lookern.

Brit.

/ˈlʊkə/, U.S.

/ˈlʊkər/

Forms: see look n. and -er suffix¹; also 1800s lucker (Scottish (Shetland)).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: look v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < look v. + -er suffix¹.Probably also attested early as a surname, e.g. Rob. Louker (1327), Johannes Loukere (1379), although these could perhaps alternatively be interpreted as showing either an otherwise unattested derivative of louk v.¹ or louker n. at louk v.² Derivatives. Compare also discussion at lockyer n. Perhaps attested earlier in place names, as Locherlega (also Locherslei ), Hampshire (1086; now Lockerley), Locreslegh' (field name), Kintbury, Berkshire (1220), in which it is often assumed to have the sense ‘herdsman, shepherd’, as also in the attestation in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds in quot. a1225 at sense 1a.

a. A person who looks after or has charge of something; a guardian, keeper, farm bailiff, steward, etc. In later use chiefly spec.: a shepherd, a herdsman. Now English regional (south-eastern).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > herding > herdsman or woman

herdc725

herdmanc1000

lookera1225

tripherd1305

hogger1327

pastorc1400

pastorelc1440

leader1495

pasture-man1547

herd-maid1588

herdsman1603

pastoral1607

feeder1611

creaght1634

herder1635

keep1641

creaghter1653

town herd1760

herd-boy1799

stock-keeper1806

senn1826

herd-girla1856

herd-laddie1865

pastoralist1879

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian

herd971

wardena1290

keepera1300

yemerc1330

looker1340

tutor1377

actorc1384

conservator1447

custosc1450

guardian1477

custodier?c1500

custode1543

guardant1592

custodian1602

supervisor1691

vigilant1822

a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 542) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 172 Þonon on loceres weg, andlang weges on þa ealdan stigele.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7429 Þe carters euerichon Of liif-days þai brouȝten anon And her lokers anon riȝtes Fif þousand heþen kniȝtes.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 220 Þe children of riche men ssolle habbe guode lokeres and oneste.

a1400 Prose Life Christ (Pepys) (1922) 102 (MED) Þe lookers þat kepten þe sepulchre..weren alle abaischt & fellen adoune.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2591 (MED) Þan mas he laddis ouire to lend & lokars of bestis.

1599 R. Percevall Dictionarie Span. & Eng. Arboledéro, a keeper of fruite trees, a looker to an orchard.

1609 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) Payd to the lowker of Moserd Wood xijd.

1675 D. Manly Hexham's Copious Eng. & Netherdutch Dict. (new ed.) Wijngaerdenier, a Vine-dresser or Looker to a Vine-yard.

1757 London Chron. 24 Dec. 606/1 Many..must..submit to be a Bailiff or Looker to one of the Monopolizers.

1793 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 4 49 Where my looker and family, with two or three labourers constantly resides.

1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl II. xvi. 313 Old Frazer..had..filled the office of looker, at Castle Gowrand,—a phrase that implicates the combined duties of steward and bailiff.

1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex I. iv. 69 Leaving their farms to the management of bailiffs, whom they call lookers.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 600 In preparing ewes for lambing..the looker..removes with the shears the wool on their tail, udders, and inside of their thighs.

1877 M. A. M. Hoppus Five-chimney Farm I. xiii. 268 The ‘Looker’ who had almost entirely managed the farm during the last two years, was obviously the best person, as knowing the land.

1893 D. Jordan Forest Tithes 199 Sometimes, where the grazier's grounds were very large, as many as three, or even four ‘lookers’ would be employed to watch over them. Their office was no sinecure, for by turns these men acted as farm bailiffs, keepers, stock-tenders, fishers, boatmen, and wild-fowlers, as the varying seasons demanded.

1921 S. Kaye-Smith Joanna Godden (1922) i. 37 It pleased her to think that the looker—who is always the principal man on a farm such as Ansdore, where sheep-rearing is the main business—deferred to her openly, before the other hands.

2008 Kentish Express (Nexis) 16 Oct. A Kentish looker (the Romney Marsh name for a shepherd).

b. English regional. With prefixed noun: (the title of) a minor local official appointed to oversee or inspect what is denoted by the noun. Now chiefly historical.Recorded earliest in leave-looker n.cloth-looker, market-looker, piece-looker: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > formal or official > person conducting

viewer1415

searcher1432

vesiar?a1500

vesiater1517

looker1552

vissier1566

inspector1602

sighter1708

roundsman1837

snooper1928

1552 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 59 Leavelookers John Walker Robt Mercer.

a1659 ( Chester Treasurers' Accts. in R. Holme et al. Transcripts (BL MS Harl. 2158) f. 44 (heading) Auditores Computorum Thesurer et Leuelokers hoc anno 33 H 6.

