attenuateadj.

/əˈtɛnjuːət/

Etymology: < Latin attenuātus, past participle of attenuāre : see attenuant adj.

Made thin.

1. Slender, thin; tapered, reduced to thinness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [adjective]

subtlea1382

subtilea1393

subtilec1392

smiltc1400

fine?a1425

thina1425

exile?1440

slender1444

tenuious1495

jimp?a1513

lenye1513

fine-spuna1555

nice1567

spindled1584

gracile1590

snever1640

tenuous1656

slim1657

gracilious1688

gracilent1727

twittery1819

flitterya1834

attenuate1848

spiry1849

low-profile1906

matchlike1906

slimline1949

1848 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Zoophytes (new ed.) 161 Tentacles numerous, attenuate, diaphanous.

1864 Mrs. H. Wood Shadow of Ashlydyat (1878) 433 She saw the white and wan face, the attenuate hands.

1880 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 398 Attenuate, slenderly tapering or narrow.

2. Thin in consistency, rarefied; refined.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > lack of density > [adjective] > rarefied

subtiliate?a1425

rarefied1523

subtiliated1603

attenuated?1624

attenuate1626

subtilized1628

extenuated1661

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §938 Such a rare and attenuate substance, as is the spirit of living creatures.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems iii. Pref./1 The life of the body..hinders us of the sight of more attenuate phantasmes.

1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. xiv. 255 The idea is too exquisitely attenuate.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

attenuatev.

/əˈtɛnjuːeɪt/

Etymology: < Latin attenuāt- participial stem of attenuāre, < at- = ad- to + tenuāre to make thin, < tenuis thin. Compare French atténuer, 12th cent.

1. To make thin or slender in girth or diameter (e.g. by natural or artificial shaping, drawing out, wearing down, starving, physical decay).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > make slender [verb (transitive)]

attenuate1530

slender1559

tenuate1656

fine-draw1701

slim1862

slenderize1946

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > thinness > make thin(ner) [verb (transitive)]

thinc900

extenuate1599

attenuate1794

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 440/1 I attenuate, I make thynne, Jattenue.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. x. 149 They crucifie the soule of man, attenuate our bodies.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 The Ureters in their progress are not attenuated within, as other Vessels are.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 47 This shell also being attenuated..the surface of the earth will tumble in.

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art I. 334 The wasted unclad form is seen attenuated by vigils.

1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. II. iii. 60 To attenuate them by gently drawing them out.

a. To make thin in consistency, to separate the particles of a substance, to diminish density, rarefy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > lack of density > make less dense [verb (transitive)]

thinc1000

laska1375

rarefya1398

subtilea1425

subtiliate1551

extenuate1559

assubtiliate1582

assubtile1589

attenuate1594

subtilize1597

thinnify1693

1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 40 in Jewell House Earth beeing attenuated becommeth water.

1691 E. Taylor J. Behmen's Theosophick Philos. 187 The Suns lustre attenuateth the gross air.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 48 Burning spirits..are oils attenuated and subtilised by the action of fermentation.

1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. iii. 5 Salt, for example, may attenuate earth.

1874 Moseley's Lect. Astron. (new ed.) lxix. 202 A huge ring of attenuated matter..girds the planet.

b. spec. in Medicine. To render thinner (the humours or concretions of the body).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > remove or disperse [verb (transitive)] > disperse, etc., humours or morbid matter

cleansec1000

resolvea1398

slaya1400

dissolvec1400

evacuec1400

mundify?a1425

repel?a1425

attenuate1533

evacuate1533

discuss?1537

divert?1541

extenuate1541

intercide?1541

educe1574

scour1577

attray1579

clenge1582

divertise1597

derive1598

revel1598

display1607

draw1608

incide1612

correct1620

fuse1705

lavage1961

1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe ii. xiv. (R.) Dry figges..havinge power to attenuate or make humours currant.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. xiii. 64 O[y]le of pepper doth attenuat..tartarus matters in the body.

1797 J. Downing Treat. Disorders Horned Cattle 13 These medicines..powerfully attenuate the cloggy disposition of the blood.

3. figurative. To weaken or reduce in force, effect, amount; in value, estimation; (obsolete) to extenuate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)]

littleeOE

anitherOE

wanzelOE

lessc1225

slakea1300

littenc1300

aslakec1314

adminisha1325

allayc1330

settle1338

low1340

minisha1382

reprovea1382

abatea1398

rebatea1398

subtlea1398

alaskia1400

forlyten?a1400

imminish14..

lessenc1410

diminish1417

repress?a1425

assuagec1430

scarcec1440

small1440

underslakec1440

alessa1450

debate?c1450

batec1460

decreasec1470

appetisse1474

alow1494

mince1499

perswage?1504

remita1513

inless?1521

attenuate1530

weaken1530

defray1532

mitigate1532

minorate1534

narrow?1548

diminuec1550

extenuate1555

amain1578

exolve1578

base1581

dejecta1586

amoinder1588

faint1598

qualify1604

contract1605

to pull down1607

shrivel1609

to take down1610

disaugment1611

impoverish1611

shrink1628

decoct1629

persway1631

unflame1635

straiten1645

depress1647

reduce1649

detract1654

minuate1657

alloy1661

lower?1662

sinka1684

retreat1690

nip1785

to drive down1840

minify1866

to knock down1867

to damp down1869

scale1887

mute1891

clip1938

to roll back1942

to cut back1943

downscale1945

downrate1958

slim1963

downshift1972

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 440/1 He hath attenuat my power.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 9^v The delightfulnes of the one, will attenuate the tediousnesse of the other.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 29 The Mahometane..attenuated their number in Asia.

