malleen.

Brit.

/ˈmali/, U.S.

/ˈmæli/, Australian English

/ˈmæli/

Forms: 1800s malle, 1800s– mallee, 1800s– malley, 1900s– malee.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Wemba-Wemba. Etymon: Wemba-Wemba mali.

Etymology: Probably < Wemba-Wemba (western Victoria) mali. Compare Wuywurung (Melbourne region) mali.

a. More fully mallee scrub. A vegetation community consisting of dense scrub dominated by low-growing bushy eucalypts, characteristic of semi-desert areas of Victoria and some other parts of southern Australia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees

yellow box1662

gum tree1676

white gum tree1733

whip-stick1782

peppermint1790

red gum tree1790

red mahogany1798

white gum1798

box1801

blue gum1802

eucalyptus1809

box tree1819

black-butted gum1820

bloodwood1827

white ash1830

blackbutt1833

morrel1837

mountain ash1837

mallee scrub1845

apple gum1846

flooded gum1847

Moreton Bay ash1847

mallee1848

swamp gum1852

box-gum1855

manna gum1855

white top1856

river gum1860

grey box1861

woolly butt1862

marlock1863

fever tree1867

red ironbark1867

river white gum1867

karri1870

yellow jacket1876

eucalypt1877

yapunyah1878

coolibah1879

scribbly gum1883

forest mahogany1884

yellow jack1884

rose gum1885

Jimmy Low1887

nankeen gum1889

slaty gum1889

sugar-gum1889

apple box1890

Murray red gum1895

creek-gum1898

eucalyptian1901

forest red gum1904

river red gum1920

napunyah1921

whitewash gum1923

ghost gum1928

snow gum1928

Sydney blue gum1932

salmon gum1934

lapunyah1940

1845 Standard (Melbourne) 7 June 2/6 The stock..are..driven into an almost impenetrable scrub, termed by the natives ‘Malley’.

1857 W. Howitt Tallangetta II. xii. 2 This Mallee scrub..consists of a dense wood of a dwarf species of gum-tree.

1898 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Romance of Canvas Town 37 Far off, amidst the sea-like expanse of the mallee..rise sombre, sharply-defined peaks and ranges.

1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby ix. 249 On the Wimmera Plains is massed the dwarf eucalyptus known as the Mallee Scrub, the roots of which make such ideal firewood.

1936 I. L. Idriess Cattle King ii. 10 They passed through the mallee belt, then out on to plain country.

1944 A. Russell Bush Ways xxii. 104 I think of the mallee scrubs and red gum fringes of the lower Murray River.

1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. 184 To describe the ‘scrub’ of northern Victoria as the Mallee.

1966 G. Durrell Two in Bush v. 166 Mallee scrub consists of a small species of eucalyptus between six and twenty feet high, and in places the trees grow very close together, their branches entwining and forming a continuous canopy.

1990 L. Battle Past is Another Country (1991) 10 It would be good fun to help clear the mallee, cutting and burning it up in a bonza fire.

b. More fully mallee country. Any of the semi-desert areas of Australia in which the principal natural vegetation is mallee scrub.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > specific

Sahara1613

sertão1816

mallee1851

hammada1853

erg1875

1851 Empire (Sydney) 13 Feb. 3/3 The flock masters in the Mallee country..are compelled to move their flocks.

1908 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 702/1 The mallee country of Victoria,..and the Darling Downs of southern Queensland are the natural granaries of the Commonwealth.

1924 New Settlers' Handbk. Victoria 16 Not so long since the Mallee was looked upon as being more or less a desert.

1958 E. O. Schlunke Village Hampden 127 ‘They're going to lynch you, Regerson,’ Harry told him, grinning. ‘You'd better take to the mallee before they come for you.’

1967 S. Wadham Austral. Farming 24 The mallee country further north was a different problem.

1985 H. Garner Postcards from Surfers 15 Auntie Lorna and my father come from the same town, Hopetoun in the Mallee.

2. Any of various low-growing eucalypts, esp. Eucalyptus dumosa, E. oleosa, and E. socialis, which have a number of spreading stems arising from an underground rootstock (instead of a single main trunk) and are characteristic of mallee scrub; the wood of any of these trees.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees

yellow box1662

gum tree1676

white gum tree1733

whip-stick1782

peppermint1790

red gum tree1790

red mahogany1798

white gum1798

box1801

blue gum1802

eucalyptus1809

box tree1819

black-butted gum1820

bloodwood1827

white ash1830

blackbutt1833

morrel1837

mountain ash1837

mallee scrub1845

apple gum1846

flooded gum1847

Moreton Bay ash1847

mallee1848

swamp gum1852

box-gum1855

manna gum1855

white top1856

river gum1860

grey box1861

woolly butt1862

marlock1863

fever tree1867

red ironbark1867

river white gum1867

karri1870

yellow jacket1876

eucalypt1877

yapunyah1878

coolibah1879

scribbly gum1883

forest mahogany1884

yellow jack1884

rose gum1885

Jimmy Low1887

nankeen gum1889

slaty gum1889

sugar-gum1889

apple box1890

Murray red gum1895

creek-gum1898

eucalyptian1901

forest red gum1904

river red gum1920

napunyah1921

whitewash gum1923

ghost gum1928

snow gum1928

Sydney blue gum1932

salmon gum1934

lapunyah1940

1848 W. Westgarth Austral. Felix 73 Laap, a sweet exudation from the leaf of the mallee (Eucalyptus dumosa).

1859 P. Just Australia 191 The men carry neither spears nor waddies; but each has several yamsticks made of mallee.

1920 R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith Res. Eucalypts (ed. 2) 185 The term ‘Mallee’ is applied in Australia to those Eucalypts which differ in their mode of growth from other species, by sending out a number of small stems from an expanded root-stock.

1979 N. Douglas & A. Heathcote Far Cry 18 The chooks were allowed to run free and nested in a big old mallee-gum in the ‘garden’.

1997 R. Fortey Life xiii. 367 There are great forest trees like ironbarks, or drought-resistant, dwarf mallees.

3. colloquial. (as) fit as a mallee bull: very fit and well; in robust health.

ΚΠ

1960 J. Morrison in Overland (Melbourne) Apr. 7 ‘All right. How's Bubby?’ ‘Fit as a Mallee bull! Got another tooth.’

1968 J. Kiddell Euloowirree Walkabout (1970) i. 3 Between them there were seventeen cups for competitive sport in the past year, and they were each as fit as a Mallee bull in a drought.

1981 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 14 June 151/4 He looked as fit as a Mallee bull.

Compounds

mallee bird n. now rare = mallee fowl n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl)

lowan1847

mallee bird1849

mallee hen1862

pheasant1893

mallee fowl1901

1849 Belfast Gaz. (Port Phillip) 30 Nov. 3/4 Mr White..has sent to Portland the drawing of ‘the Mallee bird’, which is peculiar to the Mallee scrub.

1860 G. Bennett Gatherings of Naturalist in Austral. viii. 174 That elegant creature, the Mallee Bird (Leipoa ocellata).

mallee fowl n. a megapode bird, Leipoa ocellata, of southern Australia, which inhabits mallee and other dry scrub; also called lowan.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl)

lowan1847

mallee bird1849

mallee hen1862

pheasant1893

mallee fowl1901

1901 Emu 1 51 In the densest portion of the scrub, a Mallee Fowl's egg-mound was discovered.

1963 Times 12 Mar. p. x/7 The mallee fowl is one of the megapodiidae or mound-building birds of the dry interior.

1985 Sydney Morning Herald 17 Aug. 10/3 Pity the poor, hard-working male mallee fowl, nature's supporter of the feminist cause.

mallee hen n. = mallee fowl n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl)

lowan1847

mallee bird1849

mallee hen1862

pheasant1893

mallee fowl1901

1862 J. A. Patterson Gold Fields Victoria 15 All between and around is a mass of mallee and whipstick, in the shelter of which that strange bird, the mallee hen, builds her nest.

1929 ‘A. Russell’ Bungoona 74 You're about as cheerful as a Mallee hen with the toothache.

1981 B. J. Brock Catharsis 55 Looks like your Mallee Hen's safe, though.

mallee parakeet n. = mallee ringneck n.

ΚΠ

1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 341 Mallee Parrakeet—Platycercus barnardi.

1912 Emu 12 118 Mallee Parrakeet..generally becomes vindictive when caged.

mallee parrot n. = mallee ringneck n.

ΚΠ

1932 H. Priest Call of Bush 162 Less commonly seen, but no less beautiful, is the Mallee Parrot.

mallee piker n. = piker n.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock > old

mossy-horn1885

piker1887

mallee piker1893

moss horn1923

1893 K. Mackay Out Back (ed. 2) III. vi. 265 Blowed if this cask ain't harder to round up nor a mallee piker.

1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. iii. 67 Mallee pikers, stock that have run wild and deteriorated in condition.

mallee ringneck n. the east Australian parrot Barnardius barnardi (also called Platycercus barnardi), predominantly green with a blue back and yellow collar.