1774 J. Partridge Hist. Acct. Town & Parish Nantwich 20 The Fire-lookers follow next, whose business is to view and present all defective chimnies, and to prevent, as much as in them lies, all casualties that may happen to the town by fire. The last in order are the Channell-lookers, or Public-scavengers, to see to the sweeping and cleansing of the streets and channels.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1627 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 [Morpeth] There is no election of fish and flesh lookers.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1600 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 [Lancaster] Other officers of the Corporation are, Auditors,..Hedge-lookers.

1899 Daily News 23 Aug. 3/5 T. Thornton, cloth looker, Briercliffe.

1990 Times (Nexis) 28 July Their duties are ceremonial, although the brook-lookers are assiduous in removing supermarket trolleys from the stream.

2. A person who or animal which looks (in various senses of the verb).

(a) Without complement. Also with preceding word specifying the direction or manner of looking, the object of attention, etc.See also onlooker n., outlooker n., overlooker n., etc.

ΚΠ

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. viii. 1280 Dyuersite of colour exciteþ kyndeliche þe sight of lokers [L. intuentis] to loke and wondre þeron.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxi. 6 Go thou, and sette a lokere [a1382 E.V. tootere; L. speculatorem]; and telle he, what euer thing he seeth.

?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 115 Þis is a good watyr for all vicis of sore eyne..to all sotyll lokerys as poyntowris, goldsmethys, and swyche oper [read oþer].

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xcii. 181 You are the myrrors; that all lookers looke in.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 72^v The Basilike, whose eyes procure delight to the looker at the first glymse, and death at the second glaunce.

1633 G. Herbert Holy Script. in Temple 50 This is the thankfull glasse, That mends the lookers eyes.

1645 E. Gayton Chartæ Scriptæ 14 If we may trust divining Mr. Brooker, Our New States Wyzard, and old Starre Looker.

1736 London Mag. Apr. 191/1 Nine in Ten of the Glasses we daily see levell'd at the Public, are in reality not diaphanous, but agreeably return the Looker to himself.

1793 J. Anketell Poems 49 When keepers of the house tremble thro' fear, And lookers at the window darken'd are.

1838 I. A. Jewett Passages in Foreign Trav. I. xiv. 218 In a city, where so much time and talent are expended on equipage, and dress and gait, were there no intense lookers, that time and talent would in a measure be wasted.

1899 H. Garland Boy Life on Prairie x. 130 He [sc. a dog] was a ‘smeller’, not a ‘looker’.

1940 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 83 517 Even in 1917 he was a classical-minded conservative, a backward looker.

1976 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 4 June d5 (advt.) You get qualified buyers, not just lookers, and we get them inside your home, no ‘drive-bys’.

2004 Politics Oct. 70/1 Immediately this visual couplet—an example of field-reverse field shooting, in film parlance—positions us as the looker.

(b) With prepositional complement specifying the object of attention.

ΚΠ

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 48 Some busie looker vpon this litle poore booke.

1579 T. Twyne tr. Petrarch Phisicke against Fortune i. lxxxv. f. 108^v A diligent looker to the profite of the Common wealth.

1605 W. C. tr. C. Paschal False Complaints 78 These men are the lookers at my Crowne and dignitie.

1675 T. Otway Alcibiades iii. i. 21 An anxious looker on this Tragick Scene.

1718 J. B. Weston Abstr. Doctr. Jesus-Christ i. 20 A Looker upon life, a Slave of death, a travelling Passenger.

1764 A. Purver New & Literal Transl. Bks. Old & New Test. II. (Isa. xlvii. 13) 100/2 The Observers of the Heavens, the Lookers on the Stars.

1844 Family of Seisers II. 7/2 An immense amount of baggage was developed to the curious lookers at way-baggage.

1885 London Soc. Mar. 292 She received their attentions equally, and to lookers upon the amusing little game, manifested..that she was thinking..‘How happy could I be with either.’

1944 H. L. Mencken Diary 23 Nov. (1989) 344 Her doctor, a neighborhood looker at tongues.

1988 W. H. Willimon Acts ii. 97 God is not a looker upon the face.

2009 W. Just Exiles in Garden 33 She did come to understand eventually that Washington was a city of lookers at gardens.

b. A viewer of television. Cf. looker-in n. (b) at Compounds 2.viewer is now the more usual term.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > television viewer

viewer1914

looker-in1927

looker1928

watcher-in1928

televiewer1930

1928 Boston Sunday Globe 22 Jan. 14/5 If television receivers were in the hands of more ‘lookers’..the pictures would very likely have been reported from many other points.

1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 72/2 The First Television Revue..should draw the majority of Britain's ‘lookers’ to their receivers.

1953 Sunday Times 25 Jan. 9/4 Producers should never allow themselves to be influenced by the knowledge that their audience contains many doggedly literal lookers.

