liberalityn.

Brit.

/ˌlɪbəˈralᵻti/, U.S.

/ˌlɪbəˈrælədi/

Forms: Middle English liberallite, Middle English liberalte, Middle English lyberalte, Middle English–1500s liberalite, Middle English–1500s liberalitee, Middle English–1500s lyberalite, Middle English–1500s lyberalyte, 1500s liberalytye, 1500s lyberalitee, 1500s lyberalitie, 1500s lyberalitye, 1500s lyberalytie, 1500s–1600s liberalitie, 1500s–1600s liberalitye, 1500s–1600s liberalytie, 1500s– liberality; also Scottish pre-1700 liberalietie, pre-1700 liberalite, pre-1700 liberalitee, pre-1700 liberalitie, pre-1700 liberalitie, pre-1700 liberallitie, pre-1700 libiralytie; N.E.D. (1902) also records a form Middle English liberalytie.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French liberalité; Latin līberālitāt-, līberālitās.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French liberalité (French libéralité ) quality of giving generously, generosity, magnanimity, benevolence (13th cent. in Old French), independence, freedom (early 15th cent. or earlier), generous gift (early 15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin līberālitāt-, līberālitās generosity, nobility, kindliness, magnanimity, munificence, open-handedness, instance of generosity, gift, donation, contribution < līberālis liberal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare liberal adj., liberalness n.In sense 3 perhaps after French libéralité political liberalism, liberal opinion (1799); compare slightly earlier liberalism n.

a. The quality of giving or spending freely; generosity, largesse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality

freedomOE

custinessOE

largesse?c1225

freeshipa1250

franchisec1325

largitya1382

largenessa1387

liberalityc1390

bountya1400

honestya1400

freenessc1400

largec1400

liberalnessc1410

munificencec1425

plentyc1425

bounteousnessc1440

magnificencec1450

bountifulness1489

bountines1512

royalty1548

magnificency?c1550

munificency?c1550

free-heartedness1583

profuseness1584

bountihead1590

lavishness1590

frankness1591

ingenuousness1611

fruitfulnessa1616

generosity1634

open-handednessa1640

large-heartedness1640

communicativeness1653

unsparingness1818

free-handedness1860

big-heartedness1872

ungrudgingness1885

two-handedness1891

outgivingness1968

c1390 (?c1350) St. Ambrose l. 641 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 18 (MED) In mony þinges he was comendable, Furst in liberalite, For alle þinges þat hedde he To pore folk..he ȝaf.

c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 159 He was of so moche liberalte þat he made þe kynges and messes [perh. read kynges messes; L. fercula regalia] be diȝt redy foure tymes in a day.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 124 (MED) At thair departynge thai most nedis haue grete giftes and rewardes, ffor þat be sitith þe kynges magnificence and liberalite.

1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 15 The Kynge..of his mere mocion benygnitee and lyberalitee..hath gyuen and granted..pardon.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Hij The Canibales beyng, allured by the lyberalitie and gyftes of our men.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. x. 41 Riches joyned with liberality, is Power; because it procureth friends, and servants.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Yorks. 213 His liberality knew no bottome but an empty purse, so bountifull he was to all in want.

1741 Bp. J. Butler Serm. before House of Lords 14 Liberality..is apt to degenerate into extravagance.

1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. ii. 20 He was formed to excel in war by nature's liberality to his mind as well as person.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 229 The extraordinary liberality with which Antipater weakened his own army to strengthen that of Antigonus.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. vi. 150 Thanks to the doctor's liberality in the matter of my weekly board [etc.].

1928 Cent. Mag. Aug. 454/1 The suave and genteel auctioneer distributes pencils, note-books or other souvenirs as a gesture of goodwill and liberality.

1968 ‘Q. Crisp’ Naked Civil Servant xxii. 157 It was the liberality of their natures that was so marvellous. Never in the history of sex was so much offered to so many by so few.

2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 June 124/1 God's blessings have been slathered on with such liberality, the beneficence of the universe seems like an obvious fact.

b. An instance of this; a gift or offering.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > instance or act of

bountyc1250

largessec1425

liberality1526

generosity1606

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xvi. 3 Them will I sende to brynge youre liberalite vnto Jerusalem.

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Letany sig. .vii We receuing thy bounfull liberalitie.

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. ix. 167 There was..giuen..a donatiue to the souldiers, and a liberalitie to the people.

1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man xiii. §31. 274 This was to be paid, not as a charity, or liberality, but as a debt.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 169. ⁋5 Enriched by uncommon liberalities of nature.

1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. ix. 374 He..found himself in a condition to bestow great liberalities amongst the soldiers.

1859 J. Cumming Ruth ii. 15 An attempt to escape responsibilities, duties, liberalities at home.

1865 G. Grote Plato I. iv. 154 The name of Ptolemy was popular from his liberalities.

1912 Jrnl. Soc. Compar. Legislation 12 333 In estimating the corpus of the testator's property.., liberalities made during his life are brought into account.