ΚΠ

1943 C. Barrett Austral. Animal Bk. 232 The Mallee ringneck..frequents trees growing along the banks of rivers and creeks.

1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. viii. 46/1 Mallee Ringnecks (Barnardius barnardi).

mallee roller n. an agricultural implement used for clearing land, consisting of a heavy cylindrical object dragged across the scrub by horses or cattle.

ΚΠ

1910 Jrnl. Dept. Agric. Victoria (Austral.) 780 Mallee roller..may be either a log, an old boiler, or a specially constructed iron cylinder.

1977 R. E. Gregory Orig. Austral. Inventions 78 Mallee Rollers were pulled by horses or bullocks and either dragged the trees out..or smashed them down.

mallee root n. (a) the root of a mallee, used as a form of fuel; (b) Australian slang [rhyming slang; compare also root n.² 3, root v.² 6a.] , a prostitute.

ΚΠ

1892 Bulletin (Sydney) 27 Aug. 19/1 The old cronies sat together over a fire of mallee-root.

1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 45 Mallee root, a prostitute.

1964 N. Parker Myst. aboard Murrabit 13 Ed was small and gnarled, with unexpected thicks and thins like a mallee root.

1986 B. Hudson & L. Pickering First Austral. Dict. Vulgarities (at cited word) Mallee root, prostitute.

1988 Wheatbelt Mercury (Merredin, Austral.) 14 Sept. 22/1 These [events] include the wheelbarrow race, the hay stacking competition, the wool bale race, mallee root picking competition and the wheat bag throwing relay.

mallee soil n. a sandy red or brownish calcareous soil with calcareous concretions in the subsoil.

ΚΠ

1920 H. S. Taylor Pioneer Irrigationists' Man. lxx. 2 The mallee soils of Berri may be conveniently classed into two classes, deep and shallow.

1948 G. W. Leeper Introd. Soil Sci. 26 Mallee soils and mallee vegetation are not always associated even in Victoria.

1968 Esperance Advertiser (Albany, Austral.) 21 June 13/3 Mallee soils constituted about 40 per cent of the area and in the north-western section..scrub-sand plain soils covered big areas.