1988 Toronto Star (Nexis) 14 Feb. g1 Television lookers might have been puzzled by references to the Rocky Mountains, which had disappeared before the Rocky Mountain salute to the Games.

a. With qualifying adjective: a person, animal, or thing having an appearance or looks of a specified kind.rare before 19th cent.bad looker, good-looker: see the first element.

ΚΠ

a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 10644 (MED) Furste for sorow sche was nye madde..And a dolefuller loker may none be.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxxiv. 220 Dissembling and counterfeit Saints, demure lookers, hypocrites, pretended zealots,..and other such sects of men, who disguise themselves like Maskers to deceive the world.

1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal i. 2 I have ever observed, that your grave lookers are the dullest of men.

1846 O. Bradbury Hutoka v. 34 She thinks, she's the belle of all in the Block House, and faith, she is a fair looker, but she ain't a priming to Hutoka.

1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 441/1 J. Maynard has the largest private stable in the city wherein are several trotters..dam Belle Morgan, a nice looker and mover; can foot close to 2:50.

1926 Life 3 June 38/1 (advt.) A sporty looker, and a mighty friendly, comfortable pipe.

1984 Times 10 Aug. 23/4 The Escort-sized Pony turned out to be a rather ungraceful looker and performer but one of the strongest cars around.

2002 B. Gaston Cameraman viii. 104 Ordinary lookers who could act fur onto a frog were tossed the character roles, or forced into voice-overs and radio.

b. colloquial (originally U.S.). A person, esp. a woman, who is physically attractive or beautiful. Also in extended use, of a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attractiveness > [noun] > attractive person

knocker1612

attractor1641

gracioso1653

attracter1654

charmer1677

irresistible1774

fascinator1836

stunner1847

high-stepper1852

looker1893

bonzer1897

hot tamale1897

tanger1914

dish1929

head-turner1935

cake1941

the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] > beautiful thing or person > beautiful person

lovesomea1350

popinjaya1350

beautya1413

angel1502

good-looker1801

crusher1841

looker1893

1893 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 11 Oct. He can dance and sing, and is very much of a looker.

1920 B. Cronin Timber Wolves 73 Did you notice if she was any kind of a looker?

1933 W. H. Auden Witnesses in Listener 12 July (Poetry Suppl.) p. ii The days went by, he grew mature; He was a looker you may be sure.

1971 R. Parkes Line of Fire iv. 42 Bit of a looker... Otherwise..a ranking detective on a priority case, would hardly have bothered driving her home.

1979 N.Y. Times Mag. 30 Sept. 63/2 (advt.) Step out in fall's new strapped shoes. A trio of lookers from Selby.

2000 A. M. Greeley Christmas Wedding (2001) i. 12 She's a real looker. You shouldn't let her come in this place alone.

Compounds

C1. With adverbs, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to adverbial combinations of look (see look v. Phrasal verbs 1), as looker-about, looker-after, looker-back, looker-up, etc. [In looker-upon in quot. c1475 after post-classical Latin episcopus bishop, and its etymon Hellenistic Greek ἐπίσκοπος, lit. ‘overseer’ (see bishop n.).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator

showerOE

beholderc1374

lookera1382

espiouressc1430

considererc1449

overseerc1450

regarder1525

surveyor1558

viewer1565

spectatora1586

regardant1590

aspector1603

supervisor1610

eyer1611

spectatrix1611

spectatress1632

speculator1647

contemplator1658

attender1665

espier1860

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. vii. 12 God forsothe the lokere aboute is [L. circumspector Deus].

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 2 If we wil, we mai calle bischoppis, locars up on.

1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes xxi. sig. Tttt.ij^v Did she not stand by as a looker vppon, and not faint in hir minde?

1586 J. Prime Expos. St. Paul to Galathians ii. 49 (margin) Fugitiues and lookers-back from the plough they once laid their hands vnto.

1660 J. Trapp Comm. Holy Script. vii. 265 Christ loves no lookers back: See how hee thunders against them.

1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 137 By the care of a Looker-after during their ripening season, the Fruit is safer than in a contiguous Orchard... This is annually done about the Kentish Cherry-Orchards and Plantations.

1754 World 21 Nov. 247 That it should be the only view towards which these Lookers-Forward never turn their eyes, is an inconsistency altogether unaccountable.

1771 J. Entick New Lat. & Eng. Dict. Despector, a looker down.

1867 Times 21 Oct. 4/5 Besides small lots of Witneys, elysians, and other overcoatings, there have been some lookers-up of fancy tweeds for ladies' wear.

1867 Amer. Jrnl. Hort. 2 368 Readers and thinkers, observers and lookers-about.

1889 Harper's Mag. July 237/2 You can appear with perfect freedom in your original character of a looker-up of family connections.

