the Follower intend to hit his Adversaries Ball, or pass at one stroke he must string his Ball, that is, lay it even with the King.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 262/2.
b. intransitive. See quot. 1896.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [verb (intransitive)] > actions or types of play
carambole1775
string1814
cannon1825
to make a baulk1839
star1839
push1851
to play for safety1857
run1857
carom1860
to knock the balls about1864
miscue1889
snooker1889
break1893
break1893
scratch1909
to call one's shot1953
1788 J. Beaufort Hoyle's Games Impr. 195 Stringing-nail is that part of the table from whence the player strikes his ball at first setting off, and is generally marked with two brass nails.]
1814 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved (new ed.) 373 Rules...1. String for the lead and choice of balls.
1839 E. Kentfield Game of Billiards 29 In commencing the game, string for the lead.
1896 W. Broadfoot in W. Broadfoot et al. Billiards (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iii. 106 To string is to play from baulk to the top cushion so as to leave player's ball near the baulk-line or bottom cushion as may be selected. Before a match the players string simultaneously for choice of balls, and for the option of commencing the game.
15.
a. transitive. To fool, deceive, humbug. slang (now chiefly U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > trick, hoax [verb (transitive)]
jape1362
bejape1377
play1562
jugglea1592
dally1595
trick1595
bore1602
jadea1616
to fool off1631
top1663
whiska1669
hocus1675
to put a sham upon1677
sham1677
fun?1685
to put upon ——1687
rig1732
humbug1750
hum1751
to run a rig1764
hocus-pocus1774
cram1794
hoax1796
kid1811
string1819
to play off1821
skylark1823
frisk1825
stuff1844
lark1848
kiddy1851
soap1857
to play it (on)1864
spoof1889
to slip (something) over (on)1912
cod1941
to pull a person's chain1975
game1996
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Mem. (1964) 251 To banter or jest with a man by amusing him with false assurances or professions, is also termed stringing him, or getting him in tow.
1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 133/1 String, to, to impose on a person's belief by some joke or lie.
1898 A. M. Binstead Pink 'Un & Pelican v. 115 She strung him for fifty bob on an old tea-chest an' a jar o' pickled inyuns!
1901 Munsey's Mag. 24 858/2 ‘Some one has been stringin' those reporters!’ thought Dan.
1910 W. Churchill Mod. Chron. i. ix. 114 I watched you last night when you were stringing the Vicomte.
1931 P. MacDonald Crime Conductor i. i. 3 ‘It isn't!’ said the Assistant Editor incredulously. ‘You're stringing me!’
1959 ‘J. R. Macdonald’ Galton Case xviii. 147 They were stringing you. They just don't want a woman in the way.
1982 H. Engel Ransom Game i. 5 I guess I don't have any reason to believe they'd string me.
b. to string (someone) along: to fool or deceive (someone); spec. to encourage (someone) to remain in a state of misplaced confidence. Cf. sense 3c. colloquial (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > befool, dupe [phrase]
to put an ape in a person's hoodc1330
to glaze one's houvec1369
to cough (a person) a daw, fool, momea1529
to make a fool of1534
to give (any one) the bobc1540
to lead (a person) a dancea1545
to make (someone) an ass1548
to make (a person) an ox1566
to play bob-fool witha1592
to sell any one a bargain1598
to put the fool on1649
to make a monkey (out) of1767
to play (a person) for a sucker (also fool, etc.)1869
to string (someone) along1902
to swing it on or across1923
1902 G. H. Lorimer Lett. Merchant xviii. 270 Clytie had been stringing the old lady along, intending to produce Bud's spook as a sort of..climax.
1924 P. Marks Plastic Age xviii. 206 I'm afraid that he's just stringing me along, trying to encourage me.
1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise ix. 158 He told me to string him along. And afterwards, quite suddenly, he told me to give him the push.
1943 K. Tennant Ride on Stranger viii. 84 ‘If he was taking you to lunch..you might work us in somewhere.’ ‘String him along, kid,’ Douglas encouraged... ‘We're with you.’
1959 H. Hobson Mission House Murder xviii. 123 How do I know you're not stringing me along, just to get Sharon to go back?
1962 A. Lurie Love & Friendship xi. 208 Why not string Dr. Flory along?
1978 H. C. Rae Sullivan i. iii. 39 I don't appreciate being strung along by a contract employee.
16. intransitive. To work as a stringer (sense 11).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > [verb (intransitive)] > work locally or part-time
string1960
1960 G. Edinger Twain shall Meet xv. 187 European journalists, stringing for papers in America or Britain.
1966 E. West Night is Time for Listening ii. 49 ‘It's not an assignment,’ Darsoss said. ‘I've been stringing.’
1972 Maclean's June 82/1 Fred Cleverly is a CBC news reporter in Winnipeg. He also strings for the Toronto Star.
1977 I. Shaw Beggarman, Thief iii. ii. 202 An old newspaperman in Elysium, Ohio, who occasionally strings for us when there's anything of interest happening in that part of the world.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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