1660 A. Sidney in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 119 To aggravate that, which he doth intend to attenuate.

1850 Q. Rev. June 15 Some Notes..intended to attenuate the authority of the Christian philosopher.

1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. i. 117 To attenuate..his own appetites and emotions.

4. intransitive. To become slender, thinner, or weaker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)]

littleOE

setc1000

wanzec1175

lessc1225

allayc1275

wane1297

slaken1303

disincreasec1374

slakec1380

decrease1382

debatea1400

unwaxa1400

wastea1400

adminishc1400

lessenc1400

imminish14..

aslakec1405

minish?a1425

assuagec1430

shrinkc1449

to let down1486

decay1489

diminish1520

fall1523

rebate1540

batea1542

to come down1548

abate1560

stoop1572

pine1580

slack1580

scanten1585

shrivel1588

decrew1596

remit1629

contract1648

subside1680

lower1697

relax1701

drop1730

to take off1776

to run down1792

reduce1798

recede1810

to run off1816

to go down1823

attenuatea1834

ease1876

downscale1945

a1834 S. T. Coleridge in Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) The attention attenuates as its sphere contracts.

5. To introduce attenuation in an electrical signal or current; in passive, to be subjected to attenuation. Cf. attenuation n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > radio wave > cast back [verb (transitive)] > subject to attenuation

attenuate1886

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > decrease amplitude of signal

attenuate1886

mute1962

1886 Ld. Rayleigh in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 22 490 If we had the means of observing the passage of signals at various points of a long cable, we should find them not merely retarded..as we recede from the sending end, but also attenuated.