1926 W. J. Locke Old Bridge ii. viii. 134 The result..if sought, is there for the looker-round to behold.

1984 P. Fitzgerald Charlotte Mew xx. 189 Florence..probably understood these feelings best, being a natural looker-after and guardian.

2013 Times (Nexis) 7 Mar. (T2 section) 4 I'm not a looker-back at my own life.

C2.

looker-in n. now rare (a) a person who looks in (in various senses of to look in at look v. Phrasal verbs 1), spec. one who looks in on another, a casual visitor; (b) now historical a viewer of television (cf. sense 2b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > visit > visitor > [noun] > informal

dropper-in1805

looker-in1826

drop-in1970

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > television viewer

viewer1914

looker-in1927

looker1928

watcher-in1928

televiewer1930

1658 A. Cokayne Obstinate Lady i. iii. in Chain of Golden Poems 311 Fit to compose a crafty gin To take the hearts of lookers in.

1826 New Monthly Mag. 17 241 I have always casual lookers-in, and it is my cue..to keep..an open house.

1921 E. E. Holmes Joyful through Hope 157 The instructed Churchman, no casual looker-in, but a weekly or daily worshipper.

1927 Pictorial Weekly 5 Mar. 101 A speech which the ‘looker-in’ can actually see being delivered.

1996 N.Y. Times 2 Dec. d10/4 With pictures, often distorted by a magnifying glass, early TVs look like crystal balls and the viewers of them are called ‘lookers-in’.

looker-on n. now somewhat archaic a person who looks on; an observer, a spectator; cf. onlooker n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > bystander or onlooker

circumstanta1513

bystander1534

stander-by1534

looker-on?1536

onlooker1550

titlark1800

tricoteuse1828

railbird1894

?1536 W. Marshall Luther's Images Verye Chrysten Bysshop sig. s.viii They them selues..hauyng theyr goodly fethers plucked a way from them, do prouoke ye lokers on to laughter.

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Spanish Gipsie (1653) v. sig. K^v I all this while, Stand but a looker on.

1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 161. ⁋2 To gain the Approbation of the Lookers-on.

1850 F. E. Smedley Frank Fairlegh ix. 85 Every fool knows that lookers-on see most of the game.

1915 St. Nicholas June 704/1 His protestations and struggles would merely amuse the lookers-on.

1984 A. Smith in G. Ursell More Sask. Gold i. ix. 101 They were fine expensive bars in the beginning that I went to with sympathetic and helpful lookers-on.

looker-out n. (a) a person who looks out (in various senses of to look out at look v. Phrasal verbs 1); (b) (in the book trade) a person who locates and retrieves requested volumes from stock (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > watcher or look-out

showerOE

tootera1382

waiter1382

night watcha1400

scout-watcha1400

looker-out1562

night-watcher1569

watcher1572

scout1585

bishop1592

speculator1607

lookout1662

speculatory1775

lookout man1787

stagger1859

dog1870

eye1874

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of books, newspapers, or pamphlets > types of

bawdy-basket1567

ballad-monger1598

land-pirate1608

map-monger1639

bookwoman1647

mercury1648

second-hand bookseller1656

Bible-seller1707

map-seller1710

stall-man1761

book auctioneer1776

scrap-monger1786

colporteur1796

death-hunter1851

train boy1852

speech-crier1856

roarer1865

looker-out1894

1562 J. Heywood Sixt Hundred Epigrammes xx. in Wks. sig. Ccii^v All Newgate wyndowes bay wyndowes they bee. All lookers out there stand at bay we see.

1623 R. Jobson Golden Trade 9 What variety of wilde beasts..for the sustenance and comfort of those as trauaile..alwayes at hand to mend the dyet of any ingenious looker out.

1767 Polit. Reg. Oct. 363 The lookers-out have not been able to prevail on any man of consequence to accept [an office].

1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxiii. 140 The Peloponnesian fleet completely eluded the lookers-out of Thrasyllus.

1894 Leeds Mercury 22 Sept. 4/6 Behind the scenes the ‘looker-out’ in charge of the order is rushing about a series of mazes which..extend, floor above floor, from the cellar to the attic.

1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? ii. 20 At the blind corners, where the separate sections are too far apart to keep in touch, there's a ‘looker-out’. He waves up the cabs from one section to another.