1959 Harvard Law Rev. 72 1028 Promises of liberalities made in the public interest (the charitable subscription).

2002 L. G. Cochrane tr. E. Crouzet-Pavan Venice Triumphant vi. 237 Among these liberalities were cash bequests to be distributed among the poorer men and women.

2. The quality of being open-minded and free from prejudice; liberal-mindedness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun]

franchisec1325

liberal-mindedness1625

unbiassednessa1656

unprejudicateness1660

unprejudicedness1664

unprejudice1721

liberality1783

enlargement1806

imprejudice1806

unpossessednessc1819

liberalism1820

open-mindedness1832

liberalness1861

1783 R. Price Let. 7 Aug. in Corr. (1991) II. 192 Have they not reason to expect, from the liberality of the new Ministers, and the endeavours which some of them are now using to gain an equal representation of England, that [etc.]?

1786 W. Cowper Let. 4–5 June (1981) II. 561 I could have hugged him for his liberality, and freedom from bigotry.

1797 Monthly Rev. Jan. 82 Mr. Gray has indeed the liberality to admit that a farther extension of the principle was necessary.

1808 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 109 Our opponents, who had not the liberality to distinguish between political and social opposition.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 491 With a liberality rare in his time, he considered questions of ecclesiastical polity as of small account when compared with the great principles of Christianity.

1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel II. v. xiii. 62 Where look for liberality, if men of science are illiberal to their brethren?

1904 Times 23 Jan. 7/6 An active movement on the part of the King to convince Spanish opinion of the liberality of his views.

1954 E. E. Y. Hales Pio Nono i. 33 He continued to show..an independence and liberality of outlook.

1964 Ebony Feb. 30/1 Other civil rights leaders questioned President Kennedy's liberality on the basis of his Senate record.

1991 L. Faderman Odd Girls & Twilight Lovers iii. 76 Liberality toward bisexuality bespoke an urbanity that had special appeal for upper-class Harlemites.

†3. Political liberalism; liberals collectively. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the left > old left or liberal

new school1806

liberality1822

Old Left1941

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the left > old left or liberal > attitudes of

liberalism1816

liberality1822

liberalness1861

1822 Council of Ten Nov. 151 If such things constitute liberality, we are not Liberals.

1841 Fraser's Mag. 23 204 Liberality proving..quite as careful of its pounds, shillings, and pence, as Toryism.

1843 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 10 637 A strange jumble of all the systems, and philosophies, bigotries, and liberalities that have each had its day and its party in France.