1892 O. Heaviside Electr. Papers II. 133 The act of reflection attenuates.

1892 O. Heaviside Electr. Papers II. 346 During transmission along the circuit, the vibrations are attenuated.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 696/2 The lower part of the Heaviside layer is of particular importance..because it is in this region that radio waves used for long-distance communication are attenuated.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	attenuate
释义	attenuateadj. /əˈtɛnjuːət/ Etymology: < Latin attenuātus, past participle of attenuāre : see attenuant adj. Made thin. 1. Slender, thin; tapered, reduced to thinness. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > [adjective] subtlea1382 subtilea1393 subtilec1392 smiltc1400 fine?a1425 thina1425 exile?1440 slender1444 tenuious1495 jimp?a1513 lenye1513 fine-spuna1555 nice1567 spindled1584 gracile1590 snever1640 tenuous1656 slim1657 gracilious1688 gracilent1727 twittery1819 flitterya1834 attenuate1848 spiry1849 low-profile1906 matchlike1906 slimline1949 1848 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Zoophytes (new ed.) 161 Tentacles numerous, attenuate, diaphanous. 1864 Mrs. H. Wood Shadow of Ashlydyat (1878) 433 She saw the white and wan face, the attenuate hands. 1880 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 398 Attenuate, slenderly tapering or narrow. 2. Thin in consistency, rarefied; refined. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > lack of density > [adjective] > rarefied subtiliate?a1425 rarefied1523 subtiliated1603 attenuated?1624 attenuate1626 subtilized1628 extenuated1661 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §938 Such a rare and attenuate substance, as is the spirit of living creatures. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems iii. Pref./1 The life of the body..hinders us of the sight of more attenuate phantasmes. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. xiv. 255 The idea is too exquisitely attenuate. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). attenuatev. /əˈtɛnjuːeɪt/ Etymology: < Latin attenuāt- participial stem of attenuāre, < at- = ad- to + tenuāre to make thin, < tenuis thin. Compare French atténuer, 12th cent. 1. To make thin or slender in girth or diameter (e.g. by natural or artificial shaping, drawing out, wearing down, starving, physical decay). ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > slenderness > make slender [verb (transitive)] attenuate1530 slender1559 tenuate1656 fine-draw1701 slim1862 slenderize1946 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > thinness > make thin(ner) [verb (transitive)] thinc900 extenuate1599 attenuate1794 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 440/1 I attenuate, I make thynne, Jattenue. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. x. 149 They crucifie the soule of man, attenuate our bodies. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 The Ureters in their progress are not attenuated within, as other Vessels are. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 47 This shell also being attenuated..the surface of the earth will tumble in. 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art I. 334 The wasted unclad form is seen attenuated by vigils. 1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. II. iii. 60 To attenuate them by gently drawing them out. 2. a. To make thin in consistency, to separate the particles of a substance, to diminish density, rarefy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > lack of density > make less dense [verb (transitive)] thinc1000 laska1375 rarefya1398 subtilea1425 subtiliate1551 extenuate1559 assubtiliate1582 assubtile1589 attenuate1594 subtilize1597 thinnify1693 1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 40 in Jewell House Earth beeing attenuated becommeth water. 1691 E. Taylor J. Behmen's Theosophick Philos. 187 The Suns lustre attenuateth the gross air. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 48 Burning spirits..are oils attenuated and subtilised by the action of fermentation. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. iii. 5 Salt, for example, may attenuate earth. 1874 Moseley's Lect. Astron. (new ed.) lxix. 202 A huge ring of attenuated matter..girds the planet. b. spec. in Medicine. To render thinner (the humours or concretions of the body). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > remove or disperse [verb (transitive)] > disperse, etc., humours or morbid matter cleansec1000 resolvea1398 slaya1400 dissolvec1400 evacuec1400 mundify?a1425 repel?a1425 attenuate1533 evacuate1533 discuss?1537 divert?1541 extenuate1541 intercide?1541 educe1574 scour1577 attray1579 clenge1582 divertise1597 derive1598 revel1598 display1607 draw1608 incide1612 correct1620 fuse1705 lavage1961 1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe ii. xiv. (R.) Dry figges..havinge power to attenuate or make humours currant. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. xiii. 64 O[y]le of pepper doth attenuat..tartarus matters in the body. 1797 J. Downing Treat. Disorders Horned Cattle 13 These medicines..powerfully attenuate the cloggy disposition of the blood. 3. figurative. To weaken or reduce in force, effect, amount; in value, estimation; (obsolete) to extenuate. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] littleeOE anitherOE wanzelOE lessc1225 slakea1300 littenc1300 aslakec1314 adminisha1325 allayc1330 settle1338 low1340 minisha1382 reprovea1382 abatea1398 rebatea1398 subtlea1398 alaskia1400 forlyten?a1400 imminish14.. lessenc1410 diminish1417 repress?a1425 assuagec1430 scarcec1440 small1440 underslakec1440 alessa1450 debate?c1450 batec1460 decreasec1470 appetisse1474 alow1494 mince1499 perswage?1504 remita1513 inless?1521 attenuate1530 weaken1530 defray1532 mitigate1532 minorate1534 narrow?1548 diminuec1550 extenuate1555 amain1578 exolve1578 base1581 dejecta1586 amoinder1588 faint1598 qualify1604 contract1605 to pull down1607 shrivel1609 to take down1610 disaugment1611 impoverish1611 shrink1628 decoct1629 persway1631 unflame1635 straiten1645 depress1647 reduce1649 detract1654 minuate1657 alloy1661 lower?1662 sinka1684 retreat1690 nip1785 to drive down1840 minify1866 to knock down1867 to damp down1869 scale1887 mute1891 clip1938 to roll back1942 to cut back1943 downscale1945 downrate1958 slim1963 downshift1972 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 440/1 He hath attenuat my power. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 9^v The delightfulnes of the one, will attenuate the tediousnesse of the other. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 29 The Mahometane..attenuated their number in Asia. 1660 A. Sidney in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 119 To aggravate that, which he doth intend to attenuate. 1850 Q. Rev. June 15 Some Notes..intended to attenuate the authority of the Christian philosopher. 1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. i. 117 To attenuate..his own appetites and emotions. 4. intransitive. To become slender, thinner, or weaker. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] littleOE setc1000 wanzec1175 lessc1225 allayc1275 wane1297 slaken1303 disincreasec1374 slakec1380 decrease1382 debatea1400 unwaxa1400 wastea1400 adminishc1400 lessenc1400 imminish14.. aslakec1405 minish?a1425 assuagec1430 shrinkc1449 to let down1486 decay1489 diminish1520 fall1523 rebate1540 batea1542 to come down1548 abate1560 stoop1572 pine1580 slack1580 scanten1585 shrivel1588 decrew1596 remit1629 contract1648 subside1680 lower1697 relax1701 drop1730 to take off1776 to run down1792 reduce1798 recede1810 to run off1816 to go down1823 attenuatea1834 ease1876 downscale1945 a1834 S. T. Coleridge in Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) The attention attenuates as its sphere contracts. 5. To introduce attenuation in an electrical signal or current; in passive, to be subjected to attenuation. Cf. attenuation n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > radio wave > cast back [verb (transitive)] > subject to attenuation attenuate1886 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > decrease amplitude of signal attenuate1886 mute1962 1886 Ld. Rayleigh in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 22 490 If we had the means of observing the passage of signals at various points of a long cable, we should find them not merely retarded..as we recede from the sending end, but also attenuated. 1892 O. Heaviside Electr. Papers II. 133 The act of reflection attenuates. 1892 O. Heaviside Electr. Papers II. 346 During transmission along the circuit, the vibrations are attenuated. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 696/2 The lower part of the Heaviside layer is of particular importance..because it is in this region that radio waves used for long-distance communication are attenuated. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1626v.1530
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