2001 P. Vincenzi Something Dangerous i. 7 He had..enjoyed..his time as a looker-out on the trade counter. He wasn't sure why, but it seemed to him a most satisfying part of the publishing process, collecting books from the great store in the basement.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	looker
释义	lookern. Brit. /ˈlʊkə/, U.S. /ˈlʊkər/ Forms: see look n. and -er suffix¹; also 1800s lucker (Scottish (Shetland)). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: look v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < look v. + -er suffix¹.Probably also attested early as a surname, e.g. Rob. Louker (1327), Johannes Loukere (1379), although these could perhaps alternatively be interpreted as showing either an otherwise unattested derivative of louk v.¹ or louker n. at louk v.² Derivatives. Compare also discussion at lockyer n. Perhaps attested earlier in place names, as Locherlega (also Locherslei ), Hampshire (1086; now Lockerley), Locreslegh' (field name), Kintbury, Berkshire (1220), in which it is often assumed to have the sense ‘herdsman, shepherd’, as also in the attestation in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds in quot. a1225 at sense 1a. 1. a. A person who looks after or has charge of something; a guardian, keeper, farm bailiff, steward, etc. In later use chiefly spec.: a shepherd, a herdsman. Now English regional (south-eastern). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > herding > herdsman or woman herdc725 herdmanc1000 lookera1225 tripherd1305 hogger1327 pastorc1400 pastorelc1440 leader1495 pasture-man1547 herd-maid1588 herdsman1603 pastoral1607 feeder1611 creaght1634 herder1635 keep1641 creaghter1653 town herd1760 herd-boy1799 stock-keeper1806 senn1826 herd-girla1856 herd-laddie1865 pastoralist1879 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian herd971 wardena1290 keepera1300 yemerc1330 looker1340 tutor1377 actorc1384 conservator1447 custosc1450 guardian1477 custodier?c1500 custode1543 guardant1592 custodian1602 supervisor1691 vigilant1822 a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 542) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 172 Þonon on loceres weg, andlang weges on þa ealdan stigele. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7429 Þe carters euerichon Of liif-days þai brouȝten anon And her lokers anon riȝtes Fif þousand heþen kniȝtes. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 220 Þe children of riche men ssolle habbe guode lokeres and oneste. a1400 Prose Life Christ (Pepys) (1922) 102 (MED) Þe lookers þat kepten þe sepulchre..weren alle abaischt & fellen adoune. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2591 (MED) Þan mas he laddis ouire to lend & lokars of bestis. 1599 R. Percevall Dictionarie Span. & Eng. Arboledéro, a keeper of fruite trees, a looker to an orchard. 1609 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/5) Payd to the lowker of Moserd Wood xijd. 1675 D. Manly Hexham's Copious Eng. & Netherdutch Dict. (new ed.) Wijngaerdenier, a Vine-dresser or Looker to a Vine-yard. 1757 London Chron. 24 Dec. 606/1 Many..must..submit to be a Bailiff or Looker to one of the Monopolizers. 1793 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 4 49 Where my looker and family, with two or three labourers constantly resides. 1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl II. xvi. 313 Old Frazer..had..filled the office of looker, at Castle Gowrand,—a phrase that implicates the combined duties of steward and bailiff. 1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex I. iv. 69 Leaving their farms to the management of bailiffs, whom they call lookers. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 600 In preparing ewes for lambing..the looker..removes with the shears the wool on their tail, udders, and inside of their thighs. 1877 M. A. M. Hoppus Five-chimney Farm I. xiii. 268 The ‘Looker’ who had almost entirely managed the farm during the last two years, was obviously the best person, as knowing the land. 1893 D. Jordan Forest Tithes 199 Sometimes, where the grazier's grounds were very large, as many as three, or even four ‘lookers’ would be employed to watch over them. Their office was no sinecure, for by turns these men acted as farm bailiffs, keepers, stock-tenders, fishers, boatmen, and wild-fowlers, as the varying seasons demanded. 1921 S. Kaye-Smith Joanna Godden (1922) i. 37 It pleased her to think that the looker—who is always the principal man on a farm such as Ansdore, where sheep-rearing is the main business—deferred to her openly, before the other hands. 2008 Kentish Express (Nexis) 16 Oct. A Kentish looker (the Romney Marsh name for a shepherd). b. English regional. With prefixed noun: (the title of) a minor local official appointed to oversee or inspect what is denoted by the noun. Now chiefly historical.Recorded earliest in leave-looker n.cloth-looker, market-looker, piece-looker: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > formal or official > person conducting viewer1415 searcher1432 vesiar?a1500 vesiater1517 looker1552 vissier1566 inspector1602 sighter1708 roundsman1837 snooper1928 1552 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 59 Leavelookers John Walker Robt Mercer. a1659 ( Chester Treasurers' Accts. in R. Holme et al. Transcripts (BL MS Harl. 2158) f. 44 (heading) Auditores Computorum Thesurer et Leuelokers hoc anno 33 H 6. 