1874 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera IV. xxxviii. 39 With all the liberality of republican Europe rejoicing in his dignities as a man and a brother.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	liberality
释义	liberalityn. Brit. /ˌlɪbəˈralᵻti/, U.S. /ˌlɪbəˈrælədi/ Forms: Middle English liberallite, Middle English liberalte, Middle English lyberalte, Middle English–1500s liberalite, Middle English–1500s liberalitee, Middle English–1500s lyberalite, Middle English–1500s lyberalyte, 1500s liberalytye, 1500s lyberalitee, 1500s lyberalitie, 1500s lyberalitye, 1500s lyberalytie, 1500s–1600s liberalitie, 1500s–1600s liberalitye, 1500s–1600s liberalytie, 1500s– liberality; also Scottish pre-1700 liberalietie, pre-1700 liberalite, pre-1700 liberalitee, pre-1700 liberalitie, pre-1700 liberalitie, pre-1700 liberallitie, pre-1700 libiralytie; N.E.D. (1902) also records a form Middle English liberalytie. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French liberalité; Latin līberālitāt-, līberālitās. Etymology: < (i) Middle French liberalité (French libéralité ) quality of giving generously, generosity, magnanimity, benevolence (13th cent. in Old French), independence, freedom (early 15th cent. or earlier), generous gift (early 15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin līberālitāt-, līberālitās generosity, nobility, kindliness, magnanimity, munificence, open-handedness, instance of generosity, gift, donation, contribution < līberālis liberal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare liberal adj., liberalness n.In sense 3 perhaps after French libéralité political liberalism, liberal opinion (1799); compare slightly earlier liberalism n. 1. a. The quality of giving or spending freely; generosity, largesse. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality freedomOE custinessOE largesse?c1225 freeshipa1250 franchisec1325 largitya1382 largenessa1387 liberalityc1390 bountya1400 honestya1400 freenessc1400 largec1400 liberalnessc1410 munificencec1425 plentyc1425 bounteousnessc1440 magnificencec1450 bountifulness1489 bountines1512 royalty1548 magnificency?c1550 munificency?c1550 free-heartedness1583 profuseness1584 bountihead1590 lavishness1590 frankness1591 ingenuousness1611 fruitfulnessa1616 generosity1634 open-handednessa1640 large-heartedness1640 communicativeness1653 unsparingness1818 free-handedness1860 big-heartedness1872 ungrudgingness1885 two-handedness1891 outgivingness1968 c1390 (?c1350) St. Ambrose l. 641 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 18 (MED) In mony þinges he was comendable, Furst in liberalite, For alle þinges þat hedde he To pore folk..he ȝaf. c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 159 He was of so moche liberalte þat he made þe kynges and messes [perh. read kynges messes; L. fercula regalia] be diȝt redy foure tymes in a day. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 124 (MED) At thair departynge thai most nedis haue grete giftes and rewardes, ffor þat be sitith þe kynges magnificence and liberalite. 1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 15 The Kynge..of his mere mocion benygnitee and lyberalitee..hath gyuen and granted..pardon. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Hij The Canibales beyng, allured by the lyberalitie and gyftes of our men. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. x. 41 Riches joyned with liberality, is Power; because it procureth friends, and servants. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Yorks. 213 His liberality knew no bottome but an empty purse, so bountifull he was to all in want. 1741 Bp. J. Butler Serm. before House of Lords 14 Liberality..is apt to degenerate into extravagance. 1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. ii. 20 He was formed to excel in war by nature's liberality to his mind as well as person. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 229 The extraordinary liberality with which Antipater weakened his own army to strengthen that of Antigonus. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. vi. 150 Thanks to the doctor's liberality in the matter of my weekly board [etc.]. 1928 Cent. Mag. Aug. 454/1 The suave and genteel auctioneer distributes pencils, note-books or other souvenirs as a gesture of goodwill and liberality. 1968 ‘Q. Crisp’ Naked Civil Servant xxii. 157 It was the liberality of their natures that was so marvellous. Never in the history of sex was so much offered to so many by so few. 2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 June 124/1 God's blessings have been slathered on with such liberality, the beneficence of the universe seems like an obvious fact. b. An instance of this; a gift or offering. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > instance or act of bountyc1250 largessec1425 liberality1526 generosity1606 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xvi. 3 Them will I sende to brynge youre liberalite vnto Jerusalem. 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Letany sig. .vii We receuing thy bounfull liberalitie. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. ix. 167 There was..giuen..a donatiue to the souldiers, and a liberalitie to the people. 1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man xiii. §31. 274 This was to be paid, not as a charity, or liberality, but as a debt. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 169. ⁋5 Enriched by uncommon liberalities of nature. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. ix. 374 He..found himself in a condition to bestow great liberalities amongst the soldiers. 1859 J. Cumming Ruth ii. 15 An attempt to escape responsibilities, duties, liberalities at home. 1865 G. Grote Plato I. iv. 154 The name of Ptolemy was popular from his liberalities. 1912 Jrnl. Soc. Compar. Legislation 12 333 In estimating the corpus of the testator's property.., liberalities made during his life are brought into account. 1959 Harvard Law Rev. 72 1028 Promises of liberalities made in the public interest (the charitable subscription). 2002 L. G. Cochrane tr. E. Crouzet-Pavan Venice Triumphant vi. 237 Among these liberalities were cash bequests to be distributed among the poorer men and women. 2. The quality of being open-minded and free from prejudice; liberal-mindedness. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] franchisec1325 liberal-mindedness1625 unbiassednessa1656 unprejudicateness1660 unprejudicedness1664 unprejudice1721 liberality1783 enlargement1806 imprejudice1806 unpossessednessc1819 liberalism1820 open-mindedness1832 liberalness1861 1783 R. Price Let. 7 Aug. in Corr. (1991) II. 192 Have they not reason to expect, from the liberality of the new Ministers, and the endeavours which some of them are now using to gain an equal representation of England, that [etc.]? 1786 W. Cowper Let. 4–5 June (1981) II. 561 I could have hugged him for his liberality, and freedom from bigotry. 1797 Monthly Rev. Jan. 82 Mr. Gray has indeed the liberality to admit that a farther extension of the principle was necessary. 1808 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 109 Our opponents, who had not the liberality to distinguish between political and social opposition. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 491 With a liberality rare in his time, he considered questions of ecclesiastical polity as of small account when compared with the great principles of Christianity. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel II. v. xiii. 62 Where look for liberality, if men of science are illiberal to their brethren? 1904 Times 23 Jan. 7/6 An active movement on the part of the King to convince Spanish opinion of the liberality of his views. 1954 E. E. Y. Hales Pio Nono i. 33 He continued to show..an independence and liberality of outlook. 1964 Ebony Feb. 30/1 Other civil rights leaders questioned President Kennedy's liberality on the basis of his Senate record. 1991 L. Faderman Odd Girls & Twilight Lovers iii. 76 Liberality toward bisexuality bespoke an urbanity that had special appeal for upper-class Harlemites. †3. Political liberalism; liberals collectively. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the left > old left or liberal new school1806 liberality1822 Old Left1941 society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the left > old left or liberal > attitudes of liberalism1816 liberality1822 liberalness1861 1822 Council of Ten Nov. 151 If such things constitute liberality, we are not Liberals. 1841 Fraser's Mag. 23 204 Liberality proving..quite as careful of its pounds, shillings, and pence, as Toryism. 1843 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 10 637 A strange jumble of all the systems, and philosophies, bigotries, and liberalities that have each had its day and its party in France. 1874 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera IV. xxxviii. 39 With all the liberality of republican Europe rejoicing in his dignities as a man and a brother. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1390
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