1995 Austral. Jrnl. Ecol. 20 266 In the mallee soil fauna were most active, burying the litter under mineral soil before comminution commenced.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mallee
释义	malleen. Brit. /ˈmali/, U.S. /ˈmæli/, Australian English /ˈmæli/ Forms: 1800s malle, 1800s– mallee, 1800s– malley, 1900s– malee. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Wemba-Wemba. Etymon: Wemba-Wemba mali. Etymology: Probably < Wemba-Wemba (western Victoria) mali. Compare Wuywurung (Melbourne region) mali. 1. a. More fully mallee scrub. A vegetation community consisting of dense scrub dominated by low-growing bushy eucalypts, characteristic of semi-desert areas of Victoria and some other parts of southern Australia. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees yellow box1662 gum tree1676 white gum tree1733 whip-stick1782 peppermint1790 red gum tree1790 red mahogany1798 white gum1798 box1801 blue gum1802 eucalyptus1809 box tree1819 black-butted gum1820 bloodwood1827 white ash1830 blackbutt1833 morrel1837 mountain ash1837 mallee scrub1845 apple gum1846 flooded gum1847 Moreton Bay ash1847 mallee1848 swamp gum1852 box-gum1855 manna gum1855 white top1856 river gum1860 grey box1861 woolly butt1862 marlock1863 fever tree1867 red ironbark1867 river white gum1867 karri1870 yellow jacket1876 eucalypt1877 yapunyah1878 coolibah1879 scribbly gum1883 forest mahogany1884 yellow jack1884 rose gum1885 Jimmy Low1887 nankeen gum1889 slaty gum1889 sugar-gum1889 apple box1890 Murray red gum1895 creek-gum1898 eucalyptian1901 forest red gum1904 river red gum1920 napunyah1921 whitewash gum1923 ghost gum1928 snow gum1928 Sydney blue gum1932 salmon gum1934 lapunyah1940 1845 Standard (Melbourne) 7 June 2/6 The stock..are..driven into an almost impenetrable scrub, termed by the natives ‘Malley’. 1857 W. Howitt Tallangetta II. xii. 2 This Mallee scrub..consists of a dense wood of a dwarf species of gum-tree. 1898 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Romance of Canvas Town 37 Far off, amidst the sea-like expanse of the mallee..rise sombre, sharply-defined peaks and ranges. 1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby ix. 249 On the Wimmera Plains is massed the dwarf eucalyptus known as the Mallee Scrub, the roots of which make such ideal firewood. 1936 I. L. Idriess Cattle King ii. 10 They passed through the mallee belt, then out on to plain country. 1944 A. Russell Bush Ways xxii. 104 I think of the mallee scrubs and red gum fringes of the lower Murray River. 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. 184 To describe the ‘scrub’ of northern Victoria as the Mallee. 1966 G. Durrell Two in Bush v. 166 Mallee scrub consists of a small species of eucalyptus between six and twenty feet high, and in places the trees grow very close together, their branches entwining and forming a continuous canopy. 1990 L. Battle Past is Another Country (1991) 10 It would be good fun to help clear the mallee, cutting and burning it up in a bonza fire. b. More fully mallee country. Any of the semi-desert areas of Australia in which the principal natural vegetation is mallee scrub. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > specific Sahara1613 sertão1816 mallee1851 hammada1853 erg1875 1851 Empire (Sydney) 13 Feb. 3/3 The flock masters in the Mallee country..are compelled to move their flocks. 1908 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 702/1 The mallee country of Victoria,..and the Darling Downs of southern Queensland are the natural granaries of the Commonwealth. 1924 New Settlers' Handbk. Victoria 16 Not so long since the Mallee was looked upon as being more or less a desert. 1958 E. O. Schlunke Village Hampden 127 ‘They're going to lynch you, Regerson,’ Harry told him, grinning. ‘You'd better take to the mallee before they come for you.’ 1967 S. Wadham Austral. Farming 24 The mallee country further north was a different problem. 1985 H. Garner Postcards from Surfers 15 Auntie Lorna and my father come from the same town, Hopetoun in the Mallee. 2. Any of various low-growing eucalypts, esp. Eucalyptus dumosa, E. oleosa, and E. socialis, which have a number of spreading stems arising from an underground rootstock (instead of a single main trunk) and are characteristic of mallee scrub; the wood of any of these trees. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees yellow box1662 gum tree1676 white gum tree1733 whip-stick1782 peppermint1790 red gum tree1790 red mahogany1798 white gum1798 box1801 blue gum1802 eucalyptus1809 box tree1819 black-butted gum1820 bloodwood1827 white ash1830 blackbutt1833 morrel1837 mountain ash1837 mallee scrub1845 apple gum1846 flooded gum1847 Moreton Bay ash1847 mallee1848 swamp gum1852 box-gum1855 manna gum1855 white top1856 river gum1860 grey box1861 woolly butt1862 marlock1863 fever tree1867 red ironbark1867 river white gum1867 karri1870 yellow jacket1876 eucalypt1877 yapunyah1878 coolibah1879 scribbly gum1883 forest mahogany1884 yellow jack1884 rose gum1885 Jimmy Low1887 nankeen gum1889 slaty gum1889 sugar-gum1889 apple box1890 Murray red gum1895 creek-gum1898 eucalyptian1901 forest red gum1904 river red gum1920 napunyah1921 whitewash gum1923 ghost gum1928 snow gum1928 Sydney blue gum1932 salmon gum1934 lapunyah1940 1848 W. Westgarth Austral. Felix 73 Laap, a sweet exudation from the leaf of the mallee (Eucalyptus dumosa). 1859 P. Just Australia 191 The men carry neither spears nor waddies; but each has several yamsticks made of mallee. 