1774 J. Partridge Hist. Acct. Town & Parish Nantwich 20 The Fire-lookers follow next, whose business is to view and present all defective chimnies, and to prevent, as much as in them lies, all casualties that may happen to the town by fire. The last in order are the Channell-lookers, or Public-scavengers, to see to the sweeping and cleansing of the streets and channels. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1627 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 [Morpeth] There is no election of fish and flesh lookers. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1600 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 [Lancaster] Other officers of the Corporation are, Auditors,..Hedge-lookers. 1899 Daily News 23 Aug. 3/5 T. Thornton, cloth looker, Briercliffe. 1990 Times (Nexis) 28 July Their duties are ceremonial, although the brook-lookers are assiduous in removing supermarket trolleys from the stream. 2. A person who or animal which looks (in various senses of the verb). a. (a) Without complement. Also with preceding word specifying the direction or manner of looking, the object of attention, etc.See also onlooker n., outlooker n., overlooker n., etc. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. viii. 1280 Dyuersite of colour exciteþ kyndeliche þe sight of lokers [L. intuentis] to loke and wondre þeron. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxi. 6 Go thou, and sette a lokere [a1382 E.V. tootere; L. speculatorem]; and telle he, what euer thing he seeth. ?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 115 Þis is a good watyr for all vicis of sore eyne..to all sotyll lokerys as poyntowris, goldsmethys, and swyche oper [read oþer]. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xcii. 181 You are the myrrors; that all lookers looke in. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 72^v The Basilike, whose eyes procure delight to the looker at the first glymse, and death at the second glaunce. 1633 G. Herbert Holy Script. in Temple 50 This is the thankfull glasse, That mends the lookers eyes. 1645 E. Gayton Chartæ Scriptæ 14 If we may trust divining Mr. Brooker, Our New States Wyzard, and old Starre Looker. 1736 London Mag. Apr. 191/1 Nine in Ten of the Glasses we daily see levell'd at the Public, are in reality not diaphanous, but agreeably return the Looker to himself. 1793 J. Anketell Poems 49 When keepers of the house tremble thro' fear, And lookers at the window darken'd are. 1838 I. A. Jewett Passages in Foreign Trav. I. xiv. 218 In a city, where so much time and talent are expended on equipage, and dress and gait, were there no intense lookers, that time and talent would in a measure be wasted. 1899 H. Garland Boy Life on Prairie x. 130 He [sc. a dog] was a ‘smeller’, not a ‘looker’. 1940 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 83 517 Even in 1917 he was a classical-minded conservative, a backward looker. 1976 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 4 June d5 (advt.) You get qualified buyers, not just lookers, and we get them inside your home, no ‘drive-bys’. 2004 Politics Oct. 70/1 Immediately this visual couplet—an example of field-reverse field shooting, in film parlance—positions us as the looker. (b) With prepositional complement specifying the object of attention. ΚΠ a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 48 Some busie looker vpon this litle poore booke. 1579 T. Twyne tr. Petrarch Phisicke against Fortune i. lxxxv. f. 108^v A diligent looker to the profite of the Common wealth. 1605 W. C. tr. C. Paschal False Complaints 78 These men are the lookers at my Crowne and dignitie. 1675 T. Otway Alcibiades iii. i. 21 An anxious looker on this Tragick Scene. 1718 J. B. Weston Abstr. Doctr. Jesus-Christ i. 20 A Looker upon life, a Slave of death, a travelling Passenger. 1764 A. Purver New & Literal Transl. Bks. Old & New Test. II. (Isa. xlvii. 13) 100/2 The Observers of the Heavens, the Lookers on the Stars. 1844 Family of Seisers II. 7/2 An immense amount of baggage was developed to the curious lookers at way-baggage. 1885 London Soc. Mar. 292 She received their attentions equally, and to lookers upon the amusing little game, manifested..that she was thinking..‘How happy could I be with either.’ 1944 H. L. Mencken Diary 23 Nov. (1989) 344 Her doctor, a neighborhood looker at tongues. 1988 W. H. Willimon Acts ii. 97 God is not a looker upon the face. 2009 W. Just Exiles in Garden 33 She did come to understand eventually that Washington was a city of lookers at gardens. b. A viewer of television. Cf. looker-in n. (b) at Compounds 2.viewer is now the more usual term. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > television viewer viewer1914 looker-in1927 looker1928 watcher-in1928 televiewer1930 1928 Boston Sunday Globe 22 Jan. 14/5 If television receivers were in the hands of more ‘lookers’..the pictures would very likely have been reported from many other points. 1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 72/2 The First Television Revue..should draw the majority of Britain's ‘lookers’ to their receivers. 1953 Sunday Times 25 Jan. 9/4 Producers should never allow themselves to be influenced by the knowledge that their audience contains many doggedly literal lookers. 1988 Toronto Star (Nexis) 14 Feb. g1 Television lookers might have been puzzled by references to the Rocky Mountains, which had disappeared before the Rocky Mountain salute to the Games. 3. a. With qualifying adjective: a person, animal, or thing having an appearance or looks of a specified kind.rare before 19th cent.bad looker, good-looker: see the first element. ΚΠ a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 10644 (MED) Furste for sorow sche was nye madde..And a dolefuller loker may none be. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxxiv. 220 Dissembling and counterfeit Saints, demure lookers, hypocrites, pretended zealots,..and other such sects of men, who disguise themselves like Maskers to deceive the world. 1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal i. 2 I have ever observed, that your grave lookers are the dullest of men. 1846 O. Bradbury Hutoka v. 34 She thinks, she's the belle of all in the Block House, and faith, she is a fair looker, but she ain't a priming to Hutoka. 1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 441/1 J. Maynard has the largest private stable in the city wherein are several trotters..dam Belle Morgan, a nice looker and mover; can foot close to 2:50. 1926 Life 3 June 38/1 (advt.) A sporty looker, and a mighty friendly, comfortable pipe. 1984 Times 10 Aug. 23/4 The Escort-sized Pony turned out to be a rather ungraceful looker and performer but one of the strongest cars around. 2002 B. Gaston Cameraman viii. 104 Ordinary lookers who could act fur onto a frog were tossed the character roles, or forced into voice-overs and radio. b. colloquial (originally U.S.). A person, esp. a woman, who is physically attractive or beautiful. Also in extended use, of a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attractiveness > [noun] > attractive person knocker1612 attractor1641 gracioso1653 attracter1654 charmer1677 irresistible1774 fascinator1836 stunner1847 high-stepper1852 looker1893 bonzer1897 hot tamale1897 tanger1914 dish1929 head-turner1935 cake1941 the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] > beautiful thing or person > beautiful person lovesomea1350 popinjaya1350 beautya1413 angel1502 good-looker1801 crusher1841 looker1893 1893 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 11 Oct. He can dance and sing, and is very much of a looker. 1920 B. Cronin Timber Wolves 73 Did you notice if she was any kind of a looker? 1933 W. H. Auden Witnesses in Listener 12 July (Poetry Suppl.) p. ii The days went by, he grew mature; He was a looker you may be sure. 1971 R. Parkes Line of Fire iv. 42 Bit of a looker... Otherwise..a ranking detective on a priority case, would hardly have bothered driving her home. 1979 N.Y. Times Mag. 30 Sept. 63/2 (advt.) Step out in fall's new strapped shoes. A trio of lookers from Selby. 2000 A. M. Greeley Christmas Wedding (2001) i. 12 She's a real looker. You shouldn't let her come in this place alone. Compounds C1. With adverbs, forming compound agent nouns corresponding to adverbial combinations of look (see look v. Phrasal verbs 1), as looker-about, looker-after, looker-back, looker-up, etc. [In looker-upon in quot. c1475 after post-classical Latin episcopus bishop, and its etymon Hellenistic Greek ἐπίσκοπος, lit. ‘overseer’ (see bishop n.).] ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator showerOE beholderc1374 lookera1382 espiouressc1430 considererc1449 overseerc1450 regarder1525 surveyor1558 viewer1565 spectatora1586 regardant1590 aspector1603 supervisor1610 eyer1611 spectatrix1611 spectatress1632 speculator1647 contemplator1658 attender1665 espier1860 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. vii. 12 God forsothe the lokere aboute is [L. circumspector Deus]. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 2 If we wil, we mai calle bischoppis, locars up on. 1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes xxi. sig. Tttt.ij^v Did she not stand by as a looker vppon, and not faint in hir minde? 1586 J. Prime Expos. St. Paul to Galathians ii. 49 (margin) Fugitiues and lookers-back from the plough they once laid their hands vnto. 1660 J. Trapp Comm. Holy Script. vii. 265 Christ loves no lookers back: See how hee thunders against them. 1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 137 By the care of a Looker-after during their ripening season, the Fruit is safer than in a contiguous Orchard... This is annually done about the Kentish Cherry-Orchards and Plantations. 1754 World 21 Nov. 247 That it should be the only view towards which these Lookers-Forward never turn their eyes, is an inconsistency altogether unaccountable. 1771 J. Entick New Lat. & Eng. Dict. Despector, a looker down. 1867 Times 21 Oct. 4/5 Besides small lots of Witneys, elysians, and other overcoatings, there have been some lookers-up of fancy tweeds for ladies' wear. 1867 Amer. Jrnl. Hort. 2 368 Readers and thinkers, observers and lookers-about. 1889 Harper's Mag. July 237/2 You can appear with perfect freedom in your original character of a looker-up of family connections. 1926 W. J. Locke Old Bridge ii. viii. 134 The result..if sought, is there for the looker-round to behold. 1984 P. Fitzgerald Charlotte Mew xx. 189 Florence..probably understood these feelings best, being a natural looker-after and guardian. 