1920 R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith Res. Eucalypts (ed. 2) 185 The term ‘Mallee’ is applied in Australia to those Eucalypts which differ in their mode of growth from other species, by sending out a number of small stems from an expanded root-stock. 1979 N. Douglas & A. Heathcote Far Cry 18 The chooks were allowed to run free and nested in a big old mallee-gum in the ‘garden’. 1997 R. Fortey Life xiii. 367 There are great forest trees like ironbarks, or drought-resistant, dwarf mallees. 3. colloquial. (as) fit as a mallee bull: very fit and well; in robust health. ΚΠ 1960 J. Morrison in Overland (Melbourne) Apr. 7 ‘All right. How's Bubby?’ ‘Fit as a Mallee bull! Got another tooth.’ 1968 J. Kiddell Euloowirree Walkabout (1970) i. 3 Between them there were seventeen cups for competitive sport in the past year, and they were each as fit as a Mallee bull in a drought. 1981 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 14 June 151/4 He looked as fit as a Mallee bull. Compounds mallee bird n. now rare = mallee fowl n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl) lowan1847 mallee bird1849 mallee hen1862 pheasant1893 mallee fowl1901 1849 Belfast Gaz. (Port Phillip) 30 Nov. 3/4 Mr White..has sent to Portland the drawing of ‘the Mallee bird’, which is peculiar to the Mallee scrub. 1860 G. Bennett Gatherings of Naturalist in Austral. viii. 174 That elegant creature, the Mallee Bird (Leipoa ocellata). mallee fowl n. a megapode bird, Leipoa ocellata, of southern Australia, which inhabits mallee and other dry scrub; also called lowan. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl) lowan1847 mallee bird1849 mallee hen1862 pheasant1893 mallee fowl1901 1901 Emu 1 51 In the densest portion of the scrub, a Mallee Fowl's egg-mound was discovered. 1963 Times 12 Mar. p. x/7 The mallee fowl is one of the megapodiidae or mound-building birds of the dry interior. 1985 Sydney Morning Herald 17 Aug. 10/3 Pity the poor, hard-working male mallee fowl, nature's supporter of the feminist cause. mallee hen n. = mallee fowl n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl) lowan1847 mallee bird1849 mallee hen1862 pheasant1893 mallee fowl1901 1862 J. A. Patterson Gold Fields Victoria 15 All between and around is a mass of mallee and whipstick, in the shelter of which that strange bird, the mallee hen, builds her nest. 1929 ‘A. Russell’ Bungoona 74 You're about as cheerful as a Mallee hen with the toothache. 1981 B. J. Brock Catharsis 55 Looks like your Mallee Hen's safe, though. mallee parakeet n. = mallee ringneck n. ΚΠ 1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 341 Mallee Parrakeet—Platycercus barnardi. 1912 Emu 12 118 Mallee Parrakeet..generally becomes vindictive when caged. mallee parrot n. = mallee ringneck n. ΚΠ 1932 H. Priest Call of Bush 162 Less commonly seen, but no less beautiful, is the Mallee Parrot. mallee piker n. = piker n.² 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bull > [noun] > castrated or bullock > old mossy-horn1885 piker1887 mallee piker1893 moss horn1923 1893 K. Mackay Out Back (ed. 2) III. vi. 265 Blowed if this cask ain't harder to round up nor a mallee piker. 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. iii. 67 Mallee pikers, stock that have run wild and deteriorated in condition. mallee ringneck n. the east Australian parrot Barnardius barnardi (also called Platycercus barnardi), predominantly green with a blue back and yellow collar. ΚΠ 1943 C. Barrett Austral. Animal Bk. 232 The Mallee ringneck..frequents trees growing along the banks of rivers and creeks. 1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. viii. 46/1 Mallee Ringnecks (Barnardius barnardi). mallee roller n. an agricultural implement used for clearing land, consisting of a heavy cylindrical object dragged across the scrub by horses or cattle. ΚΠ 1910 Jrnl. Dept. Agric. Victoria (Austral.) 780 Mallee roller..may be either a log, an old boiler, or a specially constructed iron cylinder. 1977 R. E. Gregory Orig. Austral. Inventions 78 Mallee Rollers were pulled by horses or bullocks and either dragged the trees out..or smashed them down. mallee root n. (a) the root of a mallee, used as a form of fuel; (b) Australian slang [rhyming slang; compare also root n.² 3, root v.² 6a.] , a prostitute. ΚΠ 1892 Bulletin (Sydney) 27 Aug. 19/1 The old cronies sat together over a fire of mallee-root. 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 45 Mallee root, a prostitute. 1964 N. Parker Myst. aboard Murrabit 13 Ed was small and gnarled, with unexpected thicks and thins like a mallee root. 1986 B. Hudson & L. Pickering First Austral. Dict. Vulgarities (at cited word) Mallee root, prostitute. 1988 Wheatbelt Mercury (Merredin, Austral.) 14 Sept. 22/1 These [events] include the wheelbarrow race, the hay stacking competition, the wool bale race, mallee root picking competition and the wheat bag throwing relay. mallee soil n. a sandy red or brownish calcareous soil with calcareous concretions in the subsoil. ΚΠ 1920 H. S. Taylor Pioneer Irrigationists' Man. lxx. 2 The mallee soils of Berri may be conveniently classed into two classes, deep and shallow. 1948 G. W. Leeper Introd. Soil Sci. 26 Mallee soils and mallee vegetation are not always associated even in Victoria. 1968 Esperance Advertiser (Albany, Austral.) 21 June 13/3 Mallee soils constituted about 40 per cent of the area and in the north-western section..scrub-sand plain soils covered big areas. 1995 Austral. Jrnl. Ecol. 20 266 In the mallee soil fauna were most active, burying the litter under mineral soil before comminution commenced. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1845
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