2013 Times (Nexis) 7 Mar. (T2 section) 4 I'm not a looker-back at my own life. C2. looker-in n. now rare (a) a person who looks in (in various senses of to look in at look v. Phrasal verbs 1), spec. one who looks in on another, a casual visitor; (b) now historical a viewer of television (cf. sense 2b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > visit > visitor > [noun] > informal dropper-in1805 looker-in1826 drop-in1970 society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > television viewer viewer1914 looker-in1927 looker1928 watcher-in1928 televiewer1930 1658 A. Cokayne Obstinate Lady i. iii. in Chain of Golden Poems 311 Fit to compose a crafty gin To take the hearts of lookers in. 1826 New Monthly Mag. 17 241 I have always casual lookers-in, and it is my cue..to keep..an open house. 1921 E. E. Holmes Joyful through Hope 157 The instructed Churchman, no casual looker-in, but a weekly or daily worshipper. 1927 Pictorial Weekly 5 Mar. 101 A speech which the ‘looker-in’ can actually see being delivered. 1996 N.Y. Times 2 Dec. d10/4 With pictures, often distorted by a magnifying glass, early TVs look like crystal balls and the viewers of them are called ‘lookers-in’. looker-on n. now somewhat archaic a person who looks on; an observer, a spectator; cf. onlooker n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > bystander or onlooker circumstanta1513 bystander1534 stander-by1534 looker-on?1536 onlooker1550 titlark1800 tricoteuse1828 railbird1894 ?1536 W. Marshall Luther's Images Verye Chrysten Bysshop sig. s.viii They them selues..hauyng theyr goodly fethers plucked a way from them, do prouoke ye lokers on to laughter. a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Spanish Gipsie (1653) v. sig. K^v I all this while, Stand but a looker on. 1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 161. ⁋2 To gain the Approbation of the Lookers-on. 1850 F. E. Smedley Frank Fairlegh ix. 85 Every fool knows that lookers-on see most of the game. 1915 St. Nicholas June 704/1 His protestations and struggles would merely amuse the lookers-on. 1984 A. Smith in G. Ursell More Sask. Gold i. ix. 101 They were fine expensive bars in the beginning that I went to with sympathetic and helpful lookers-on. looker-out n. (a) a person who looks out (in various senses of to look out at look v. Phrasal verbs 1); (b) (in the book trade) a person who locates and retrieves requested volumes from stock (now historical). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > watcher or look-out showerOE tootera1382 waiter1382 night watcha1400 scout-watcha1400 looker-out1562 night-watcher1569 watcher1572 scout1585 bishop1592 speculator1607 lookout1662 speculatory1775 lookout man1787 stagger1859 dog1870 eye1874 society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of books, newspapers, or pamphlets > types of bawdy-basket1567 ballad-monger1598 land-pirate1608 map-monger1639 bookwoman1647 mercury1648 second-hand bookseller1656 Bible-seller1707 map-seller1710 stall-man1761 book auctioneer1776 scrap-monger1786 colporteur1796 death-hunter1851 train boy1852 speech-crier1856 roarer1865 looker-out1894 1562 J. Heywood Sixt Hundred Epigrammes xx. in Wks. sig. Ccii^v All Newgate wyndowes bay wyndowes they bee. All lookers out there stand at bay we see. 1623 R. Jobson Golden Trade 9 What variety of wilde beasts..for the sustenance and comfort of those as trauaile..alwayes at hand to mend the dyet of any ingenious looker out. 1767 Polit. Reg. Oct. 363 The lookers-out have not been able to prevail on any man of consequence to accept [an office]. 1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxiii. 140 The Peloponnesian fleet completely eluded the lookers-out of Thrasyllus. 1894 Leeds Mercury 22 Sept. 4/6 Behind the scenes the ‘looker-out’ in charge of the order is rushing about a series of mazes which..extend, floor above floor, from the cellar to the attic. 1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? ii. 20 At the blind corners, where the separate sections are too far apart to keep in touch, there's a ‘looker-out’. He waves up the cabs from one section to another. 2001 P. Vincenzi Something Dangerous i. 7 He had..enjoyed..his time as a looker-out on the trade counter. He wasn't sure why, but it seemed to him a most satisfying part of the publishing process, collecting books from the great store in the basement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lookerv. Brit. /ˈlʊkə/, U.S. /ˈlʊkər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: looker n. Etymology: < looker n. English regional (chiefly south-eastern). intransitive and transitive. To tend or guard (farm animals). Cf. looker n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (intransitive)] > herd herd1768 drove1805 looker1887 trail1906 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 95 Looker, to perform the work of a looker. ‘John? Oh! he's lookering.’ 1962 R. Jeffries Exhibit No. 13 x. 97 Jones was ‘lookering’ his bullocks. The ministry man was due..and..the bullocks had to be treated with all possible care and attention. 2004 Mid Sussex Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. Christmas Day for my husband begins the same as any other, taking the dogs out and ‘lookering’ the sheep. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1225v.1887
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lookern.

Compounds

lookerv.